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Prescribing > Pharmacokinetics - True/ False > Flashcards

Pharmacokinetics - True/ False Flashcards

1
Q

The advantage of the transdermal route of drug administration is that there is decreased systemic adverse effects

A

False

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2
Q

The advantage of the inhalation route of drug absorption is that there is rapid absorption

A

True

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3
Q

One of the disadvantages of the rectal route of administration is that the drug undergoes first pass metabolism

A

False

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4
Q

The advantage of the rectal route of drug administration is that absorption is predictable

A

False

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5
Q

The half-life of a drug refers to the time required for half of the drug to be absorbed

A

False

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6
Q

It would be reasonable to expect a drug with an 8 hour half-life to reach steady state concentration in 16 hours

A

False

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7
Q

Steady state concentration can be achieved more quickly by giving an initial loading dose

A

True

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8
Q

The amount of drug in the body will have become negligible after the expiry of 5 consecutive half-lives from the final dose

A

True

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9
Q

Parenterally delivered drugs have less bioavailability than those delivered by the inhaled route

A

False

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10
Q

A drug must be absorbed before it can exert its systemic effect

A

True

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11
Q

The kidneys are principle site of drug metabolism in the elderly

A

False

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12
Q

The degree of drug absorption will be increased if the patient taking the drug develops diarrhoea

A

False

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13
Q

With reference to drugs that undergo extensive first pass metabolism:

The amount of drug reaching the systemic circulation is very similar to the amount absorbed

A

False

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14
Q

Withe reference to drugs that undergo extensive first pass metabolism:

A larger dose of the drug is needed when given orally than when given by other routes

A

True

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15
Q

With reference to drugs that undergo extensive first pass metabolism:

Levels in the serum are increased if given in conjunction with a drug that is said to be a liver enzyme inducer

A

False

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16
Q

With reference to drugs that undergo extensive first pass metabolism:

They are poorly absorbed

A

False

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17
Q

With reference to Cytochrome P450:

It is found in the endoplasmic reticulum of hepatocytes

A

True

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18
Q

With reference to Cytochrome P450:

It is involved in Phase I metabolism

A

True

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19
Q

With reference to Cytochrome P450:

It is inhibited by phenytoin

A

False

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20
Q

With reference to Cytochrome P450:

Induction of P450 increases the effect of warfarin

A

False

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21
Q

Highly plasma protein bound drugs have a very large volume of distribution

A

False

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22
Q

Drug metabolites are non-toxic

A

False

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23
Q

Hepatic drug metabolism often involves conversion of a water-soluble into a more lipid-soluble drug

A

False

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24
Q

Lipid-soluble beta-antagonists cause bad dreams more often than water-soluble beta-antagonists

A

True

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25
Q

Drug elimination via the kidney depends on the glomerular filtration rate

A

True

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26
Q

Age has little effect on drug elimination via the kidneys

A

False

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27
Q

Drugs can be eliminated from the body via bile

A

True

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28
Q

Drugs can be excreted or reabsorbed by the kidneys

A

True

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29
Q

Neonates have a lower body fat and higher extracellular fluid volume than children

A

True

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30
Q

The capacity of neonates and young children to metabolise drugs is the same as that of an adult

A

False

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31
Q

Body surface area estimates are more accurate for calculating paediatric doses than body weight

A

True

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32
Q

Paediatric Adverse drug reactions are the same as those that can occur in adults

A

False

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33
Q

Slowed peristalsis in older people can lead to a greater degree of drug absorption than in younger adults

A

False

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34
Q

The concentration of plasma proteins is higher in older people than younger adults and therefore the amount of unbound drug decreased

A

False

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35
Q

The ability to metabolise some drugs deteriorates with age

A

True

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36
Q

Drug elimination is equally efficient in older people as it is in younger adults

A

False

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37
Q

With reference to microbiology:

Modification of an antibacterial agent is a method by which micro-organisms develop resistance

A

True

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38
Q

With reference to microbiology:

Micro-organisms can become resistant by inactivating an antibacterial agent

A

True

39
Q

With reference to microbiology:

Resistance cannot be transferred from one organism to another

A

False

40
Q

With reference to microbiology:

Viruses use host cell organelles and enzymes to reproduce

A

True

41
Q

Bioavailability is an accurate measure of drug effectiveness

A

False

42
Q

Therapeutic equivalence is not seen in most generic drugs

A

False

43
Q

Highly lipophilic drugs are more likely to cross the blood brain barrier

A

True

44
Q

Most drugs are excreted following zero order kinetics

A

False

45
Q

The extent to which a drug is distributed is determined by:

The extent to which it is protein bound

A

True

46
Q

The extent to which a drug is distributed is determined by:

Glomerular filtration rate

A

False

47
Q

The extent to which a drug is distributed is determined by:

Lipid solubility

A

True

48
Q

The extent to which a drug is distributed is determined by:

Total body water content

A

True

49
Q

With reference to drugs that undergo extensive first pass metabolism:

They have 100% bioavailability

A

False

50
Q

With reference to drugs that undergo extensive first pass metabolism:

They always have a high volume distribution

A

False

51
Q

With reference to drugs that undergo extensive first pass metabolism:

Their levels in the serum are increased in the presence of hepatic failure

A

True

52
Q

With reference to drugs that undergo extensive first pass metabolism:

They are poorly absorbed when given orally

A

False

53
Q

In reference to drug metabolism:

All drug metabolism takes place in the intestines

A

False

54
Q

In reference to drug metabolism:

Drug metabolites very rarely have pharmacological effects

A

False

55
Q

In reference to drug metabolism:

The bioavailability of drugs metabolised by Cytochrome P450 may increase when a heavy smoker stops smoking

A

True

56
Q

In reference to drug metabolism:

Phase I metabolism includes a process of conjugation

A

False

57
Q

The main routes of drug excretion include:

Bilary excretion

A

True

58
Q

The main routes of drug excretion include:

Saliva

A

False

59
Q

The main routes of drug excretion include:

Urinary excretion

A

True

60
Q

The main routes of drug excretion include:

Faecal excretion

A

False

61
Q

With reference to medicines use in neonates/ children:

The capacity of neonates and young children to metabolise drugs is the same as that of an adult

A

False

62
Q

In patients with liver disease:

Important changes in drug metabolism are seen in even mild liver disease

A

False

63
Q

In patients with liver disease:

Bioavailability of some drugs may be increased because of hypoalbuminaemia

A

True

64
Q

In patients with liver disease:

There is a decreased sensitivity to Warfarin

A

False

65
Q

In patients with liver disease:

Oedema associated with severe liver disease may be reduced by NSAIDs

A

False

66
Q

In patients with renal disease:

The half life of drugs mainly excreted by the kidney will be increased

A

True

67
Q

In patients with renal disease:

A loading dose may be required if an immediate effect from a drug is necessary

A

True

68
Q

In patients with renal disease:

Blood urea levels provide a reliable indication of renal function

A

False

69
Q

In patients with renal disease:

The regimens of many drugs need to be adjusted because of the increased risk of toxicity

A

True

70
Q

The rate and degree of absorption is dependent on:

Route of administration

A

True

71
Q

The rate and degree of absorption is dependent on:

Permeation

A

True

72
Q

The rate and degree of absorption is dependent on:

Surface area

A

True

73
Q

The rate and degree of absorption is dependent on:

Plasma protein binding

A

False

74
Q

The extent to which a drug is distributed is determined by:

The extent to which it is protein bound

A

True

75
Q

The extent to which a drug is distributed is determined by:

Glomerular filtration rate

A

False

76
Q

The extent to which a drug is distributed is determined by:

Lipid solubility

A

True

77
Q

The extent to which a drug is distributed is determined by:

Total body water content

A

True

78
Q

With reference to drugs that undergo extensive first pass metabolism:

They have low bioavailability

A

True

79
Q

With reference to drugs that undergo extensive first pass metabolism:

They are excreted unchanged by the kidneys

A

False

80
Q

With reference to drugs that undergo extensive first pass metabolism:

Their levels in the serum are increased in the presence of hepatic failure

A

True

81
Q

With reference to drugs that undergo extensive first pass metabolism:

They are poorly absorbed

A

False

82
Q

In reference to drug metabolism:

All drug metabolism takes place in the liver

A

False

83
Q

In reference to drug metabolism:

Drug metabolites very rarely have pharmacological effects

A

False

84
Q

In reference to drug metabolism:

The bioavailability of drugs that are metabolised by P450 enzyme activity may increase when a heavy smoker stops smoking

A

True

85
Q

In reference to drug metabolism:

Phase I metabolism includes a process of conjugation

A

False

86
Q

Main routes of drug excretion are:

Exhaled air

A

True

87
Q

Main routes of drug excretion are:

Saliva

A

False

88
Q

Main routes of drug excretion are:

Urinary excretion

A

True

89
Q

Main routes of drug excretion are:

Faecal excretion

A

True

90
Q

In patients with liver disease:

Oedema associated with severe liver disease may be exacerbated by NSAIDs

A

True

91
Q

In patients with renal disease:

Plasma urea levels provide a good indicator of renal function

A

False

92
Q

A main route of drug excretion is:

Faecal Excretion

A

True

93
Q

In reference to bacteria and antibiotics:

Bactericidal antibiotics inhibit bacteria growth

A

False

Prescribing (2 decks)

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