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Emergency Medical Services > Anatomy and Physiology > Flashcards

Anatomy and Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

Anatomical Position

A

Position where a person stands upright, with palms facing forward and thumbs facing away from the body

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2
Q

Sagittal Plane

Also known as midline plane

A

Imaginary vertical line dividing the body into left and right side

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3
Q

Lateral

A

Objects go away from the midline

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4
Q

Medial

A

Objects move towards the midline

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5
Q

Midaxillary line/frontal plane

A

Imaginary vertical line dividing the body into front and back portions

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6
Q

Anterior

A

Objects are on the front portion of the body

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7
Q

Posterior

A

Objects are on the back portion of the body

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8
Q

Ventral

A

Towards the front of the torso

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9
Q

Dorsal

A

Toward the back of the torso

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10
Q

Transverse plane

A

Imaginary horizontal line dividing the body into top and bottom portions

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11
Q

Superior

A

Above or up

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12
Q

Inferior

A

Down or toward the bottom

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13
Q

Proximal

A

Closer to the torso

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14
Q

Distal

A

Farther from the torso

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15
Q

Flexion

A

decreasing the angle between two bones at a joint

bending

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16
Q

Extension

A

increasing the angle between two bones at a joint

Straightening

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17
Q

Adduction

A

Moving limb toward midline

You “add” to the body

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18
Q

Abduction

A

Moving limb away from the midline

An abduction takes someone away from someone/something

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19
Q

The skull

A

Cap of bone that protects the brain - made up of different sections of the skull

Also known as the cranium

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20
Q

Where is the frontal bone located?

A

Where the forehead is

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21
Q

Where are the parietal bones located?

A

On both sides of the head, above the ears, towards the back of the head where they meet the occipital bone

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22
Q

Where is the Occipital lobe located?

A

The posterior part of the head, protects the cerebellum region of the brain

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23
Q

Where is the temporal lobe located

A

superior to the ear, on both sides of the head

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24
Q

Where is the sphenoid bone located?

A

Posterior to the orbital socket

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25
What are the sutures on the skull?
Fibrous bands of tissue that connect the bones of the skull together
26
What are the fontanelles? Where are they located? Which patient population would you expect to find them in?
Fontanelles are located in the anterior and posterior of the skull where the sutures have not fully closed yet. They typically close by 18 months of age | Pediatric patients
27
Which bones make up the facial bones?
- orbit (eye socket) - nasal bone - maxilla (fused upper jaw) - mandible (lower jaw) - zygomatic bones (cheeks)
28
What are the sections of the Spinal Column? How many vertebrae are in each section?
Cervical: 7 Thoracic: 12 Lumbar: 5 Sacral: 5 Coccyx: 6 | 7, 12, 5, 5, 6 - Sing it!
29
Cervical section of the spinal column (AKA) (Number of vertebrae) (Vulnerabilities)
Neck Has seven vertebrae Is one of the most vulnerable portions of the spine
30
Thoracic section of the spinal column (AKA) (Number of vertebrae)
Chest 12 vertebrae
31
Lumbar section of the spinal column (AKA) (Number of vertebrae) (Vulnerabilities)
Low back 5 vertebrae Holds a lot of the body's load pressure - pain is common here
32
Sacral section of the spinal column (AKA) (Number of vertebrae) (Vulnerabilities)
Pelvis (located within the pelvic cavity) Set of 5 fused vertebrae
33
Coccyx section of the spinal column (AKA) (Number of vertebrae) (Vulnerabilities)
Tailbone 4 fused vertebrae Suspectable to trauma
34
What is the space between the ribs?
The intercoastal space
35
What are the three parts of the **sternum**?
Manubrium - superior portion Middle body Xiphoid process - inferior tip
36
Where is the pelvis located?
The inferior portion of the abdominal cavity
37
Major bones of the pelvis
**Iliac crests:** the wing sections of the pelvis **Pubis:** the anterior portion of the pelvic bone . **Ischium: ** the inferior portion of the pelvis
38
The Clavicle is also known as the
collarbone
39
The Scapula is also known as the
shoulder blade
40
The Humerus is also known as the
superior bone of the arm
41
The Radius is also known as the
lateral bone of the forearm | (the landmark is here for a radial pulse)
42
The Ulna is also known as the
medial bone of the forearm | (this is thumb side of the lower arm)
43
What are the Carpals?
collective name of eight tiny bones that make up the wrist
44
What are the Metacarpals and Phalanges?
Metacarpals: collective name for the five bones of the hand . Phalanges: finger bones
45
What is the Femur?
the thighbone
46
What is the Patella?
The kneecap
47
What is the tibia?
medial bone of the lower leg
48
What is the Fibula?
lateral bone of the lower leg
49
What is the Malleolus?
ankle bones on both medial and lateral sides
50
What are the tarsals and metatarsals?
12 bones that make up the foot
51
What is the Calcaneous?
Heel of the foot
52
What are the Phalanges?
Toe bones
53
What is a joint?
Where more than two bones connect
54
What are the basic joint types?
Ball and Socket (Hip and shoulder) Hinge (Elbow and knee)
55
What are the two special fibrous connections that facilitate movement at the joint?
Tendons and ligaments
56
Connects bone to bone
Ligaments
57
Connects bones to muscles
Tendons
58
What are the three different types of muscle?
Skeletal, cardiac, and smooth
59
Which muscle type is voluntary?
Skeletal muscle
60
The inferior portion of the pharnyx
The epiglottis | Valve closes over the trachea while swallowing
61
What connects the pharynx to the bronchi?
The trachea
62
Where do the bronchi split into two?
The carina
63
Negative pressure
Created when the diapragm moves downward and allows the lungs to expand, which pulls in oxygen-rich air
64
Positive pressure
Created when the diapragm relaxes and allows the lungs to contract, which forces carbon dioxide out
65
Gas exchange
Oxygen and carbon dioxide move through the alveoli through the walls of the capillaries
66
What is the main job of the right side of the heart?
pumps blood to the lungs to be oxygenated
67
What is the main job of the left side of the heart?
Pump blood to the body
68
In what order does blood flow through the heart
1. Oxygen-poor blood enters the **right atrium through both the superior and inferior vena cava. ** 2. As the atrium contracts, blood then flows downward through the open** tricuspid valve**, which empties into the **right ventricle**. 3. The right ventricle then contracts and pushes the blood through the **pulmonic valve**, which leads to the **pulmonary arteries**. 4. The pulmonary arteries allow the blood to enter into either the **left or right lung** where gas exchange takes place at the capillary level of the alveoli. 5. Oxygen-rich blood is now returned through the **pulmonary veins**, which enter into the **left atrium.** 6. The left atrium contracts and squeezes blood downward through the open **mitral valve**, which empties into the** left ventricle**. 7. The left ventricle will then contract and send blood upward through the **aortic valve into the aorta.** 8. The** aorta **will then deliver blood to the rest of the body.
69
Automaticity
cell's ability to spontaneously generate an electrical impulse
70
Excitability
cell's ability to respond to an electrical impulse
71
Conductivity
cell's ability to transmit the electrical impulse to another cardiac cell
72
Contractility
cell's ability of muscle to contract after an electrical impulse is received
73
Rhythmicity
cell's ability to send selectrial impulses in a regularly and evenly paced manner
74
Refractoriness
cell's inability to respond to another electrical impulse
75
Electrical pathway of the heart

Emergency Medical Services (4 decks)

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