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Pharmacology > Pharmacological profiles > Flashcards

Pharmacological profiles Flashcards

1
Q

What classes of medications fall under psychotherapeutics?

A
  • Sedatives and hyponotics (barbiturates)
  • anti-anxiety drugs
  • Anti-depressants
  • Antipsychotics
  • CNS stimulants (amphetamines and anorexiants)
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2
Q

What are the classes of non-narcotic analgesics/anti-inflammatory/antipyretics?

A
  • Salicylates
  • Non-Salicylates
  • Nonsteroidal, anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS)
  • Urinary anesthetic/analgesic
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3
Q

What what class of medication could you use for sedation, management of tonic clonic, status epilepticus and partial seizures?

A

Sedatives and hyponotics (barbiturates)

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4
Q

What class of medication it is not recommended for a long-term use for treating insomnia?

A

Sedatives and hyponotics (barbiturates)

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5
Q

Ambien, Temazepam, Phenobarbital, Restoril, and Thiopental are trade names for what type of medications?

A

Sedatives and hyponotics (barbiturates)

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6
Q

What is a natural remedy alternative for a sedatives and hyponotics (barbiturates)?

A

Melatonin

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7
Q

How many classes of antianxiety drugs exist and what are they?

A
  • Benzodiazepines
  • Non-benzodiazepines
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8
Q

What is the time frame for withdrawal syndrome regarding benzodiazepines?

A
  • 4 to 6 weeks of therapy
  • Never discontinue abruptly do it over the course of 4 to 6 weeks
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9
Q

What are generic and trade names for benzodiazepines?

A
  • Alprazolam = Xanax
  • diazepam = Valium
  • lorazepam = Ativan
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10
Q

What are the six classes of antidepressants?

A
  • Tricyclic antidepressants (TCA)
  • Monamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOI)
  • Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI)
  • Serotonin neuropathy and uptake inhibitors (SNRIs)
  • Serotonin reuptake, inhibitors/antagonist
  • Dopamine/norepinephrine and uptake inhibitors
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11
Q

What class of antidepressants is considered the first line of treatment?

A

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)

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12
Q

What class of antidepressants assist with smoking cessation?

A

Dopamine/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (Bupropion-Wellbutrin)

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13
Q

What is a natural remedy for depression?

A

Saint John’s Wort
* Should NOT be taken with Antidepressants (can be Fatal!)

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14
Q

What class of medication is associated with the treatment of acute and chronic psychosis?

A

Antipsychotics

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15
Q

What are the types of antipsychotics?

A
  • Typical (first generation)
  • Atypical (second generation)
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16
Q

What are some examples of antipsychotics?

A
  • Haloperidol = Haldon ( first gen)
  • Prochlorperazine = Compazine (first gen)
  • Quetiapine = Seroquel (second gen)
  • Olanzapine = Zyprexa (second gen)
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17
Q

What are some types of central nervous system stimulants?

A

Amphetamines and Anorexiants.

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18
Q

What are CNS stimulants used for?

A

Treatment of narcolepsy and management of ADHD.

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19
Q

What medication is used to decrease the incident in severity of seizures of various types?

A

Anticonvulsants

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20
Q

What is the generic and trade names for non-benzodiazepines?

A

Buspirone Hydrochloride = Bu Spar
Hydroxyzine = Atarax
Seraltline (SSRI) = Zoloft
Paroxetine (SSRI) = Paxil

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21
Q

Dry mouth, hypotension, photophobia, sedation, photosensitivity, and headache describes what type of adverse effect?

A

Anticholinergic effect

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22
Q

What type of benzodiazepines are used to break seizures?

A

Diazepam = Valium
Lorazepam = Ativan
Midszolam = Versed
Clonazepam = Klonopin

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23
Q

What class of medication is associated with treatment for vertigo and prophylaxis for nausea and vomiting treatment?

A

Antimetics

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24
Q

What are some examples of generic and brand names associated with antiemetics?

A
  • Prochlorperazine = Compazine
  • chlorpromazine = Thorazine
  • Metoclopramide = Reglan
  • Ondansetron = Zofran,
  • prochlorperazine = Compazine
  • promethazine = Phenergan
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25
Q

What are some anti-vertigo medications?

A
  • Meclizine (anti-vertigo) = Antivert
  • diphenhydramine = Benadryl,
  • benzodiazepines = Ativan, Valium
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26
Q

What is the difference between an aesthetic analgesic?

A

Anesthetics seek to remove the feeling or sensation, while analgesic alleviates pain from the patient.

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27
Q

How long is the anesthetic affect of ketamine?

A

3-4 minutes

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28
Q

What are some examples of an anesthetics?

A
  • Lidocaine = Xylocaine (local anesthesia)
  • Bupivacaine = Marcaine (local anesthesia)
  • Ketamine= Ketalar (induction of general anesthesia)
  • Propofol
  • Etomidate
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29
Q

What are some classes of non-narcotic analgesics/anti-inflammatories/antipyretics?

A
  • Salicylate
  • Non-salicylate
  • Nonsteroidal, anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS)
  • Urinary analgesics
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30
Q

What are the usages for Salicylates?

A
  • Relief of mild to moderate pain
  • Reduction of body temperature
  • Inflammatory conditions
  • Decrease risk of MI
  • Prevention and treatment of blood clots
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31
Q

Examples of Salicylates

A

Aspirin

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32
Q

Non-salicylate examples

A
  • Acetaminophen = Tylenol
  • Benzocaine-menthol = Cepacol
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33
Q

Examples of NSAIDs

A

Ibuprofen = Motrin, Advil
ketorolac= Toradol
Naproxen= Aleve, Naprosyn
Meloxicam= Mobic
Indomethacin= Indocin

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34
Q

What NSAID is the first line of treatment for gout?

A

Indomethacin

35
Q

What analgesic is used to treat pain associated with a UTI?

A

Phenazopyridine = Pyridium

36
Q

What are some examples of opiate agonists?

A
  • Codeine: Codeine
  • Fentanyl: Sublimaze
  • Hydromorphone: Dilaudid
  • Methadone: Dolophine
  • Morphine sulfate: MS Contin
  • Oxycodone: OxyContin
  • Hydrocodone: Norco, Lortab, and Vicodin
37
Q

What is a narcotic antagonist used for?

A

To reverse an overdose of a narcotic.

38
Q

What is an example of a narcotic antagonist?

A

Naloxone: Narcan

39
Q

What are Antihistamines used for?

A
  • Allergies
  • allergic reactions
  • sedations
  • Gastric acid conditions
  • May also help with the relief of Parkinson-like reactions
40
Q

Orange -reddish colored urine is the side effects of what type of medication?

A

Pyridium

41
Q

Aspirin is what type of non-opioid analgesic?

A

Salicylate and NSAID

42
Q

Pyridium dosage

A

100 mg TID for 5 days as needed for dysuria

43
Q

Examples of Generation 1 Antihistamines

A
  • Diphenhydramine: Benadryl
  • Hydroxyzine: Atarax
  • Promethazine: Phenergan
44
Q

2nd Generation Antihistamines examples

A
  • Cetirizine HCL: Zyrtec
  • Fexofenadine: Allegra
  • Loratadine: Claritin
45
Q

Decongestant use

A
  • Common cold
  • hay fever
  • upper respiratory allergies
  • sinus congestion
  • pressure
46
Q

Examples of decongestants

A
  • Oxymetazoline HCL: Afrin
  • Pseudoephedrine: Sudafed
  • Phenylephrine (Nasal/Ophthalmic Decongestant)
47
Q

Beta² Agonists use

A

Reversible Airway Obstruction caused by bronchial spasms.

48
Q

Examples of Beta² Agonists

A
  • Albuterol sulfate: Proventil, Ventolin, ProAir
  • Levalbuterol HCL: Xopenex
49
Q

Muscarinic Antagonists use

A

Symptomatic relief or prevention of bronchial asthma and the management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

50
Q

Muscarinic Antagonists examples

A
  • Ipratropium: Atrovent
  • Tiotropium: Spiriva
51
Q

Adverse Effects of anticholinergics

A
  • Drowsiness or sedation /Flushed face (Red as beet).
  • Blurred vision/mydriasis (Blind as Bat).
  • Urinary retention (Stuffed as a pipe).
  • Confusion or delirium (Mad as a hatter).
  • Hallucinations (Mad as a hatter)
  • Increased heart rate/Increased body temperature (Hot as a hare)
  • Dry mouth ( Dry as Bone)
52
Q

Leukotriene Antagonist and Mast Cell Stabilizers usages

A
  • Treatment of Asthma
  • Treatment of COPD
53
Q

Leukotriene Antagonist and Mast Cell Stabilizers examples

A
  • Montelukast: Singular
  • Cromolyn: Nasalcrom
54
Q

Inhaled Corticosteroids use

A
  • Larger doses are usually used for their anti-inflammatory, immunosuppressive, or antineoplastic activity.
55
Q

Inhaled Corticosteroids examples

A
  • Budesonide: Pulmicort
  • Fluticasone: Flovent
56
Q

Inhaled Corticosteroids usages

A

Inhaled : asthma
Internasal & ophthalmic: management of chronic allergic and inflammatory conditions
* Larger doses are usually used for their anti-inflammatory, immunosuppressive, or antineoplastic activity.

57
Q

Antitussives use

A

Relieves, a non-productive cough
* sometimes with a productive cough

58
Q

Antitussives examples

A
  • Codeine sulfate
  • Benzonatate: Tessalon Perles
  • Dextromethorphan
59
Q

How do a Mucolytic and expectorants work?

A

Loosens Mobilize thick mucus from respiratory system

60
Q

Mucolytic use

A

Bronchopulmonary diseases

61
Q

Expectorant use

A

Common cold
* Loosen and mobilize thick mucus from respiratory system.

62
Q

Mucolytic examples

A

Acetylcysteine: Mucomyst

63
Q

Expectorant examples

A

Guaifenesin: Tussin, Mucinex

64
Q

Antiarrhythmic use

A

Treats cardiac arrhythmias
Such as
* Premature ventricular contractions
* Tachycardia
* Premature artial contractions
* Ventricular dysrhythmias
* Artial fibrillation and artial flutter

65
Q

Example of calcium channel blockers

A
  • Verapamil: Calan, Verelan
  • Diltiazem: Cardizem, Tiazac
  • Adenosine: Adenocard, Adenoscan
  • Atropine: AtroPen
66
Q

Nitrates use

A

Angina pectoris

67
Q

Examples of antianginal

A

Nitroglycerin: Nitrogard (NTG)

68
Q

Antihypertensives classes

A
  • ACE inhibitors/Angiotensin II antagonists (ARBs)
  • Diuretics
  • Calcium channel blockers
  • Beta blockers
69
Q

ACE-inhibitor examples

A
  • Lisinopril: Zestril, Prinivil
  • Captopril: Capoten
  • Enalapril: Vasotec
  • Ramipril: Altace
70
Q

ARB-inhibitors examples

A

Losartan: Cozaar
Telmisartan: Micardis

71
Q

Calcium Channel Blockers categories

A
  • Dihydropyridines
  • Non-Dihydropyridines
72
Q

Dihydropyridines examples

A
  • Nifedipine: Procardia, Adalat
  • Felodipine: Plendil
  • Nicardipine: Cardene
  • Amlodipine: Norvasc
73
Q

Non-dihydropyridines examples

A

Verapamil: Calan, Verelan

Diltiazem: Cardizem, Tiazac

74
Q

End with – “pril

A

All ace inhibitors

75
Q

Beta Blockers examples

A

Metoprolol: Lopressor

Propanolol: Inderal

Atenolol: Tenormin

Labetalol: Trandate

76
Q

Ends with -olol

A

Beta Blockers

77
Q

Diuretics types

A

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor

Loop Diuretics

Osmotic Diuretics

Potassium Sparing

Thiazide

78
Q

Examples of Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors

A

Acetazolamide: Diamox

79
Q

Loop diuretics examples

A

Furosemide: Lasix

Bumetanide: Bumex

80
Q

Osmotic diuretics examples

A

Mannitol: Osmitrol

81
Q

Potassium sparing diuretics examples

A

Spironolactone: Aldactone

Eplerenone: Inspira

82
Q

Thiazide diuretics examples

A

Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ)

Chlorthalidone

83
Q

Hyperlipidemia examples

A
  • Atorvastatin: Lipitor
  • Simvastatin: Zocor
  • Cholestyramine: Questran
  • Colestipol: Colestid
  • Colesevelam: Welchol
  • Fenofibrate: Tricor

Pharmacology (4 decks)

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