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Psychiatry > Pharmacology > Flashcards

Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

What drugs can pass the blood brain barrier?

A
  • lipohphillic

- hydrophobic

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2
Q

Usages of antidepressants?

A
  • moderate to severe depression
  • dysthmia
  • generalised anxiety disorder
  • panic disorder
  • bulimia nervosa
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3
Q

Name the monoamines?

A
  • dopamine
  • seratonin
  • noradrenaline
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4
Q

Rostal nuclei responsible for?

A
  • mood
  • sleep
  • feeding
  • behaviour
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5
Q

Caudal raphe responsible for?

A
  • analgesia
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6
Q

CSF in depressed people?

A
  • reduced monoamines
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7
Q

How do monoamine oxidase inhibitors work?

A
  • irreversible or reversible inhibitors of MAO-A and B

- prevent breakdown of monoamines and thus increases concentration

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8
Q

Side effects of monoamine oxidase inhibitors?

A
  • cheese crisis = hypertension
  • insomina
  • postural hypotension
  • peripheral oedema
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9
Q

Classic SSRI side effect?

A
  • nausea

- also: headache, increased anxiety, increased self harm

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10
Q

Which tricyclic is cardiotoxic?

A
  • imipramine
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11
Q

What can lithium be used as?

A
  • mood stabliser

- blocks phosphatidylinositol pathweay

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12
Q

What monitoring must be down for lithium treatment?

A
  • 12hr post dose leve

- target 0.4-1

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13
Q

Side effects of lithium?

A
  • dry mouth
  • ploydipsia
  • tremor
  • hypothyroidism
  • reduced renal function
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14
Q

Where is lithium metabolised?

A
  • ISNT metabolised as it is an element

- renally excreted

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15
Q

Side effects of lithium?

A
  • dry mouth
  • polydipsia
  • tremor
  • hypothyroidism
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16
Q

Toxic side effects of lithium?

A
  • coma
  • convulsions
  • nausea and diarrhoea
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17
Q

Example of a anti-convulsant that can be used as a mood stabiliser?

A
  • valporic acid
  • lamotrigiene
  • carbamazepine
18
Q

Side effects of valproate and carbamazepine

A
  • drowsiness
  • ataxia
  • cardiovascular
  • valproate = teratogenic
19
Q

Examples of antipsychotic medications?

A
  • quetiapine
  • aripiprazole
  • olanzapine
20
Q

Side effects of antipsychotics

A
  • weight gain

- sedation

21
Q

Where do benzodiazepines work?

A
  • GABA A receptor
  • allosteric effect
  • causes membrane hyperpolarisation (Cl- entry)
22
Q

Side effects of long term benzodiazepines?

A
  • sedation and psychomotor impairment
  • withdrawal problems
  • dependency and abuse
23
Q

Drugs used for the treatment of anxiety?

A
  • antidepressants
  • benzodiazepines
  • buspirone
  • pregabalin
  • b blockers
24
Q

What region of the brain integrates sensory and cognitive information in fear?

A
  • amygdala
25
Q

Where does the effect of fear arise?

A
  • anterior cingulate cortex
26
Q

The avoidance behaviour associated with fear arises where?

A
  • periaqueductal grey
27
Q

The autonomic symptoms of increased HR and BP associated with fear arise where?

A
  • locus coeruleus
28
Q

Re-experiencing of fear arises where?

A
  • the hippocampus
29
Q

Name some examples of benzodiazepines?

A
  • lorazepam

- diazepam

30
Q

Symptoms of benzodiazepine withdrawal?

A
  • nausea
  • cramps
  • confusion
  • psychosis
31
Q

What does serotonin innervate?

A
  • innervates the amygdala

- amygdala responsible for integration of sensory and cognitive information in fear

32
Q

How long may an SSRI take to help depression?

A
  • 4-6weeks
33
Q

How long might an SSRI take to help anxiety?

A
  • 12 weeks

- majority see benefit within 4 weeks

34
Q

Treatment of panic disorder - 1st line and up?

A
  • Self help
  • CBT
  • SSRI
  • TCA
35
Q

Treatment of OCD 1st line and up?

A
  • self help
  • CBT
  • ERP (Exposure response prevention)
  • SSRI + CBT
  • TCA
36
Q

PTSD treatment ladder

A
  • CBT
  • EMDR
  • limited drug effect, praxosin in sleep, SSRI for depression
37
Q

Treatment ladder of GAD?

A
  • Psychoeducation
  • CBT
  • SSRI
  • Short term benzodiazepines
  • SNRI
  • Pregabalin
38
Q

Side effects of cholinesterase inhibitors?

A
  • nausea
  • diarrhoea
  • headaches
  • muscle cramps
39
Q

Drugs used for dementia?

A
  • Alzheimer’s - cholinesterase inhibitors (donepezil, rivastigimine)
  • memantine (NMDA antagonist)
40
Q

Side effects of memantine?

A
  • hypertension
  • sedation
  • dizziness

Psychiatry (6 decks)

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