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Pharmacy > Pharmacological Profiles > Flashcards

Pharmacological Profiles Flashcards

1
Q

how do Sedatives and Hypnotics work?

A

Depresses the sensory cortex, decrease motor activity and Alter Cerebellar function

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2
Q

what are the adverse effects of sedatives and hypnotics?

A
  • somnolence
  • Hypoventilation
  • Dependence with long-term use
  • nausea
  • bradycardia
  • nightmares
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3
Q

what is a contraindication for sedatives and hypnotics?

A
  • Hepatic impairment

- dyspnea and airway obstruction

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4
Q

examples of sedatives and hypnotics:

A
  • phenobarbital

- thiopental

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5
Q

two types of antianxiety drugs:

A
  • Benzos (short term use)

- non-benzos

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6
Q

Action of a benzo:

A

bind to specific benzodiazepine receptors in the GABA receptor complex

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7
Q

Acton of a non-benzo

A

act on the brains serotonin and dopamine receptor

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8
Q

what type of antianxiety drug is used for short term or intermittent use?

A

Benzodiazepines

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9
Q

what are some adverse effects of benzos?

A
  • withdrawal after as little as 4-6 weeks of therapy
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10
Q

what are some S/S of benzo withdrawal?

A
  • headache
  • fatigue
  • metallic taste
  • numbness in extremities
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11
Q

what are some examples of Benzos?

A
  • Alprazolam
  • Diazepam
  • Lorazepam
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12
Q

Examples of non-benzo antianxiety?

A
  • buspirone Hydrochloride
  • Hydroxyzine
  • Setraline
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13
Q

what are the types of anti depressants?

A
  • Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCAs)
  • Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs)
  • Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRI)
  • Serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI)
  • Serotonin Reuptake inhibitor/antagonist
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14
Q

what is the action of SSRIs?

A

increase serotonin by inhibiting neuronal uptake to the CNS

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15
Q

what is the action of MAOIs?

A

inhibits the activity of Monoamine Oxidase resulting in increased endogenous neuro-hormones

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16
Q

why would you give antidepressants?

A
  • depressive symptoms
  • tobacco cessation
  • OCD
  • anxiety
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17
Q

what is a specific contraindication for TCAs?

A

Recovery phase of an acute MI

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18
Q

how long do antidepressants take to show effects?

A

up to 4-6 weeks

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19
Q

examples of SSRIs:

A
  • Citalopram
  • Fluoxetine
  • Sertraline
  • Paroxetine
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20
Q

what is the action for antipsychotics?

A

Block dopamine receptors in the brain.

Alter dopamine release and turnover

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21
Q

how are antipsychotics classified?

A
  • typical (1st Generation)

- atypical (2nd generation)

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22
Q

why are antipsychotics used?

A

for treatment of acute and chronic psychosis

23
Q

Adverse effects of antipsychotics:

A
  • dry mouth
  • hypotension
  • dystonia
  • Parkinson like symptoms
  • Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (Haloperidol)
24
Q

examples of antipsychotics:

A
  • haloperidol (1st Gen)
  • Prochlorperazine (1st Gen)
  • Quetiapine (2nd Gen)
  • Olanzapine (2nd Gen)
25
Q

the action of a CNS stimulant:

A

produces CNS Stimulation by increasing level of neurotransmitters in the CNS.

Blocks absorption of dopamine

26
Q

adverse effects of a CNS stimulant:

A
  • HA
  • Dizziness
  • over stimulation of the CNS
  • insomnia
  • blurred vision
27
Q

contraindication to CNS stimulants?

A
  • glaucoma
  • moderate to severe HTN and stroke
  • hypersensitivities to amphetamines
28
Q

when should you take CNS stimulants?

A
  • 30-45 minutes before breakfast and lunch

- may only be given on school days

29
Q

types of CNS stimulants:

A
  • amphetamines

- anorexiants

30
Q

examples of amphetamines’:

A
  • Methylphenidate

- Dextroamphetamine

31
Q

examples of Anorexiants:

A
  • Phentermine
32
Q

the action of anticonvulsants:

A

reduction of excitability of the neurons of the brain

33
Q

what are the different types of seizures?

A
  • Psychomotor (an aura and hallucinations)
  • Tonic-clonic (alternate contraction and relaxation of muscles)
  • Myoclonic (sudden, forceful contraction involving trunk, neck and extremities)
  • Absence (petit Mal)
  • Epilepsy ( permeant reoccurring seizure disorder)
34
Q

what is the use for anticonvulsants?

A

decrease the incidence and severity of various seizures

35
Q

adverse effects of anticonvulsants:

A
  • N/V constipation, bradycardia, hypoventilation, sore throat
  • Steven-Johnson syndrome (rash, Medical Emergency)
36
Q

contraindications for anticonvulsants:

A
  • PT with CNS depression
  • Pregnancy
  • psychoses, glaucoma
37
Q

when taking anticonvulsant what education must you include?

A
  • Do not miss a dose
  • avoid alcohol consumption
  • regular serum plasma levels of the anticonvulsant
38
Q

examples of an anticonvulsant:

A
  • Diazepam
  • Lorazepam
  • Midazolam
  • Clonazepam
  • Phenytoin
39
Q

what suffix is commonly used for anticonvulsant generic names?

A

-pam

40
Q

what is the action for antiemetic?

A
  • act on the chemoreceptor trigger zone to inhibit nausea and vomiting.
  • depressing the sensitivity of the vestibular apparatus of the inner ear
41
Q

contraindications for anti emetics:

A
  • PT with severe CNS depression
  • do not use with alcohol
  • will make sedation worse
42
Q

examples of anti emetics:

A
  • Ondansetron

- Promethazine

43
Q

action of anesthetics:

A

removes the feeling or sensation by inhibiting transport of ions across neuronal membranes

44
Q

what effects does ketamine have on the body?

A
  • raises BP
  • Raises HR
  • Increased Cardiac Output
45
Q

how long does IM ketamine last?

A

3-4 minutes

46
Q

examples of ansthetics:

A
  • lidocaine
  • bupivacaine
  • ketamine
  • propofol
47
Q

what is the suffix associated with anesthetic drugs?

A

-ine

48
Q

what are the different types of analgesics?

A
  • Salicylates
  • non-salicylates
  • NSAIDs
  • Urinary analgesic
49
Q

what is the action for Salicylates?

A

dilates peripheral blood vessels, prolonging bleeding by inhibiting aggregation of platelets
(Aspirin)

50
Q

what drug can have Reye Syndrome as an adverse effect?

A

Salicylates

51
Q

what class of drug does Acetaminophen belong to?

A

Non-salicylate

52
Q

what is the maximum daily does of acetaminophen?

A

4g daily for adults

53
Q

what is the action of NSAIDs?

A

inhibit the action of the enzyme cyclooxygenase, which is responsible for prostaglandin synthesis

Pharmacy (3 decks)

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