Pharmacology Flashcards
Medication Regulation
What major U.S. law was passed in 1906 that prohibited altering or mislabeling medications?
Pure Food and Drug Act
Medication Regulation
Which law prohibited the importation of opium? What year was this?
Opium Exclusion Act of 1909
Medication Regulation
What is the Harrison Narcotic Act?
A 1914 Act that regulated and taced the manufacture and sale of opiates and cocaine products
Medication Regulation
What is the 1938 Act that Gave authority to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration to oversee the safety of food, drugs, and cosmetics?
Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act
Medication Regulation
What act classified potentially abused medications into one of five schedules, which including security, record keeping and dispensing requirements?
The 1970 Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act
Medication Regulation
What are Schedule 1 drugs?
Great potential for psychological and physical addition - most controlled
Marijuana, LSD, heroin
Highest risk
Medication Regulation
What are Schedule 2 drugs?
Drugs with a high potential for abuse but less than Schedule 1
Oxycodone, methamphetamines, meperidine, fentanyl, morpine
Higher risk
Medication Regulation
What are Schedule 3 drugs?
Drugs with low to moderate potential for addiction
Drugs have <90 mg of codeine per dosage unit
Ketamine, steroids, acetaminophen with codeine
Low to moderate risk
Medication Regulation
What are Schedule 4 drugs?
Drugs with potential for abuse and any kind of addiction
Alprazolam, lorazepam, diazepam, zolpidem
Lower risk
Medication Regulation
What are Schedule 5 drugs?
Drugs with the lowest risk for abuse or addition
Genenerally for antidiarrheal, antitussive, or analgesic purposes
Narcotic cough medications, pregabalin
Lowest risk
Medication form
What is a tablet?
Medication form
Powder compressed into a solid to be swallowed
Medication form
What is a capsule?
Powder or gel surrounded by a gelatin shell
Medication form
What is a suspension?
Water - insoluble powder suspended in a thick sugary liquid that seperates on standing; shaking is required
Medication form
What is a solution?
Medication dissolved in another liquid, usually water
Medication form
What is a Metered does inhaler?
Liquid or finely powdered solid in a pressurized canister for inhalation
Medication form
What is a topical medication?
Applied to skin for treatment
Medication form
What is a transdermal/transcutaneous medication?
Medication applied to and absorbed through the skin for absorption into the bloodstream
Often comes in a patch, for example a nictotine patch
What is a Suppository medication?
Medication contained within a greasy/waxy substances that melts in the body to deliever the medication; often inserted into the rectum or vagina
Medication terms
Indication
Why a drug is given - the symptoms it is used to treat
Medication terms
Contraindication
Reasons to not give a medication
Absolute Contraindication
Reasons a drug should never be given, regardless of the circumstances
Medication terms
Adverse Reactions
Side effects
Nontherapeutic effects a medication has on the body
Medication terms
Idiosyncratic Effects
Specific unexpected, nontherapeutic reactions of a patient to a medication
Also called untoward effects
Medication terms
Interactions
The effects taking multiple medications at the same time have on the body (which may induce side effects)
Physiology of Pharmacology
Pharmacology
The study of medications and their effects on the body
Physiology of Pharmacology
Pharmacodynamics
The process that a drug performs to alter processes in the body to bring about a desired effect, including the overall response of the body to a medication
Pharmacodynamics
Endogenous chemicals
Found within the body
Pharmacodynamics
Exogenous chemicals
Originate outside the body
Pharmacodynamics
Agonist
Binds to receptor sites producing a similar response to the intended chemical and receptor
Pharmacodynamics
Antagonist
binds to the receptor either on the primary site, or on another site, which all together stops the receptor from producing a response
Anti-Agonist
Work by competitive inhibition or noncompetitive inhibition
Pharmacodynamics
Competitive Inhibition
The medication blocks the effects of the endogenous chemical by binding to the same receptor
