pharmacology

Question 1

explains what a drug does to the body, how the drug works; cell/organ/system effect, side effects, effective against disease

Answer 1

pharmacodynamics

Question 2

explains what the body does to a drug; how drug is absorbed into the blood, distributed in the body, metabolized, and excreted from the body

Answer 2

pharmacokinetics

Question 3

a ligand that initiates a cellular response by binding to a receptor

Answer 3

agonist

Question 4

ligand with no effect on cell function, as it blocks other ligands from the receptor; also called blockers or inhibitors

Answer 4

antagonist

Question 5

the level of attraction between a drug and receptor. doesn’t predict the magnitude of activity or cell response

Answer 5

affinity

Question 6

the absolute number of drug molecules required to produce a given pharmacologic effect

Answer 6

potency

Question 7

describes if the drug works, if it achieved the intended effect for which it was prescribed

Answer 7

efficacy

Question 8

term used to describe individual response differences between patients

Answer 8

variability

Question 9

ratio of toxic dose for 50% of patients to effective dose for 50% of patients

Answer 9

therapeutic index

Question 10

two similar acting drugs act to produce the sum of their individual effects

Answer 10

addictive drug interactions

Question 11

two unalike drugs produce a greater effect than the sum of their individual effects

Answer 11

synergistic drug interaction

Question 12

an effect of one drug is multiplied by another drug lacking that effect

Answer 12

potentiation

Question 13

the effect of one drug is decreased by another drug

Answer 13

antagonism

Question 14

fast affecting drug routes

Answer 14

IV, inhalation, sublingual

Question 15

slow affecting drug routes

Answer 15

oral, subq, IM

Question 16

can significantly decrease a drug’s effect; first pass effect

Answer 16

liver

Question 17

no gastric issues, huge lung surface area, high perfusion, no first pass effect, rapid onset of action, can produce a bolus effect of drug to the brain

Answer 17

inhalation

Question 18

no gastric issues, high vascularity, intermediate onset of action, no first pass effect, invasive, limited by perfusion rate

Answer 18

intramuscular

Question 19

no gastric issues, rapid onset, no first pass effect, high level of control over drug concentration in blood, invasive

Answer 19

IV

Question 20

ibuprofen, indomethacin, and naproxen

Answer 20

nonselective COX inihbitor

Question 21

celecoxib and meloxicam

Answer 21

COX2 selective inhibitors

Question 22

< 300 mg per day of Aspirin

Answer 22

reduce platelet aggregation

Question 23

600-650 mg per day of Aspirin

Answer 23

analgesic effect

Question 24

45 mg/kg/ day of apsirin

Answer 24

anti-inflammatory effect

Question 25

alters gene expression leading to altered eicosanoid metabolism and decreased cytokine synthesis

Answer 25

corticosteroids

Question 26

cortisone, prednisone, prednisolone, methylprednisolone, and dexamethasone

Answer 26

corticosteroids

Question 27

lidocaine (xylocaine), bupivicaine, prilocaine

Answer 27

local anesthesia