Pharmacological & Parenteral Therapies

Question 1

Is an anticonvulsant that is also used for neuropathic pain. [. . .]

Answer 1

gabapentin

Question 2

These medications: duloxetine, pregabalin, amitriptyline, and gabapentin are usually perscribed for?

Answer 2

diabetic neuropathy

Question 3

Identify signs and symptoms of an allergic reaction for skin, which include the following [. . .]

Answer 3

redness, itching, swelling, blistering, weeping, crusting, rash, eruptions, or hives (itchy bumps or welts)

Question 4

Identify signs and symptoms of an allergic reaction for lungs, which include the following: [. . .]

Answer 4

wheezing, tightness, cough, or shortness of breath

Question 5

Identify signs and symptoms of an allergic reaction for your head, which include the following: [. . .]

Answer 5

swelling of the face, eyelids, lips, tongue, or throat; headache

Question 6

Identify signs and symptoms of an allergic reaction for nose, which include the following: [. . .]

Answer 6

stuffy nose, runny nose (clear, thin discharge), or sneezing

Question 7

Identify signs and symptoms of an allergic reaction in your eyes, which include the following: [. . .]

Answer 7

red (bloodshot), itchy, swollen, or watery

Question 8

Identify signs and symptoms of an allergic reaction for stomach, which include the following: [. . .]

Answer 8

pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, or bloody diarrhea

Question 9

One of the most important aspects of dealing with blood products is the [. . .] of clients to ensure the right products are used

Answer 9

correct identification

Question 10

It is also important to know the various blood components and what they are used for like for:red blood cells (rbcs): [. . .]

Answer 10

anemia, hemorrhage (blood loss)

Question 11

It is also important to know the various blood components and what they are used forfresh frozen plasma (fFFP) [. . .]

Answer 11

coagulation deficiency

Question 12

It is also important to know the various blood components and what they are used for platelets: [. . .]

Answer 12

thrombocytopenia

Question 13

It is also important to know the various blood components and what they are used for albumin: [. . .]

Answer 13

shock, blood loss, low protein levels due to surgery or liver failure

Question 14

It is also important to know the various blood components and what they are used for cryoprecipitate: [. . .]

Answer 14

blood loss or immediately prior to an invasive procedure in clients with significant hypofibrinogenemia

Question 15

What type of central venous access devices (cvads is inserted under subcutaneous tissue and attached to a catheter, which is threaded into the superior vena cava. [. . .]

Answer 15

implanted port

Question 16

What type of central venous access devices (cvads is inserted into a basilic or cephalic vein just above or below the antecubital space of the client’s right arm and the catheter terminates in the superior vena cava. [. . .]

Answer 16

peripherally inserted central catheter (picc)

Question 17

To calculate single dosages, divide the total daily dose by the number of [. . .] .

Answer 17

doses per day

Question 18

What tablets (or pills medications) are not to be broken or crushed [. . .]

Answer 18

extended release tablets

Question 19

Enteral medications are administered through a [. . .]

Answer 19

tube

Question 20

Flush the tube with [. . .] water before administering the medication.

Answer 20

30 ml

Question 21

[. . .] Is a device that attaches to the mdi to help deliver the medicine to the lungs instead of the mouth

Answer 21

spacer

Question 22

Evaluate and document a client’s use of medications over time, including prescriptions, over-the-counter medications, and home remedies. This includes explaining effects and outcomes to [. . .] .

Answer 22

clients and families

Question 23

To calculate an iv drip rate, use the following formula to calculate drops per minute

Answer 23

(total number of milliliters divided by total number of minutes) « drip factor = gtt/minute

Question 24

To determine client need for administration of a prn pain medication, question the client about his or her level of pain using a pain rating scale from [. . .]

Answer 24

1–10, or a visual scale using images of faces with different expressions

Question 25

Nutrition provided intravenously for clients who are unable to tolerate oral or enteral feedings [. . .]

Answer 25

total parenteral nutrition (tpn)

Question 26

Never abruptly stop [. . .] always taper down

Answer 26

tpn

Question 27

Tpn requires a filter change every [. . .] hours when tubing is changed

Answer 27

24

Question 28

Some medications, such as [. . .] require a filter change with each dose

Answer 28

phenytoin and pantoprazole

Question 29

Devices that may be part of infusion set or an addition to infusion line; they remove contaminants (air, bacteria, or particulate matter); [. . .]

Answer 29

filters

Question 30

Most [. . .] require sterile dressings to reduce risk of contamination;

Answer 30

central lines

Question 31

Inserting an iv linewear gloves for protection from bloodborne pathogens; insertion is a [. . .]

Answer 31

sterile procedure

Question 32

Air embolism can be prevented by using [. . .] devices on all attachments.

Answer 32

luer-lok

Question 33

The device that provides the most accurate infusion rate is the [. . .]

Answer 33

electronic infusion pump

Question 34

[. . .] Is inflammation to the lumen of a vein manifested by warmth, swelling, a red streak and pain along the course of the vein, and localized warmth

Answer 34

phlebitis

Question 35

[. . .] Is an isotonic solution that would not be effective in treating cellular dehydration

Answer 35

lactated ringer’s

Question 36

0.45% sodium chloride (one-half normal saline) is a [. . .] solution that draws fluid from the vascular compartment into the cells.

Answer 36

hypotonic

Question 37

[. . .] Is an isotonic solution that remains in the vascular compartment and expands vascular volume

Answer 37

normal saline

Question 38

All catheters should be flushed with syringes with barrels of [. . .]

Answer 38

10 ml or larger

Question 39

Alarms sound on electronic infusion devices when the infusion is interrupted by an [. . .] or when it is complete

Answer 39

occlusion

Question 40

In an autologous donor, client donates its own blood for future transfusion and the process begins [. . .] weeks before scheduled surgery or procedure

Answer 40

4–6

Question 41

Assessment: signs of fluid overload for transfusion reactions [. . .]

Answer 41

tachycardia and bounding pulse and hypertension

Question 42

What is the solution of choice when used as an adjunct to a transfusion [. . .]

Answer 42

normal saline

Question 43

Client who takes warfarin arrives at the emergency department following a gunshot wound. The client’s prothrombin time is twice the desired amount. The nurse expects the healthcare provider will order a transfusion of which blood product [. . .]

Answer 43

fresh frozen plasma

Question 44

Amenorrhea, the absence of menstruation, is unlikely to cause [. . .] anemia

Answer 44

iron-deficiency

Question 45

An [. . .] is required for the administration of blood

Answer 45

in-line filter

Question 46

A transfusion of [. . .] is indicated for the client with active bleeding

Answer 46

platelets

Question 47

A transfusion with [. . .] would result in increased hemoglobin and hematocrit levels

Answer 47

prbcs

Question 48

[. . .] Administration is not associated with the prevention of deep vein thrombosis

Answer 48

platelet

Question 49

Key features of anemia include [. . .]

Answer 49

coolness to touch, cold intolerance , tachycardia, orthostatic hypotension, and headaches

Question 50

Hypertension, diaphoresis, and bounding peripheral pulses are not associated with [. . .]

Answer 50

anemia

Question 51

The nurse should consider implementing [. . .] precautions when the white blood cell count is at or below 2,000/mm3

Answer 51

neutropenic

Question 52

[. . .] Is administered to treat von willebrand’s disease and fibrinogen levels below 100 mg/dl

Answer 52

cryoprecipitate

Question 53

[. . .] Would provide symptomatic relief from signs and symptoms of a transfusion reaction

Answer 53

hydrocortisone

Question 54

Maximum dextrose concentration is [. . .] to avoid irritation of blood vessel walls, phlebitis, and sclerosis

Answer 54

10%

Question 55

Do not administer or piggyback medications and blood into a line used for [. . .]

Answer 55

tpn

Question 56

For tpn one must assess insertion site each shift for [. . .]

Answer 56

patency and signs of infection

Question 57

When giving tpn [. . .] a solution that is cloudy, dark in color, has visible fat globules (if lipids present); return to pharmacy for replacement

Answer 57

do not hang

Question 58

Do not piggyback anything other than [. . .] into tpn line

Answer 58

lipids

Question 59

If a new tpn solution is not available when previous one has infused, hang [. . .] in the water solution at prescribed rate to prevent hypoglycemia until tpn is available

Answer 59

10% dextrose

Question 60

Tpn is started at [. . .] ml/hr and may be gradually increased to a maximum rate of 80–125 ml/hr.

Answer 60

50

Question 61

Tpn contains a 20 – 50% glucose solution, which often causes [. . .]

Answer 61

hyperglycemia

Question 62

A [. . .] weekly gain is the ideal weight gain when tpn is given to restore nutritional balance and improve weight.

Answer 62

0.9-kg (2-lb)

Question 63

In addition to the base solution, tpn contains [. . .]

Answer 63

trace minerals, electrolytes, and multivitamins.

Question 64

[. . .] Levels are the best indicators of protein stores and nitrogen balance, reflecting the client’s nutritional status.

Answer 64

prealbumin

Question 65

Confirmation of correct [. . .] placement is essential before tpn is started to ensure infusion will enter the superior vena cava.

Answer 65

catheter

Question 66

Used to control postpartum or postabortal hemorrhage; should not be used before delivery of placenta [. . .]

Answer 66

ergot alkaloids

Question 67

Inhibit contractions and arrest preterm labor for 24–72 hours so that corticosteroids (betamethasone) can be given to facilitate fetal lung maturity [. . .]

Answer 67

tocolytics (uterine relaxants)

Question 68

When taking this tocolytic encourage client to change position slowly due to possible orthostatic hypotension [. . .]

Answer 68

nifedipine

Question 69

What medication is used to arrest preterm labor (common off-label use) and to prevent or to treat seizures with preeclampsia and eclampsia [. . .]

Answer 69

magnesium sulfate

Question 70

Nursing considerations when giving mag sulfatecheck patellar reflex prior to initial dose and any subsequent doses; depressed reflex could indicate risk for [. . .]

Answer 70

respiratory arrest

Question 71

Nursing considerations when giving mag sulfateensure that [. . .] antidote is available at bedside

Answer 71

calcium gluconate

Question 72

Nursing considerations when giving mag sulfatecall prescriber for respiratory depression if respirations less than [. . .]

Answer 72

12/minute

Question 73

Maternal newborn medicationssynthetic glucocorticoid (corticosteroid) that increases surfactant production to accelerate maturation of fetal lungs [. . .]

Answer 73

betamethasone

Question 74

Administered to a client in preterm labor between 28 and 32 weeks’ gestation [. . .]

Answer 74

betamethasone

Question 75

Anticholinergic effects of antipsychotics are [. . .]

Answer 75

dry mouth, blurred vision, urinary retention, photophobia, constipation, tachycardia

Question 76

This syndrome is characterized by catatonia, rigidity, stupor, unstable blood pressure (bp), hyperthermia, profuse sweating, dyspnea, and incontinence; treated with bromocriptine and dantrolene [. . .]

Answer 76

neuroleptic malignant syndrome (nms)

Question 77

With pshychiatric clients observe client taking medication in an inpatient setting to ensure medications are [. . .] and not “cheeked”

Answer 77

swallowed

Question 78

Use sunscreen and protective clothing when using psychiatric drugs is important such as long sleeves, pants, and hats when outdoors to prevent [. . .]

Answer 78

photosensitivity

Question 79

When taking psychiatric medications expect urine color to change from [. . .] ; this is an expected change and is not harmful

Answer 79

yellow to pinkish or red-brown

Question 80

When taking psychiatric medications report fever, malaise, and other signs of infection such as sore throat; these may indicate [. . .]

Answer 80

agranulocytosis

Question 81

Remember that typical psychotic drugs are effective against [. . .] symptoms of schizophrenia

Answer 81

positive

Question 82

Remember that atypical antipsychotics are effective against both [. . .]

Answer 82

positive and negative

Question 83

Positive symptoms of schizophrenia include:

Answer 83

delusions hallucinations strangeinexplicable behavioral changes confusion thought disorder

Question 84

Because of risk of fatal [. . .] , clozapine is reserved for clients with severe schizophrenia who have not responded to traditional antipsychotic drugs

Answer 84

agranulocytosis

Question 85

Side/adverse effects this medagranulocytosis, requiring weekly wbc count and a limit of not more than a 1-week supply of drug to enforce compliance with weekly labwork [. . .]

Answer 85

clozapine

Question 86

Medications used to treat extrapyramidal symptoms anticholinergic: [. . .]

Answer 86

benztropine

Question 87

Medications used to treat extrapyramidal symptoms it’s antihistamine: [. . .]

Answer 87

diphenhydramine

Question 88

Medications used to treat extrapyramidal symptoms dopamine agonist: [. . .]

Answer 88

amantadineits a parkinson’s drug used for this treatment as well

Question 89

Client with severe [. . .] looses large amounts of bicarbonate, resulting inmetabolic acidosis

Answer 89

diarrhea

Question 90

The nurse should examine the buccal mucosa, along with the conjunctiva and sclera, nail beds, palms, soles, lips, and tongue to assess for oxygenation in a client with [. . .]

Answer 90

dark skin color

Question 91

[. . .] Solution is the only fluid compatible with blood administration

Answer 91

normal saline (0.9 ns)

Question 92

[. . .] Is the most sensitive indicator of proper kidney function

Answer 92

creatinine

Question 93

Prolonged use of aspirin and other salicylates sometimes causes bilateral [. . .]

Answer 93

hearing loss of 30 to 40 decibels

Question 94

For the best chance of salvaging the client’s myocardium, a thrombolytic agent must be administered within [. . .] hours after onset of chest pain or other signs or symptoms of mi

Answer 94

6

Question 95

Repeated use of the same [. . .] can result in atrophy of the fat in the subcutaneous tissue and lead to poor insulin absorption

Answer 95

injection site

Question 96

A client who develops anaphylaxis may take all the listed medications, but [. . .] , a non-selective adrenergic agonist, should be administered intramuscularly first. The client may then use the albuterol to help open airways.

Answer 96

epinephrine

Question 97

[. . .] Should not be stopped abruptly because of the potential for status epilepticus

Answer 97

gabapentin

Question 98

Gabapentin may impair [. . .] and should be reported to the hcp

Answer 98

vision

Question 99

Taking [. . .] when on insulin increases the risk of hypoglycemia

Answer 99

ginseng

Question 100

Excess saliva is a common adverse effect of taking this antipsychotic medication [. . .]

Answer 100

clozapine

Question 101

Gentamicin [. . .]

Answer 101

ototoxic

Question 102

The goal of tpn is to meet the client’s [. . .]

Answer 102

nutritional needs

Question 103

Tpn is administered to provide a [. . .] nitrogen balance

Answer 103

positive

Question 104

Verapamil can cause irregular cardiac rhythms. Clients should be taught to take their [. . .] and report any irregular heartbeats to their health care provider

Answer 104

pulse

Question 105

Glycopyrrolate is an anticholinergic given for its ability to reduce [. . .] secretions before general anesthesia

Answer 105

oral and respiratory

Question 106

One of the most severe blood reactions [. . .]

Answer 106

hemolytic reaction

Question 107

Sulfonamides have been associated with severe adverse reactions, [. . .] may be a sign of stevens-johnson syndrome, a severe allergic reaction that manifests as skin lesions

Answer 107

a blistering rash

Question 108

Droperidol is an antidopaminergic drug used as an [. . .]

Answer 108

antiemetic and as an antipsychotic

Question 109

[. . .] Is the best way to evaluate a person’s ability to perform a skill

Answer 109

return demonstration

Question 110

For maximum iron absorption, the client should take the medication with [. . .]

Answer 110

orange juice or a vitamin c supplement

Question 111

When a person is taking [. . .] as well as an oral contraceptive, it renders the contraceptive less effective

Answer 111

amoxicillin

Question 112

[. . .] Is the most sensitive indicator of proper kidney function

Answer 112

creatinine

Question 113

[. . .] A heparin antagonist

Answer 113

protamine sulfate is

Question 114

Applying heat increases blood flow to the area, which, in turn, increases [. . .]

Answer 114

medication absorption

Question 115

[. . .] Are common adverse effects of clozapine

Answer 115

sedation and drowsiness

Question 116

Intestinal bacteria synthesize such nutritional substances as [. . .]

Answer 116

vitamin k, thiamine, riboflavin, vitamin b12, folic acid, biotin, and nicotinic acid

Question 117

Administering [. . .] when the client is on heparin is contraindicated

Answer 117

aspirin

Question 118

Remember heparin and the first 3 letters hep and the dose of heparin is based on [. . .]

Answer 118

aptt and inr (both with 3 letters)

Question 119

[. . .] Is a broad-spectrum aminoglycoside antibiotic that can cause nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity

Answer 119

gentamicin sulfate

Question 120

Meperidine is used to help relieve [. . .]

Answer 120

moderate to severe pain

Question 121

Ophthalmic ointment is best instilled in [. . .]

Answer 121

the lower conjunctival sac

Question 122

A nurse maintaining a central venous catheter should change the dressing every [. . .] or when it becomes soiled, moist, or loose. After removing the soiled dressing, the nurse should use sterile technique

Answer 122

72 hours

Question 123

A nurse should use what kind of device to administer tpn to help prevent fluid overload [. . .]

Answer 123

infusion pump

Question 124

Is the antidote specific to oral anticoagulants such as warfarin [. . .]

Answer 124

phytonadione (vitamin k)

Question 125

[. . .] Is when the heart has been significantly damaged and is unable to supply enough blood to the organs of the body.

Answer 125

cardiogenic shock

Question 126

[. . .] , A sympathomimetic drug that improves myocardial contractility and blood flow through vital organs by increasing perfusion pressure and given when client are in cardiogenic shock

Answer 126

dopamine

Question 127

Adequate fluid intake of at least eight glasses a day prevents crystalluria and stone formation during [. . .] .

Answer 127

sulfasalazine therapy

Question 128

[. . .] Is one of the ‘new generation’ antipsychoticsas well as its reputed tendency to cause fewer movement disorders than the older drugs such as chlorpromazine and haloperidol

Answer 128

risperidone

Question 129

[. . .] Drug therapy should never be stopped suddenly doing so can lead to life-threatening status epilepticus

Answer 129

anticonvulsant

Question 130

[. . .] Is usually the site for injecting a small amount of medication. If more than 2 ml

Answer 130

the deltoid muscle

Question 131

Ou signifies [. . .]

Answer 131

both eyes

Question 132

I is the apothecary symbol for the number [. . .]

Answer 132

1

Question 133

Oral contraceptives may interact with other medications, and the effectiveness may be decreased if the client is prescribed [. . .]

Answer 133

ampicillin, tetracycline, or anticonvulsants, such as phenytoin

Question 134

[. . .] Is optimal since it allows assessment of the insertion site on peripheral intravenous catheter (piic line)

Answer 134

a transparent dressing

Question 135

Applying a tourniquet obstructs [. . .] and, as a result, distends the veins

Answer 135

venous blood flow

Question 136

The amount of [. . .] is the most important factor to consider when deciding on the angle at which to insert the needle.

Answer 136

subcutaneous tissue

Question 137

The nurse is assessing the client’s understanding of the use of medications. Which medication may cause a complication with the treatment plan of a client with diabetes? [. . .]

Answer 137

steroids

Question 138

Lactulose comes in the form of [. . .] for oral or rectal administration

Answer 138

syrup

Question 139

[. . .] Is a common symptom of aspirin toxicity

Answer 139

tinnitus (ringing in the ears)

Question 140

During a [. . .] , increasing the transport and availability of oxygen to the body’s tissues is paramount. Administering a high volume of iv fluid and electrolytes

Answer 140

sickle cell crisis

Question 141

Allopurinol is used to manage and prevent gout attacks and is also used for the treatment of [. . .] .

Answer 141

calcium oxalate kidney stones

Question 142

The appropriate site to give an injection to an infant is the [. . .] . The dorsogluteal, ventrogluteal, and deltoid

Answer 142

vastus lateralis

Question 143

A spreading of redness that occurs as a result of drawing a pointed instrument across the skin [. . .]

Answer 143

flare

Question 144

[. . .] Is the formation of clot within the vascular system.

Answer 144

thrombosis

Question 145

Clients who have a large amount of subcutaneous tissue can tolerate up to [. . .]

Answer 145

90-degree angle of insertion

Question 146

Inefficient [. . .] will most likely decrease drug metabolism during infancy.

Answer 146

liver function

Question 147

Before administering an i.v. bolus, the nurse should [. . .] the i.v. catheter for a small amount of blood to ensure correct placement of the i.v. catheter

Answer 147

gently aspirate

Question 148

[. . .] , A sympathomimetic drug, improves myocardial contractility and blood flow through vital organs by increasing perfusion pressure commonly used in cardiogenic shock, whiledobutamine

Answer 148

dopamine

Question 149

Maternity [. . .] is used to inhibit preterm uterine contractions, basically they give this drug to stop the contractions in order for the baby to continue along its termdinoprostone and misoprostol

Answer 149

terbutaline

Question 150

A client who is taking [. . .] , a monoamine oxidase inhibitor, needs to avoid foods that are rich in tyramine because this food-drug combination can cause hypertensive crisis. Drinking 10 to 12 glasses of water

Answer 150

phenelzine