Pharmacology Flashcards
1
Q
amoxicillin
A
antibiotic
beta-lactam antibiotic
2
Q
methicillin
A
antibiotic
transpeptidase inhibitor
3
Q
cefuroxime
A
antibiotic
transpeptidase inhibitor
4
Q
benzylpenicillin
A
antibiotic
transpeptidase inhibitor
5
Q
oxytetracyline
A
antibiotic
30s inhibitor
6
Q
erythromycin
A
antibiotic
50s inhibitor
7
Q
gentamicin
A
antibiotic
30s/50s inhibitor
8
Q
rifampicin
A
antibiotic
DNA dependent RNApol inhibitor
9
Q
trimethoprim
A
antibiotic
folate antagonist
10
Q
sulfamethoxazole
A
antibiotic
PABA analogue - competitively inhibit folic acid production
11
Q
vancomycin
A
antibiotic
cell wall synthesis inhibitor
12
Q
colistin
A
antibiotic phospholipid detergent (polymyxin)
13
Q
ciprofloxacin
A
antibiotic
topoisomerase II inhibitor
14
Q
fusidic acid
A
antibiotic
bacterial translation inhibitor
15
Q
NSAIDs
A
analgesic
COX inhibitors
16
Q
acyclovir
A
antiviral
DNApol inhibitor
17
Q
amantadine
A
antiviral (also some antiparkinsonian effects)
ion channel disrupter - prevents uncoating
18
Q
diamorphine
A
analgesic
mu-opioid agonist
19
Q
amprenavir
A
antiviral
protease inhibitor
20
Q
phenoxymethylpenicillin
A
antibiotic
transpeptidase inhibitor
21
Q
zidovudine
A
antiviral
thymidine analogue - NRTI
22
Q
clotrimazole
A
antifungal (antimycotic)
lanosterol 14-α-demethylase inhibitor - disrupts cell wall synthesis
23
Q
fluconazole
A
antifungal (antimycotic)
lanosterol 14-α-demethylase inhibitor - disrupts cell wall synthesis
24
Q
nystatin
A
antifungal (antimycotic)
binds to ergosterol to form cell wall pores
25
amphotericin
antifungal (antimycotic)
| binds to ergosterol to form cell wall pores
26
pyrimethamine
antimalarial
| folate antagonist
27
quinine
antimalarial
| harm-polymerase inhibitor
28
artemether
antimalarial
| reactive metabolite generator
29
clobetasone
corticosteroid
30
griseofulvin
antifungal (antimycotic)
| mitosis inhibitor
31
dacarbazine
chemotherapy
| alkylating agent
32
cyclophosphamide
chemotherapy
| alkylating agent
33
rituximab
biologic cancer treatment (+ immunosuppression in autoimmune disease treatment)
chimeric (murine/human) anti-CD20 antibody mediates B cell lysis
34
doxorubicin
anthracycline chemotherapy agent
binds DNA to inhibit topoisomerase II
cell cycle non-specific
35
paclitaxel
taxoid chemotherapy agent
microtubule hyperstabilisation agent
cell cycle specific
36
tamoxifen
SERM
37
5-fluorouracil
chemotherapy
pyramidine analogue - inhibits DNA and RNA synthesis
cell cycle specific
38
etoposide
chemotherapy
inhibits DNA topoisomerase I I= errors in DNA synthesis and apoptosis
cell cycle specific: S and G2
39
vinblastine
vinca-alkaloid chemotherapy agent
tubular polymerase inhibitor = mitotic arrest
cell cycle specific: M
40
imatinib
biologic cancer treatment
| BCR-Abl tyrosine kinase inhibitor
41
tretinoin
used for some dermatology conditions and for acute promyelocytic leukaemia (APL)
vitamin A analogue ?MoA
42
primaquine
quinolone derivative antimalarial
| ?MoA - site of action: liver
43
chloroquine
antimalarial (largely ineffective due to widespread resistant strains)
harm polymerase inhibitor
sit of action: blood
44
mefloquine
antimalarial
phospholipid interacting schizontocide
site of action: blood
45
doxycycline
antimalarial and antibiotic
tetracycline antibiotic
?antimalarial MoA - site of action: blood
46
malarone
atovaquone + proguanil
| combination antimalarial therapy
47
atovaquone
antimalarial
inhibits electron transport chain = decreased ATP synthesis
site of action: liver
48
proguanil
antimalarial
inhibits parasitic reproductive enzyme dihydrofolate reductase
site of action: liver
49
enalapril / lisinopril / ramipril / captopril
antihypertensive
| ACEi
50
amiloride
potassium sparing diuretic
| sodium channel blocker
51
furosemide
loop diuretic
| inhibits sodium-potassium-chloride cotransporter in LoH
52
bendroflumethiazide
thiazide diuretic
| inhibits sodium-chloride contransporter in DCT
53
chlortalidone
monosulfonamyl diuretic
| inhibits sodium-chloride cotransporter in LoH
54
doxazosin
inhibits alpha1 adrenoreceptors (antagonist) on smooth muscle
site of action: vascular = antihypertensive
site of action: prostate = decreased hypertrophic growth
55
spironolactone
mineralocorticoid antagonist
potassium sparing diuretic
aldosterone receptor blocker in DCT
56
acetazolamide
carbonic anhydrase inhibitor
57
cisplatin
chemotherapy
alkylating agent (DNA cross-linker)
cell cycle non-specific
58
methotrexate
folate antagonist
| inhibits DNA synthesis (due to lack of purine and pyramiding production)
59
phenobarbital
```
anticonvulsant/sedative
GABA agonist (barbiturate)
```
60
pethidine
analgesic
| kappa opioid agonist
61
mannitol
osmotic diuretic
62
amphetamine
non-catecholamine sympathomimetic
63
warfarin
anticoagulant
| vit K antagonist - competitively inhibits VKORC1
64
desogestrel / etonogestrel / levonorgestrel
synthetic progesterones
65
oxytocin
GPC agonist
| induces labour
66
ethinylestradiol
synthetic estradiol (oestrogen hormone)
67
dinoprostone
prostaglandin E2 receptor agonist
| used to: induce labour, treat postpartum haemorrhage, pregnancy termination
68
sodium valproate
anticonvulsant
| GABA receptor agonist
69
ethanol
depressant
70
cocaine
anaesthetic and vasoconstrictor
| noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor and sodium channel blocker
71
lithium
sodium analogue
| mood stabilising agent
72
thalidomide
immunomodulatory agent
| teratogenic
73
testosterone
androgen hormone receptor agonist
74
somatropin
synthetic HGH receptor agonist
75
azathioprine
immunosuppressant
| antagonist of purine metabolism
76
diclofenac
NSAID
77
celecoxib
specific COX-2 inhibitor
78
ciclosporin
immunosuppressant
| cyclophilin binder
79
sulfasalazine
immunomodulator
| ?MoA
80
calcitonin
antagonises PTH action
| enhances bone density
81
prednisolone
glucocorticoid receptor agonist
82
raloxifene
SERM
83
alendronic acid (alendronate)
bisphosphonate
84
digoxin
cardiac glycoside
| sodium potassium ATPase inhibitor
85
diazepam
GABA receptor agonist
| benzodiazepine
86
propofol
anaesthetic
| GABA receptor modulator
87
lamotrigine
anticonvulsant
| sodium channel inhibitor
88
carbamazepine
anticonvulsant
| sodium channel inhibitor
89
phenytoin
anticonvulsant
| sodium channel inhibitor
90
donepezil
reversible AChEi
91
suxamethonium
depolarising nicotinic cholinergic receptor antagonist
92
bromocriptine
ergot derived D2 agonist
93
gabapentin
anticonvulsant and analgesic for neuropathic pain
| GABA analogue
94
selegiline
MAO B inhibitor
95
isoflurane
general anaesthetic agent
| neuronal ion channel modulator: muscle relaxant plus analgesic
96
atracurium
non depolarising skeletal muscle relaxant
| cholinergic ACh receptor antagonist
97
memantine
NMDA receptor antagonist
98
fentanyl
analgesic
| mu opioid agonist
99
isoniazid
antibiotic
| highly specific to mycobacterium as it inhibits mycolic acid synthesis
100
ethambutol
antibiotic
specific to actively growing mycobacterium
?MoA
101
pyrazinamide
antibiotic
only effective against TB
multiple MoA
102
salbutamol
SABAgonist
103
salmeterol
LABAgonist
104
budesonide
ICS
105
montelukast
leukotriene receptor antagonist
106
ipratropium
anticholinergic bronchodilator
107
verapamil
```
class IV anti-arrhythmic
voltage gated calcium channel inhibitor
```
108
diltiazem
calcium channel inhibitor
| antihypertensive and anti-anginal
109
atenolol / propranolol / bisoprolol / betaxolol
beta adrenergic antagonist
110
atropine
antimuscarinic
| inhibits M2 ACh receptor
111
GTN
vasodilator
112
amiodarone
```
anti-anginal and class III anti-arrhythmic
potassium channel blocker
```
113
adenosine
endogenous nucleoside
| restores sinus rhythm in PSVT
114
methylxanthines e.g. caffeine, theophylline
adenosine antagonists
115
lidocaine
```
anaesthetic and class Ib anti-arrhythmic
blocks voltage-sensitive sodium channels
```
116
chlorpromazine
psychotropic, sedative, antiemetic
| antagonises D1-4, 5HT1-2, H1, alpha receptors and M1-2 cholinergic receptors
117
allopurinol
xanthine oxidase inhibitor
118
diphenoxylate / loperamide
antidiarrhoeal
| mu opioid agonist
119
kaolin
antidiarrhoeal
| a form of aluminium silicate: draws water from the bowel
120
isphagula husk
bulk-forming laxative
121
lactulose
osmotic laxative
122
ocreotide
somatostatin receptor agonist
123
bisacodyl
stimulant laxative
124
docusate sodium
stimulant / detergent laxative
125
hydrocortisone / cortisol / betamethasone / beclometasone
glucocorticoid
126
fludrocortisone
mineralocorticoid
