Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

neet pg > Pharmacology > Flashcards

Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

Hematopoetic growth factor for RBC

A

Erythropoetin
+epoetin
+ darbopoetin

With anemia due to chronic renal failure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Hematopoetic growth factor (WBC G.CSF)

A

Filgastrin, pegfilgrastin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Hematopoetic growth factor (WBC GM.CSF)

A

Sargramostin, molgramostin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Hematopoetic growth( platelet) for chemo therapy induced thrombocytopenia

A

IL ll

Oprelvekin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Hematopoetic growth( platelet) thrombopoetin analogue

A

Romiplostin

Eltromopag

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Anti platelet drug

Cox inhibitors

A

Aspirin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q 
Antiplatelet drug
PDE inhibitor (phosphodiesterase 3)
A

Dipyridamol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

ADP (P2Y12) Inhibitor

A

Reversible= TICAGRELOR, CANGRELOR

Irreversible= TICLOPIDINE, CLOPIDOGREL, PRASUGREL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Gp llb/llla inhibitor

A

ABCIXIMAB, TIROFIBAN, EPTIFIBATIDE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

PAR1 Aantagonist

A

ETOPAXAR, VORAPAXER

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Adverse effect of Ticlopidine

A

Severe neutropenia, thrombocytopenia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Which haematopoietic growth factor “peptibodies”

A

ROMIPLOSTIM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Oral anticoagulants

A

Vitamin K antagonist
Factor XA antagonist
Direct thrombin inhibitor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Vitamin K antagonist

A

Warfarin
Dicumarol
Phenidione

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

F-XA Antagonist

A

RIVAROXABAN

APIXABAN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Direct thrombin inhibitor better

A

XIMELAGATRAN
DABIGATRAN
ETEXILATE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Parenteral anticoagulant

A

Hirudin
Lepirudin
Bivalurudin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Indirect thrombin inhibitor ( parental anticoagulants)

A

Unfractionated heparin
Low molecular weight heparin
IDRAPARINUX, FONDAPARINUX

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Mechanism of action of warfarin

A

Warfarin blocks VKOR that is vitamin kepoxide reductase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Factor seven of clotting factor has half life of

A

Six hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Half life of fact or ll of clotting factor

A

60 hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

internationalise normalised ratio is

A

Prothrombin time of patient / prothrombin time of reference

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Is heparin safe in pregnancy

A

Yes.it doesn’t cross the placenta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Drug of choice in heparin overdose

A

PROTAMINE SULFATE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Haemorrhage occurring secondary to heparin therapy is treated by
Whole blood
26
Antibiotic that decreases ferrous absorption is
Tetracycline
27
Iron preparation that can be given i.v.
Iron dextran
28
Hydroxy Ethyl starch is a
Plasma expander
29
Drug of choice in iron deficiency anaemia
Ferrous sulphate
30
Drug of choice in anaemia due to chronic kidney disease
Erythropoetin
31
Drug of choice in acute iron poisoning
DESFERROXAMINE
32
Drug of choice in chronic Iron poisoning
DEFERPIRONE
33
Drug of choice in DVT for prophylaxis
Warfarin
34
Drug of choice in DVT for initial therapy
Warfarin and low molecular weight heparin
35
Drug of choice in pulmonary embolism
Low molecular weight heparin
36
Drug of choice in myocardial infarction
Aspirin for prophylaxis | Thrombolytic for acute STEMI
37
Rapidly acting insulin
Lispro Apart Glulisin
38
Short acting insulin
Regular insulin | Semi lente
39
Intermediate acting insulin
NPH Isophane Lente
40
Long acting Insulin
Ultra Lente Glargine Degludec Detimir
41
Glucagon like peptide
Exenatide | Livaglutide
42
Sulfonyl ureas 1st generation
Chlorpropamide | Tolbutamide
43
Sulfonyl ureas 2nd generation
Glibenclamide Glicazide Glipizide
44
Meglitinides
Repaglinide | NateGlinide
45
Biguanides
Metformin
46
Function an adverse affect of metformin
It activates Adenosine mono phosphate kinase A/E Lactic acidosis Megaloblastic anaemia
47
Thiazoledinediones
Pioglitazone | Rosiglitazone
48
Alpha glucosidase inhibitors
Acarbose | Miglitol
49
D2 agonist
Bromocriptine
50
DPP4 inhibitors ( dipeptidyl peptidase)
Sitagliptin vildagliptin Saxagliptin
51
SGLT 2 inhibitors
Dapagliflozin | Canagliflozin
52
Mechanism of action of Metformin
Activates AMPK (adenosin mono phosphate kinase) Induces glycolysis Gluconeogenesis decrease Decreased glycogenolysis
53
Adverse effect of metformin
Lactic acidosis | Megaloblastic aneamia
54
Mechanism of action of Thiozolidinediones
Activates receptor PPAR Gamma (Peroxisomes proliferator activated receptor gamma) Increases cholesterol levels( rosigitazone)
55
Alpha glucosidase inhibitors mechanism of action
Inhibits conversion of complex carbohydrate to simple carbohydrates. Absorption is inhibited Adverse effect : flatulence
56
D2 agonist mechanism of action
Alters insulin resistance
57
DPP4 Inhibitors mechanism of action
Inhibit breakdown of GLP
58
SGLT 2 inhibitors mechanism of action
Inhibits glucose absorption A/E increased UTI
59
Treatment for acute gout
1. NSAIDS 2. Steroid 3. Colchicine (most rapidly acting), (A/E : Diarrhoea, renal impairment)
60
Treatment for chronic gout
Allopurinol (purine) | Febuxostat( non purine)
61
Drugs that increase excretion of uric acid
Probenecid Sulfinpyrazone Benzbromarone Lesinurad
62
Drugs that increase metabolism of uric acid
Rasburicase | Pegloticase
63
Treatment of parkinsonism
1. Dopa decarboxylase: carbidopa, benserazide 2. MAO-B inhibitors: selegeline, rasagiline 3. COMT inhibitors: Entacapone, Tolcapone
64
Drugs acting on receptors of dopamine for Parkinsonism
Ergot derivative: Bromocriptine, pergolide ( stopped because causes gangrene and digital spasm) Non ergot derivative: pramipexole, Ropimirole
65
Antitusives
1. Opioid: codiene, pholcodiene 2. Non opioid: Noscapine, Dextromethorphan 3. Peripheral acting: prenoxdiazine
66
Expectorant
Guafenesin | KI
67
Mucolytics
Ambroxol | Bromohexine
68
Drugs for bronchial asthma
Anti IgE: Omalizumab Mast cell stabilisers: Na chromoglycate, nedocromil, ketotifen LT receptor antagonist: Montelukast, Zafirlukast
69
5- LOX pathway blocker
Zileuton
70
Bronchodilator (Beta agonist)
1. Short acting: Salbutamol, Terbutaline | 2. Long acting: Salmeterol, Formetrol
71
Bronchodilator ( anti cholinergic)
Ipratropium | Tiatropium
72
Bronchodilator ( Methylxanthine)
Caffeine Theophylin Amylophylin Theobromin
73
Bronchodilator ( Beta agonist A/E)
``` Hyperglycaemia Hypokalaemia Muscle tremors Palpitations Tolerance ```
74
Drugs of choice for Asthma
Acute: salbutamol Prophylactic: corticosteroids
75
Drugs for status asthmaticus
1. Hydrocortisone hemisuccinate 100mg iv stat followed by 100-200mg 4-8hourly infusion 2. Nebulised salbutamol + Ipratropium bromide 3. High flow humidified oxygen inhalation
76
Mepolizumab Reslizumab
Against IL-5
77
Inhaled corticosteroids
Beclomethasone Budesonide Cyclesonide( soft steroid)
78
Systemic antacids
Na bicarbonate
79
Local antacids
Gelosel/ Digene ( Al and Mg salts) | Simethicone ( Antifoaming agent)
80
Drugs that decrease acid secretion
PPI H2 blocker Anticholinergic Competitive K+ blocker
81
PPI
Omeprazole Pantoprazole Rabeprazole Lansopeazole
82
PPI are substrate of
CYP2C19 | CYP3A4 EXCEPT RABEPRAZOLE
83
Active moiety of PPI
Sulfenamide(acts for 24to 48hours)
84
Adverse effects of PPI
Decrease B12 absorption Decrease Ca2+absorption Can cause pnuemonia Increases amount of Cl. Difficile bacteria
85
Fastest acting PPI
Rabeprazole
86
Most potent PPI
Lanoprazole
87
H2 receptor blocker
Cimetidine | Famotidine (most potent)
88
Adverse effects of cimetidine
Can cross BBB Inhibit metabolism of ESTRADIOL & LACTOSE Can cause impotence
89
Anticholinergic for increased acid secretion
M1 receptor blocker- Pirenzepine, Telenzepine
90
Competetive K+ blocker
Vonoprazan | Revaparazan
91
Prostaglandins as anti ulcer drugs
Misoprostol (PGE1 analogue for NSAIDS INDUCED PEPTIC ULCER7 Emprostil Rioprostil
92
Ulcer protective drugs
Sucralfate (Active at ph 4) | Colloidal bismuth subcitrate (CBS)
93
Adverse effect of CBS
Black tongue | Bismuth toxicity causing encephalopathy
94
Ulcer healing drugs
Carbenoloxone
95
Adverse effects of carbenoloxone
It displaces aldosterone from proton binding site: Hypertension Na & water retention Hypokalaemia
96
Anti helicobactor pylori drugs
C: clarithromycin 500mg A: amoxicillin 1000mg or METRONIDAZOLE 500mg P:PPI (LANSOPRAZOLE) 30mg BD for 14days
97
5HT3 Antagonist for anti emetic
Ondasetrone Palanosetrone Granicetrone
98
Anti histaminic H1 for antiemetic
Promethazine Diphenhydramine Doxylamine (in morning sickness) Meclozine (sea sickness)
99
D2 antagonist for antiemtic
Chlorpromazine | Triflupromazine
100
NK1 receptor antagonist for antiemetic
Aprepitant | Forapprepitant
101
Cannabinoid receptor antagonist
Dronabinol
102
Muscarinic receptor anatagonist for antiemetic
Hyosine (scopalamine) for motion sickness | Dicyclomine
103
Prokinetic drugs
Act on 5HT4 receptor through Ach. 1. Metoclopramide 2. Domperidone 3. Cisapride 4. Mosapride
104
DOC for motion sickness
Hyosine | Promethazine
105
Drug of choice for morning sickness
Doxylamine + vit B6
106
Radiation (CINV)
5HT3 Antagonist
107
Severe vomiting with cisplatin
Aprepitant if after 2-3 days | 5HT3Antagonist for immediate vomiting
108
Drug for post operative
5HT3 Antagonist
109
For GERD
Metoclopramide
110
Adverse effects of metoclopramide
Muscular dystonia | Galactorhoea
111
For ulcerative colitis
5ASA derivative (sulfasalazine)
112
Hepatic encephalopathy ( too much NH3 production)
Lactulose (decreases NH3 production)
113
Peptic ulcer drug of choice
PPI
114
H. Pylori drug of choice
CAP
115
ZES drug of choice
PPI
116
GERD drug of choice
PPI
117
Levadopa induced vomiting
Domperidone
118
Migraine associated vomiting
Meoclopramide
119
Drug or disease associated vomiting
Metocloparmide
120
Chronic use of laxative can cause
Hypokalaemia
121
High efficacy diuretics. (They block Na/K/Cl pump in ALH)
Furesamide Bumitanide Toresamide
122
Medium efficacy diuretics ( They block Na/Cl pump in early distal tubule)
1. Thiazide: hydrocholothiazide, Benzthiazide | 2. Thiazide like: Chlorthilodone, Xipamide, Indapamide, Metolazone
123
Weak diuretics
1. Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors 2. K+ sparing 3. Osmotic diuretics
124
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor
Acetazolamide
125
K+ sparing
Aldosterone antagonist: Spironoactone, Epleronone | Renal epithelial Na channel: Amiloride, Triamterene
126
Osmotic diuretic
Mannitol Glycerol Isosorbide
127
ACE Inhibitors
Captopril Enalapril Lisinopril
128
Angiotensin receptor blocker
Losartan Candisartan Valsartan
129
Alpha blocker for hypertension
Prazosin | Terazosin
130
Alpha + Beta blocker for hypertension
Labetalol | Carvedilol
131
Ca2+ channel blocker
Verapamil Nifidipine Diazepam
132
Central sympatholytics
Chlonidine | Methyldopa
133
Vasodilator dor hypertension
Arteriolar: Hydralazine, Minoxidil, Diazoxide | Arteriolar and venous: Na nitropruside
134
Anti anginal drugs
``` Nitrates Beta blockers Ca2+ channel blocker K+ channel opener pFOX Inhibitors (partial fatty acid oxidation-inhibitor) Na+ channel blocker ```
135
Nitrates
Short acting: GTN | Long acting: isosorbide dinitrate,isosorbide mononitrate
136
K+ channel opener
Nicorandil
137
pFOX inhibitor ( partial fatty acid oxidation inhibitor
Trimetazidine
138
Na+ channel blocker for anti angina drug
Ramolazine | Ivabradine (bradycardic drug)
139
Anti arrhythmic drugs
Class 1: Na channel blocker Class 2: Beta blocker Class 3: K+ channel blocker (WIDEN THE ACTION POTENTIAL) Class 4: Ca2+ channel blocker Class 5: Miscellaneous = ADENOSIN, Mg, DIGOXINE
140
Class 1 drug
``` 1a = moderate decrease in 0 phase eg. Quinidine, procainamide 1b = little decrease in the 0 phase eg. Lidocaine, Mexilitine 1c = marked decrease in 0 phase eg. propafenone, Flicanide, Encanide ```
141
Class 3 anti arrhythmic drugs (BInDAS)
``` Bretylium Ibutilide Dofetilide Amiodarone Sotalol ```
142
Mechanism of action of DIGOXIN
Digitalis blocks Na+/K+ ATPase.
143
Gp41 inhibitor
Enfuvirtide
144
CCR5 inhibitor
Maraviroc
145
Reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI nucleoside)
``` Zidovudine Stavudine Lamivudine Zalcitabine Didanosine Abacavir Emtricitabine ```
146
Reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI NUCLEOTIDE)
Tenofovir
147
NNRTI
Efavirenz Neviripine Etravirine
148
Integrase inhibitor
Raltagravir Elvitagravir Dolutigravir
149
Protease inhi
Saquinavir Ritonavir Nelfinavir Indinavir
150
Anti retroviral therapy
2NRTI + 1NNRTI
151
All anti tubercular drugs are bactericidal except
Ethambutol
152
Isoniazid blocks the enzyme
Ketoenolreductase( responsible for mycolic acid production) Isoniazid is activated by catalase peroxidase
153
Adverse effects of Isoniazid
1. Peripheral neuritis( treatment is pyridoxin 10mg/day) If patient has already developed peripheral neuritis 100mg/day 2. Hepatotoxicity 3. Acts on extracellular and intracellular bacilli
154
Mechanism of action of RIFAMPIN
Blocks the enzyme DNA dependent RNA polymerase * Goes enterohepatic circulation therefore can be given to renal patients * Least toxic among all * best for bacteria in caseous necrosis * acts on both intracellular and extra cellular bacs.
155
Pyrazinamide acts against
Intracellular bacterias
156
Mechanism of action of PYRAZINAMIDE
Blocks the formation of mycolic acid. * most active in areas of inflammation or when pH is low * used for 1st 2 or 3 months of therapy
157
Mechanism of action of ETHAMBULTOL
Blocks ARABINOCYL TRANSFERASES
158
Adverse effect of ethambutol
Optic neuritis( avoided in children below 5years)
159
Ethambutol active against
Intracellualr and extracellular bacteria
160
Streptomycin against
Extracellular bacteria, It’s injectable It’s NOT hepatotoxic
161
Class 1 TB drugs
First line oral TB drugs, anti TB
162
Class2 TB drugs
Injectable. Amikacin Streptokinase Kanamycin
163
Class 3 TB drugs
Fluroquinolones. Eg. Levofloxacin Moxifloxacin
164
Class 4 TB drugs
Oral bacteriostatic, more adverse effects eg. PAS Cycloserine Ethionamide
165
Class 5 TB drugs
Uncertain efficacy eg. Augmentin, clarithromycin
166
Regime for TB
Category 1: 2HRZE + 4HR Category 2 : 2HRZES + 1HRZE
167
Anti leprotic drug
DAPSONE Rifampin Clofazimine
168
Adverse effect of death Dapsone
Gastrointestinal limitation | hemolysis in G6PD deficiency patient
169
Adverse effect of Clofazimine
Pigmentation of skin and GI irritation
170
Mechanism of action of clofazimine
It interferes with Template function of DNA
171
Regime of multi bacillary leprosy MBL
Rifampin 600 MG once a month supervised Clofazimine 300mg once a month supervised And 50 MG OD Dapsone 100mg OD. all for 12 months
172
Pauci bacillary leprosy PBL
Rifampin 600 mg once a month Supervised Dapsone 100mg OD all for 6 months
173
Drugs acting on cell walls Of fungus
Caspofungin | Nikkomycin
174
Drugs acting on cell membrane
Polyenes: Amphitericin B, Nystatin Azoles: 1. Triazoles= FLUCONAZOLE, ITRACONAZOLE, VAROCONAZOLE 2. Imidazoles= .ketoconazoles, miconazole, clotrimazole Terbinafen
175
Drugs on microtubules (anti fungal)
Griseofulvin
176
Drugs that act on nucleic acid (anti-fungal)
5 – FLUCYTOSINE
177
5-flucytosine DOC For
Candidiasis Cryptococcosis Coccidiomycosis
178
Itraconazole used in
Blastomycosis Histoplasmosis Sporotricosis
179
Which drug has the widest spectrum among azoles
Variconazole for invasive aspergillosis
180
Drug for causal prophylaxis
Praguanil Pyrimethamine Primaquine
181
Drug for erythrocytic shizogony
Chloroquin Quinine Mepacrine Artimesimin derivative
182
Drug for radical cure
Primaquin
183
Drugs for gametocyte ( transmission phase)
Chloroquin Quinine Mepacrine
184
Treatment of uncoplicated Malaria
Chloroquine + Primaquine
185
Drug for P falciparum, P malariae
Artemesinin derivative + primaquine

neet pg (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions