Pharmacology

Question 1

general term that encompasses
antibacterial (antibiotics), antifungals, antimalarials,
antituberculosis agents (antimycobacterials), antehelmintics, antiprotozoans and antivirals.

Answer 1

anti-infective

Question 2

developed a synthetic that is effective only against infection causing cells not human cells.

Answer 2

Paul Enrich

Question 3

at what year is penicillin created?

Answer 3

1920

Question 4

at what year did sulfonamide created

Answer 4

1935

Question 5

What drugs does interfere with the steps involved in protein synthesis, functions to maintain the cell and allow cell division.

Answer 5

Aminoglycosides
macrolides
chloramphenicol.

Question 6

what drugs does prevent the cells of the invading organism from using substances essential to their growth and development, leading to an inability to divide and eventual cell death.

Answer 6

Sulfonamides
Antimycobacterials
trimethoprim-sulfamthoxazole.

Question 7

what drugs does alter the permeability of the cell membrane to allow essential cellular components to leak out, causing cell death.

Answer 7

antibiotics
antifungals
antiprotozoals

Question 8

varying effectiveness of anti- infective against invading organisms

Answer 8

spectrum

Question 9

so selective in action that they are effective against only a few microorganism w/ a very specific metabolic pathway or enzyme.

Answer 9

narrow spectrum

Question 10

biochemical reactions in many different kinds of microorganisms, making treatment in wide variety of infections.

Answer 10

broad spectrum

Question 11

those that causes death of bacteria.

Answer 11

bactericidal

Question 12

prevents replication of bacteria, by interfering w/ proteins or enzyme system necessary for reproduction of bacteria.

Answer 12

bacteriostatic

Question 13

property of antibiotics that allows them to affect certain proteins or enzyme systems used by bacteria but not by human cells, sparing human cells.

Answer 13

selective toxicity

Question 14

treatment to prevent an infection before it occurs.

Answer 14

prophylaxis

Question 15

ability of the bacteria to adapt to an antibiotic and produce cells that are no longer affected by the drug.

Answer 15

resistance

Question 16

Co-Amoxiclav is a combination of

Answer 16

Amoxicillin-trihydrate and clavulanic acid

Question 17

What are the different adverse effects to anti infective drugs?

Answer 17

GI Toxicity
Hypersensitivity Reactions
Kidney Damage
Neurotoxicity
Superinfections

Question 18

What are the classifications of Anti-Infective drugs?

Answer 18

Aminoglycosides
Cephalosporin
Carbapenems
Fluoroquinolones
Penicillin and Penicillin-Resistant Drugs
Sulfonamides
Tetracycline
Antimycobacterials

Question 19

What are the different categories of Anti-Infective Drugs?

Answer 19

Aminoglycosides
Cephalosporin (1st-4th Generation)
Carbapenems
Fluoroquinolones
Penicillin and Penicillin-Resistant Drugs (Penicillin, Extended Spectrum Penicillin & Penicillin Resistant Drug)
Sulfonamide
Tetracyclin
Anticomycobacterials (Anti-Tuberculotic Drugs, Leprostatic Drug)

Question 20

What are other Anti-Bacterial Drugs

Answer 20

Ketolides
Lincosamides
Lipoglycopeptide
Macrolides
Monobactams

Question 21

New class of broad-spectrum antibiotics effective against gram + and Gram – bacteria.

Answer 21

Carbapenems

Question 22

What are the different Drug under Carbapenems

Answer 22

Doripenem
Ertapenem
Meropenem
Imipenem-Cilastatin

Question 23

Contraindications with Carbapenems

Answer 23

Allergy to any Carbapenem property/beta lactams
seizure disorders
meningitis
lactation
Teratogenic (use during pregnancy)

Question 24

C/I with etrapenem

Answer 24

not recommended with patients under 18 years old

Question 25

meropenem is associated with

Answer 25

development of pseudomembranous colitis

Question 26

caution with meropenem

Answer 26

inflammatory bowel disorders

Question 27

adverse effects with carbapenems

Answer 27

toxic effect in GI tract pseudomembranous colitis clostridium difficile diarrhea nausea and vomiting superinfections CNS effects seizures

Question 28

Carbapenems CNS effects are manifested through

Answer 28

dizziness headache altered mental state

Question 29

Ganciclovir may cause

Answer 29

seizures

Question 30

Meropenem should not be combined with ____ that may be toxic.

Answer 30

probenecid

Question 31

Carbapenems are mostly given

Answer 31

IV and IM

Question 32

half life of carbapenems is

Answer 32

1-4hours

Question 33

Introduced since 1960’s

Answer 33

cephalosporin

Question 34

argely effective with gram-positive bacteria that are affected by Penicillin G, as well as Gram negative bacteria, Proteus mirabilis, E. coli, & klebsiella pneumoniae.(PEcK)- bacterias that are susceptible to 1st gen. cephalosporin's.

Answer 34

1st Generation

Question 35

are effective against those strains, also Haemophilus influenzae, Enterobacter aerogenes, & Neisseria species. (HENPeCK).

Answer 35

2nd Generation

Question 36

2nd gen. ______ against gram-positive bacteria

Answer 36

are less effective

Question 37

are weak against gram(+) bacteria but are more potent against gram (--) bacilli as well as against Serratia marcescens(HENPeCKS).

Answer 37

3rd generation

Question 38

are in development. have improved gram positive spectrum and expanded gram-negative activity or 3rd generation cephalosporins.

Answer 38

4th Generations

Question 39

active against gram (-) and gram (+) organisms including cephalosporin-resistant staphylococci and P. aerogunosa.

Answer 39

Cefepime (Maxipime)

Question 40

is more active against pneumococci.

Answer 40

Cefepime

Question 41

What drugs are under 1st Generation

Answer 41

Cefadroxil Cefazolin Cefalexin

Question 42

What drugs are under 2nd Generation

Answer 42

Cefaclor Cefoxitin Cefprozil Cefuroxime

Question 43

What drugs are under 3rd Generation

Answer 43

Cefdinir Cefotaxime Cefpodoxime Ceftazidime Ceftibuten Ceftizoxime

Question 44

What drugs are under 4th Generation

Answer 44

Cefditoren Cefepime Ceftaroline

Question 45

C/I with cephalosporin

Answer 45

allergic to drug teratogenic (pregnant and lactating mothers) patients with kidney problems/failure

Question 46

Cephalosporin should be taken

Answer 46

with an empty stomach