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Alim 1 > pharmacological basis for treatment of GI disorders 2 > Flashcards

pharmacological basis for treatment of GI disorders 2 Flashcards

1
Q

normal bowel movement frequence

A

1-3 x a day

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2
Q

consequences of constipation as a result of rectal distension

A 
headache
loss of appetite
nausea
abdominal distension
stomach pain
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3
Q

causes of constipation

A

decreased motility of large intestine - old age, damage to ENS of colon

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4
Q

factors that can increase colonic motility

A

increased fibre/cellulose/complex sugars
laxatives
castor oil - stimulates colon motility

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5
Q

causes of constipation in the elderly

A

diet
inactivity
polypharmacy

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6
Q

alarm signs in patients with chronic constipation

A 
acute onset
weight loss
bloody stools
anaemia
familial IBS / colon cancer
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7
Q

lifestyle changes to manage constipation

A

diet, fluid intake, exercise

inc fibre intake

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8
Q

how do purgatives work

A

modulate/hasten food transit in the intestine

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9
Q

how do bulk forming and osmotic laxatives work

A

retain water in gut - promote peristalsis but take a few days to work, increase solidity of stool

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10
Q

side effect of bulk forming/osmotic laxatives

A

bloating and flatulence

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11
Q

how does lactulose stimulate motility of GI tract

A

increases, maintains fluid vol in lumen - OSMOSIS

inc transfer of gut contents > intestine

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12
Q

what happens when lactulose reaches the colon

A

colonic bacteria breaks it down into short chain fatty acids

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13
Q

what is the effect of bacterial breakdown of lactulose into short FAs

A

osmotic pressure increases, biomass increases

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14
Q

what is the result of osmotic pressure/biomass increase

A

faeces soften, stool vol increases

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15
Q

what stimulates peristalsis in the action of lactulose

A

softened faeces, increased stool volume

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16
Q

what should antidiarrhoeal agents do

A

maintain fluids, electrolytes
identify causal agent, treat with antibiotics
modify the balance of secretion/absorption

17
Q

what is diarrhoea

A

frequent passage of liquid faeces

18
Q

causes of diarrhoea

A

infectious agents
toxins
anxiety
drugs

19
Q

what happens to fluid balance in diarrhoea

A

dec absorption of fluid

dec electrolytes and h20

20
Q

therapeutic diarrhoea treatment

A

maintain fluid/electrolyte balance - oral rehydration therapy
use of anti-infectives
anti-motility drugs

21
Q

what do purgatives do

A

increase passage of food through the intestine

22
Q

what drugs increase motility without increasing purgation

A

antidiarrhoeal, antispasmodics

23
Q

affect of LOPERAMIDE on diarrhoea

A

selective on GIT - decreases passage of faeces

decreases duration of illness

24
Q

effect of CODEINE AND LOPERAMIDE

A

antisecretory action - decreases intestinal motility

25
Q

effect of bismuth subsalicylate

A

decreases fluid secretion in bowel - safe for younguns but may cause tinnitus and stool blackening

Alim 1 (11 decks)

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