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Pharmacological profiles Flashcards

1
Q

What classes of medications fall under psychotherapeutics?

A
  • Sedatives and hyponotics (barbiturates)
  • anti-anxiety drugs
  • Anti-depressants
  • Antipsychotics
  • CNS stimulants (amphetamines and anorexiants)
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2
Q

What are the classes of non-narcotic analgesics/anti-inflammatory/antipyretics?

A
  • Salicylates
  • Non-Salicylates
  • Nonsteroidal, anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS)
  • Urinary anesthetic/analgesic
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3
Q

What what class of medication could you use for sedation, management of tonic clonic, status epilepticus and partial seizures?

A

Sedatives and hyponotics (barbiturates)

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4
Q

What class of medication it is not recommended for a long-term use for treating insomnia?

A

Sedatives and hyponotics (barbiturates)

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5
Q

Ambien, Temazepam, Phenobarbital, Restoril, and Thiopental are trade names for what type of medications?

A

Sedatives and hyponotics (barbiturates)

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6
Q

What is a natural remedy alternative for a sedatives and hyponotics (barbiturates)?

A

Melatonin

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7
Q

How many classes of antianxiety drugs exist and what are they?

A
  • Benzodiazepines
  • Non-benzodiazepines
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8
Q

What is the time frame for withdrawal syndrome regarding benzodiazepines?

A
  • 4 to 6 weeks of therapy
  • Never discontinue abruptly do it over the course of 4 to 6 weeks
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9
Q

What are generic and trade names for benzodiazepines?

A
  • Alprazolam = Xanax
  • diazepam = Valium
  • lorazepam = Ativan
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10
Q

What are the six classes of antidepressants?

A
  • Tricyclic antidepressants (TCA)
  • Monamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOI)
  • Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI)
  • Serotonin neuropathy and uptake inhibitors (SNRIs)
  • Serotonin reuptake, inhibitors/antagonist
  • Dopamine/norepinephrine and uptake inhibitors
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11
Q

What class of antidepressants is considered the first line of treatment?

A

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)

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12
Q

What class of antidepressants assist with smoking cessation?

A

Dopamine/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (Bupropion-Wellbutrin)

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13
Q

What is a natural remedy for depression?

A

Saint John’s Wort
* Should NOT be taken with Antidepressants (can be Fatal!)

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14
Q

What class of medication is associated with the treatment of acute and chronic psychosis?

A

Antipsychotics

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15
Q

What are the types of antipsychotics?

A
  • Typical (first generation)
  • Atypical (second generation)
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16
Q

What are some examples of antipsychotics?

A
  • Haloperidol = Haldon ( first gen)
  • Prochlorperazine = Compazine (first gen)
  • Quetiapine = Seroquel (second gen)
  • Olanzapine = Zyprexa (second gen)
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17
Q

What are some types of central nervous system stimulants?

A

Amphetamines and Anorexiants.

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18
Q

What are CNS stimulants used for?

A

Treatment of narcolepsy and management of ADHD.

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19
Q

What medication is used to decrease the incident in severity of seizures of various types?

A

Anticonvulsants

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20
Q

What is the generic and trade names for non-benzodiazepines?

A

Buspirone Hydrochloride = Bu Spar
Hydroxyzine = Atarax
Seraltline (SSRI) = Zoloft
Paroxetine (SSRI) = Paxil

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21
Q

Dry mouth, hypotension, photophobia, sedation, photosensitivity, and headache describes what type of adverse effect?

A

Anticholinergic effect

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22
Q

What type of benzodiazepines are used to break seizures?

A

Diazepam = Valium
Lorazepam = Ativan
Midszolam = Versed
Clonazepam = Klonopin

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23
Q

What class of medication is associated with treatment for vertigo and prophylaxis for nausea and vomiting treatment?

A

Antimetics

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24
Q

What are some examples of generic and brand names associated with antiemetics?

A
  • Prochlorperazine = Compazine
  • chlorpromazine = Thorazine
  • Metoclopramide = Reglan
  • Ondansetron = Zofran,
  • prochlorperazine = Compazine
  • promethazine = Phenergan
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25
What are some anti-vertigo medications?
* Meclizine (anti-vertigo) = Antivert * diphenhydramine = Benadryl, * benzodiazepines = Ativan, Valium
26
What is the difference between an aesthetic analgesic?
Anesthetics seek to remove the feeling or sensation, while analgesic alleviates pain from the patient.
27
How long is the anesthetic affect of ketamine?
3-4 minutes
28
What are some examples of an anesthetics?
* Lidocaine = Xylocaine (local anesthesia) * Bupivacaine = Marcaine (local anesthesia) * Ketamine= Ketalar (induction of general anesthesia) * Propofol * Etomidate
29
What are some classes of non-narcotic analgesics/anti-inflammatories/antipyretics?
* Salicylate * Non-salicylate * Nonsteroidal, anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS) * Urinary analgesics
30
What are the usages for Salicylates?
* Relief of mild to moderate pain * Reduction of body temperature * Inflammatory conditions * Decrease risk of MI * Prevention and treatment of blood clots
31
Examples of Salicylates
Aspirin
32
Non-salicylate examples
* Acetaminophen = Tylenol * Benzocaine-menthol = Cepacol
33
Examples of NSAIDs
Ibuprofen = Motrin, Advil ketorolac= Toradol Naproxen= Aleve, Naprosyn Meloxicam= Mobic Indomethacin= Indocin
34
What NSAID is the first line of treatment for gout?
Indomethacin
35
What analgesic is used to treat pain associated with a UTI?
Phenazopyridine = Pyridium
36
What are some examples of opiate agonists?
* Codeine: Codeine * Fentanyl: Sublimaze * Hydromorphone: Dilaudid * Methadone: Dolophine * Morphine sulfate: MS Contin * Oxycodone: OxyContin * Hydrocodone: Norco, Lortab, and Vicodin
37
What is a narcotic antagonist used for?
To reverse an overdose of a narcotic.
38
What is an example of a narcotic antagonist?
Naloxone: Narcan
39
What are Antihistamines used for?
* Allergies * allergic reactions * sedations * Gastric acid conditions * May also help with the relief of Parkinson-like reactions
40
Orange -reddish colored urine is the side effects of what type of medication?
Pyridium
41
Aspirin is what type of non-opioid analgesic?
Salicylate and NSAID
42
Pyridium dosage
100 mg TID for 5 days as needed for dysuria
43
Examples of Generation 1 Antihistamines
* Diphenhydramine: Benadryl * Hydroxyzine: Atarax * Promethazine: Phenergan
44
2nd Generation Antihistamines examples
* Cetirizine HCL: Zyrtec * Fexofenadine: Allegra * Loratadine: Claritin
45
Decongestant use
* Common cold * hay fever * upper respiratory allergies * sinus congestion * pressure
46
Examples of decongestants
* Oxymetazoline HCL: Afrin * Pseudoephedrine: Sudafed * Phenylephrine (Nasal/Ophthalmic Decongestant)
47
Beta² Agonists use
Reversible Airway Obstruction caused by bronchial spasms.
48
Examples of Beta² Agonists
* Albuterol sulfate: Proventil, Ventolin, ProAir * Levalbuterol HCL: Xopenex
49
Muscarinic Antagonists use
Symptomatic relief or prevention of bronchial asthma and the management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
50
Muscarinic Antagonists examples
* Ipratropium: Atrovent * Tiotropium: Spiriva
51
Adverse Effects of anticholinergics
* Drowsiness or sedation /Flushed face (Red as beet). * Blurred vision/mydriasis (Blind as Bat). * Urinary retention (Stuffed as a pipe). * Confusion or delirium (Mad as a hatter). * Hallucinations (Mad as a hatter) * Increased heart rate/Increased body temperature (Hot as a hare) * Dry mouth ( Dry as Bone)
52
Leukotriene Antagonist and Mast Cell Stabilizers usages
* Treatment of Asthma * Treatment of COPD
53
Leukotriene Antagonist and Mast Cell Stabilizers examples
* Montelukast: Singular * Cromolyn: Nasalcrom
54
Inhaled Corticosteroids use
* Larger doses are usually used for their anti-inflammatory, immunosuppressive, or antineoplastic activity.
55
Inhaled Corticosteroids examples
* Budesonide: Pulmicort * Fluticasone: Flovent
56
Inhaled Corticosteroids usages
Inhaled : asthma Internasal & ophthalmic: management of chronic allergic and inflammatory conditions * Larger doses are usually used for their anti-inflammatory, immunosuppressive, or antineoplastic activity.
57
Antitussives use
Relieves, a non-productive cough * sometimes with a productive cough
58
Antitussives examples
* Codeine sulfate * Benzonatate: Tessalon Perles * Dextromethorphan
59
How do a Mucolytic and expectorants work?
Loosens Mobilize thick mucus from respiratory system
60
Mucolytic use
Bronchopulmonary diseases
61
Expectorant use
Common cold * Loosen and mobilize thick mucus from respiratory system.
62
Mucolytic examples
Acetylcysteine: Mucomyst
63
Expectorant examples
Guaifenesin: Tussin, Mucinex
64
Antiarrhythmic use
Treats cardiac arrhythmias Such as * Premature ventricular contractions * Tachycardia * Premature artial contractions * Ventricular dysrhythmias * Artial fibrillation and artial flutter
65
Example of calcium channel blockers
* Verapamil: Calan, Verelan * Diltiazem: Cardizem, Tiazac * Adenosine: Adenocard, Adenoscan * Atropine: AtroPen
66
Nitrates use
Angina pectoris
67
Examples of antianginal
Nitroglycerin: Nitrogard (NTG)
68
Antihypertensives classes
* ACE inhibitors/Angiotensin II antagonists (ARBs) * Diuretics * Calcium channel blockers * Beta blockers
69
ACE-inhibitor examples
* Lisinopril: Zestril, Prinivil * Captopril: Capoten * Enalapril: Vasotec * Ramipril: Altace
70
ARB-inhibitors examples
Losartan: Cozaar Telmisartan: Micardis
71
Calcium Channel Blockers categories
* Dihydropyridines * Non-Dihydropyridines
72
Dihydropyridines examples
* Nifedipine: Procardia, Adalat * Felodipine: Plendil * Nicardipine: Cardene * Amlodipine: Norvasc
73
Non-dihydropyridines examples
Verapamil: Calan, Verelan Diltiazem: Cardizem, Tiazac
74
End with – “pril
All ace inhibitors
75
Beta Blockers examples
Metoprolol: Lopressor Propanolol: Inderal Atenolol: Tenormin Labetalol: Trandate
76
Ends with -olol
Beta Blockers
77
Diuretics types
Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor Loop Diuretics Osmotic Diuretics Potassium Sparing Thiazide
78
Examples of Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors
Acetazolamide: Diamox
79
Loop diuretics examples
Furosemide: Lasix Bumetanide: Bumex
80
Osmotic diuretics examples
Mannitol: Osmitrol
81
Potassium sparing diuretics examples
Spironolactone: Aldactone Eplerenone: Inspira
82
Thiazide diuretics examples
Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) Chlorthalidone
83
Hyperlipidemia examples
* Atorvastatin: Lipitor * Simvastatin: Zocor * Cholestyramine: Questran * Colestipol: Colestid * Colesevelam: Welchol * Fenofibrate: Tricor

Pharmacology (4 decks)

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