Pharmacology Flashcards
What drugs have increased elimination when taking St John’s Wort?
OPCs, Iron, Digoxin, Anticoagulants, Antiretrovirals
Advice to a patient taking both OCPs and St John’s Wort
Use back up contraception
Contraindications to echinacea
patients on immunosuppressive drugs
Drugs that can interact with Ginseng
Anticoagulants, antiplatelet meds, steroids, hypoglycemics, diuretics
Contraindications to using valerian root
use of alcohol or other sedating drugs
Isotretinoin should be taken with….
fatty foods - because it is lipophilic
Griseofulvin should be taken with…
fatty foods - because it is lipophilic
Tetracycline and doxycycline should not be taken with…
dairy products
Cipro should not be taken with
dairy products
Drug interaction for cephalosporins
decreases bioavailability of calcium, magnesium, iron, or aluminum supplements
Drug interaction for fluoroquinolones
decreases bioavailability of calcium, magnesium, iron, or aluminum supplements
Drug interaction for erythromycin
reduces metabolism for (and increases levels of) theophylline, codeine, beta blockers, antidepressants, steroids, warfarin, and metronidazole.
Drug interaction for Cipro
reduces metabolism for (and increases levels of) theophylline, codeine, beta blockers, antidepressants, steroids, warfarin, and metronidazole.
Drug interaction for cimetidine
reduces metabolism for (and increases levels of) theophylline, codeine, beta blockers, antidepressants, steroids, warfarin, and metronidazole.
Drug interaction for omeprazole
reduces metabolism for (and increases levels of) theophylline, codeine, beta blockers, antidepressants, steroids, warfarin, and metronidazole.
Name four meds that induce hepatic enzymes and thereby decrease levels of other meds
Rifampin
Phenobarbital
Carbamazepine
Phenytoin
How many half lives does it take to achieve a steady state?
4-5
In a patient on digoxin, which meds should they avoid to prevent elevated levels?
Quinidine
Amiodarone
Drug reaction to Cefaclor
Serum Sickness: fever, swollen lymph nodes, joint pain, rash
If a child had a previous skin reaction to penicillin, what are the odds of a similar reaction to a cephalosporin?
Less than 10%
Side effects of beta blockers
Sexual dysfunction
Sleep disturbance
Bronchospasm (worse asthma)
Bradycardia/heart block
Mechanism of action for acetazolamide
Causes proximal tubule to decrease reuptake of bicarbonate
Dose related side effects of furosemide
ototoxicity
renal toxicity
What ions are “wasted” by furosemide?
Potassium and Hydrogen
Which ions are primarily lost with hydrochlorothiazide?
Sodium and chloride
What happens to sodium and potassium with spironolactone?
Sodium is excreted and potassium is spared
