Pharmacology

Question 1

What drugs have increased elimination when taking St John’s Wort?

Answer 1

OPCs, Iron, Digoxin, Anticoagulants, Antiretrovirals

Question 2

Advice to a patient taking both OCPs and St John’s Wort

Answer 2

Use back up contraception

Question 3

Contraindications to echinacea

Answer 3

patients on immunosuppressive drugs

Question 4

Drugs that can interact with Ginseng

Answer 4

Anticoagulants, antiplatelet meds, steroids, hypoglycemics, diuretics

Question 5

Contraindications to using valerian root

Answer 5

use of alcohol or other sedating drugs

Question 6

Isotretinoin should be taken with….

Answer 6

fatty foods - because it is lipophilic

Question 7

Griseofulvin should be taken with…

Answer 7

fatty foods - because it is lipophilic

Question 8

Tetracycline and doxycycline should not be taken with…

Answer 8

dairy products

Question 9

Cipro should not be taken with

Answer 9

dairy products

Question 10

Drug interaction for cephalosporins

Answer 10

decreases bioavailability of calcium, magnesium, iron, or aluminum supplements

Question 11

Drug interaction for fluoroquinolones

Answer 11

decreases bioavailability of calcium, magnesium, iron, or aluminum supplements

Question 12

Drug interaction for erythromycin

Answer 12

reduces metabolism for (and increases levels of) theophylline, codeine, beta blockers, antidepressants, steroids, warfarin, and metronidazole.

Question 13

Drug interaction for Cipro

Answer 13

reduces metabolism for (and increases levels of) theophylline, codeine, beta blockers, antidepressants, steroids, warfarin, and metronidazole.

Question 14

Drug interaction for cimetidine

Answer 14

reduces metabolism for (and increases levels of) theophylline, codeine, beta blockers, antidepressants, steroids, warfarin, and metronidazole.

Question 15

Drug interaction for omeprazole

Answer 15

reduces metabolism for (and increases levels of) theophylline, codeine, beta blockers, antidepressants, steroids, warfarin, and metronidazole.

Question 16

Name four meds that induce hepatic enzymes and thereby decrease levels of other meds

Answer 16

Rifampin
Phenobarbital
Carbamazepine
Phenytoin

Question 17

How many half lives does it take to achieve a steady state?

Answer 17

4-5

Question 18

In a patient on digoxin, which meds should they avoid to prevent elevated levels?

Answer 18

Quinidine

Amiodarone

Question 19

Drug reaction to Cefaclor

Answer 19

Serum Sickness: fever, swollen lymph nodes, joint pain, rash

Question 20

If a child had a previous skin reaction to penicillin, what are the odds of a similar reaction to a cephalosporin?

Answer 20

Less than 10%

Question 21

Side effects of beta blockers

Answer 21

Sexual dysfunction
Sleep disturbance
Bronchospasm (worse asthma)
Bradycardia/heart block

Question 22

Mechanism of action for acetazolamide

Answer 22

Causes proximal tubule to decrease reuptake of bicarbonate

Question 23

Dose related side effects of furosemide

Answer 23

ototoxicity

renal toxicity

Question 24

What ions are “wasted” by furosemide?

Answer 24

Potassium and Hydrogen

Question 25

Which ions are primarily lost with hydrochlorothiazide?

Answer 25

Sodium and chloride

Question 26

What happens to sodium and potassium with spironolactone?

Answer 26

Sodium is excreted and potassium is spared