Pharmacokinetics - True/ False

Question 1

The advantage of the transdermal route of drug administration is that there is decreased systemic adverse effects

Answer 1

False

Question 2

The advantage of the inhalation route of drug absorption is that there is rapid absorption

Answer 2

True

Question 3

One of the disadvantages of the rectal route of administration is that the drug undergoes first pass metabolism

Answer 3

False

Question 4

The advantage of the rectal route of drug administration is that absorption is predictable

Answer 4

False

Question 5

The half-life of a drug refers to the time required for half of the drug to be absorbed

Answer 5

False

Question 6

It would be reasonable to expect a drug with an 8 hour half-life to reach steady state concentration in 16 hours

Answer 6

False

Question 7

Steady state concentration can be achieved more quickly by giving an initial loading dose

Answer 7

True

Question 8

The amount of drug in the body will have become negligible after the expiry of 5 consecutive half-lives from the final dose

Answer 8

True

Question 9

Parenterally delivered drugs have less bioavailability than those delivered by the inhaled route

Answer 9

False

Question 10

A drug must be absorbed before it can exert its systemic effect

Answer 10

True

Question 11

The kidneys are principle site of drug metabolism in the elderly

Answer 11

False

Question 12

The degree of drug absorption will be increased if the patient taking the drug develops diarrhoea

Answer 12

False

Question 13

With reference to drugs that undergo extensive first pass metabolism:

The amount of drug reaching the systemic circulation is very similar to the amount absorbed

Answer 13

False

Question 14

Withe reference to drugs that undergo extensive first pass metabolism:

A larger dose of the drug is needed when given orally than when given by other routes

Answer 14

True

Question 15

With reference to drugs that undergo extensive first pass metabolism:

Levels in the serum are increased if given in conjunction with a drug that is said to be a liver enzyme inducer

Answer 15

False

Question 16

With reference to drugs that undergo extensive first pass metabolism:

They are poorly absorbed

Answer 16

False

Question 17

With reference to Cytochrome P450:

It is found in the endoplasmic reticulum of hepatocytes

Answer 17

True

Question 18

With reference to Cytochrome P450:

It is involved in Phase I metabolism

Answer 18

True

Question 19

With reference to Cytochrome P450:

It is inhibited by phenytoin

Answer 19

False

Question 20

With reference to Cytochrome P450:

Induction of P450 increases the effect of warfarin

Answer 20

False

Question 21

Highly plasma protein bound drugs have a very large volume of distribution

Answer 21

False

Question 22

Drug metabolites are non-toxic

Answer 22

False

Question 23

Hepatic drug metabolism often involves conversion of a water-soluble into a more lipid-soluble drug

Answer 23

False

Question 24

Lipid-soluble beta-antagonists cause bad dreams more often than water-soluble beta-antagonists

Answer 24

True

Question 25

Drug elimination via the kidney depends on the glomerular filtration rate

Answer 25

True

Question 26

Age has little effect on drug elimination via the kidneys

Answer 26

False

Question 27

Drugs can be eliminated from the body via bile

Answer 27

True

Question 28

Drugs can be excreted or reabsorbed by the kidneys

Answer 28

True

Question 29

Neonates have a lower body fat and higher extracellular fluid volume than children

Answer 29

True

Question 30

The capacity of neonates and young children to metabolise drugs is the same as that of an adult

Answer 30

False

Question 31

Body surface area estimates are more accurate for calculating paediatric doses than body weight

Answer 31

True

Question 32

Paediatric Adverse drug reactions are the same as those that can occur in adults

Answer 32

False

Question 33

Slowed peristalsis in older people can lead to a greater degree of drug absorption than in younger adults

Answer 33

False

Question 34

The concentration of plasma proteins is higher in older people than younger adults and therefore the amount of unbound drug decreased

Answer 34

False

Question 35

The ability to metabolise some drugs deteriorates with age

Answer 35

True

Question 36

Drug elimination is equally efficient in older people as it is in younger adults

Answer 36

False

Question 37

With reference to microbiology: Modification of an antibacterial agent is a method by which micro-organisms develop resistance

Answer 37

True

Question 38

With reference to microbiology: Micro-organisms can become resistant by inactivating an antibacterial agent

Answer 38

True

Question 39

With reference to microbiology: Resistance cannot be transferred from one organism to another

Answer 39

False

Question 40

With reference to microbiology: Viruses use host cell organelles and enzymes to reproduce

Answer 40

True

Question 41

Bioavailability is an accurate measure of drug effectiveness

Answer 41

False

Question 42

Therapeutic equivalence is not seen in most generic drugs

Answer 42

False

Question 43

Highly lipophilic drugs are more likely to cross the blood brain barrier

Answer 43

True

Question 44

Most drugs are excreted following zero order kinetics

Answer 44

False

Question 45

The extent to which a drug is distributed is determined by: The extent to which it is protein bound

Answer 45

True

Question 46

The extent to which a drug is distributed is determined by: Glomerular filtration rate

Answer 46

False

Question 47

The extent to which a drug is distributed is determined by: Lipid solubility

Answer 47

True

Question 48

The extent to which a drug is distributed is determined by: Total body water content

Answer 48

True

Question 49

With reference to drugs that undergo extensive first pass metabolism: They have 100% bioavailability

Answer 49

False

Question 50

With reference to drugs that undergo extensive first pass metabolism: They always have a high volume distribution

Answer 50

False

Question 51

With reference to drugs that undergo extensive first pass metabolism: Their levels in the serum are increased in the presence of hepatic failure

Answer 51

True

Question 52

With reference to drugs that undergo extensive first pass metabolism: They are poorly absorbed when given orally

Answer 52

False

Question 53

In reference to drug metabolism: All drug metabolism takes place in the intestines

Answer 53

False

Question 54

In reference to drug metabolism: Drug metabolites very rarely have pharmacological effects

Answer 54

False

Question 55

In reference to drug metabolism: The bioavailability of drugs metabolised by Cytochrome P450 may increase when a heavy smoker stops smoking

Answer 55

True

Question 56

In reference to drug metabolism: Phase I metabolism includes a process of conjugation

Answer 56

False

Question 57

The main routes of drug excretion include: Bilary excretion

Answer 57

True

Question 58

The main routes of drug excretion include: Saliva

Answer 58

False

Question 59

The main routes of drug excretion include: Urinary excretion

Answer 59

True

Question 60

The main routes of drug excretion include: Faecal excretion

Answer 60

False

Question 61

With reference to medicines use in neonates/ children: The capacity of neonates and young children to metabolise drugs is the same as that of an adult

Answer 61

False

Question 62

In patients with liver disease: Important changes in drug metabolism are seen in even mild liver disease

Answer 62

False

Question 63

In patients with liver disease: Bioavailability of some drugs may be increased because of hypoalbuminaemia

Answer 63

True

Question 64

In patients with liver disease: There is a decreased sensitivity to Warfarin

Answer 64

False

Question 65

In patients with liver disease: Oedema associated with severe liver disease may be reduced by NSAIDs

Answer 65

False

Question 66

In patients with renal disease: The half life of drugs mainly excreted by the kidney will be increased

Answer 66

True

Question 67

In patients with renal disease: A loading dose may be required if an immediate effect from a drug is necessary

Answer 67

True

Question 68

In patients with renal disease: Blood urea levels provide a reliable indication of renal function

Answer 68

False

Question 69

In patients with renal disease: The regimens of many drugs need to be adjusted because of the increased risk of toxicity

Answer 69

True

Question 70

The rate and degree of absorption is dependent on: Route of administration

Answer 70

True

Question 71

The rate and degree of absorption is dependent on: Permeation

Answer 71

True

Question 72

The rate and degree of absorption is dependent on: Surface area

Answer 72

True

Question 73

The rate and degree of absorption is dependent on: Plasma protein binding

Answer 73

False

Question 74

The extent to which a drug is distributed is determined by: The extent to which it is protein bound

Answer 74

True

Question 75

The extent to which a drug is distributed is determined by: Glomerular filtration rate

Answer 75

False

Question 76

The extent to which a drug is distributed is determined by: Lipid solubility

Answer 76

True

Question 77

The extent to which a drug is distributed is determined by: Total body water content

Answer 77

True

Question 78

With reference to drugs that undergo extensive first pass metabolism: They have low bioavailability

Answer 78

True

Question 79

With reference to drugs that undergo extensive first pass metabolism: They are excreted unchanged by the kidneys

Answer 79

False

Question 80

With reference to drugs that undergo extensive first pass metabolism: Their levels in the serum are increased in the presence of hepatic failure

Answer 80

True

Question 81

With reference to drugs that undergo extensive first pass metabolism: They are poorly absorbed

Answer 81

False

Question 82

In reference to drug metabolism: All drug metabolism takes place in the liver

Answer 82

False

Question 83

In reference to drug metabolism: Drug metabolites very rarely have pharmacological effects

Answer 83

False

Question 84

In reference to drug metabolism: The bioavailability of drugs that are metabolised by P450 enzyme activity may increase when a heavy smoker stops smoking

Answer 84

True

Question 85

In reference to drug metabolism: Phase I metabolism includes a process of conjugation

Answer 85

False

Question 86

Main routes of drug excretion are: Exhaled air

Answer 86

True

Question 87

Main routes of drug excretion are: Saliva

Answer 87

False

Question 88

Main routes of drug excretion are: Urinary excretion

Answer 88

True

Question 89

Main routes of drug excretion are: Faecal excretion

Answer 89

True

Question 90

In patients with liver disease: Oedema associated with severe liver disease may be exacerbated by NSAIDs

Answer 90

True

Question 91

In patients with renal disease: Plasma urea levels provide a good indicator of renal function

Answer 91

False

Question 92

A main route of drug excretion is: Faecal Excretion

Answer 92

True

Question 93

In reference to bacteria and antibiotics: Bactericidal antibiotics inhibit bacteria growth

Answer 93

False