Pharmacodynamics - True/False

Question 1

Most receptors are protein macromolecules

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Antagonists occupy receptors and stimulate them

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Competitive antagonists form bonds with receptors that are generally readily reversible

Answer 3

True

Question 4

When drugs form covalent bonds with receptors the binding is virtually irreversible

Answer 4

True

Question 5

Drugs commonly interact with receptors

Answer 5

True

Question 6

Drugs commonly interact with enzymes

Answer 6

True

Question 7

Drugs commonly interact with the cell nucleus

Answer 7

False

Question 8

Drugs commonly interact with hormones

Answer 8

False

Question 9

Bioavailability is unaffected by the acid lability of a drug

Answer 9

False

Question 10

A drug that undergoes extensive first pass metabolism tends to have low bioavailability

Answer 10

True

Question 11

Bioavailability refers to the amount of drug that proceeds unaltered to the system circulation

Answer 11

True

Question 12

Drugs given orally have 100% bioavailability

Answer 12

False

Question 13

Synergism is when the joint action of two agonists is greater than that of their individual effects

Answer 13

True

Question 14

Antagonism describes the simultaneous use of two drugs with opposite effects

Answer 14

True

Question 15

Cell transport describes the movement of ions across cell membranes

Answer 15

True

Question 16

Pharmacokinetics studies the effects that drugs have on the body

Answer 16

False

Question 17

Agonists are attracted to but do not stimulate receptors

Answer 17

False

Question 18

Competitive antagonists form bonds with receptors that are virtually irreversable

Answer 18

False

Question 19

Prolonged use of an agonist may result in up regulation of receptors

Answer 19

False

Question 20

A partial agonist will activate the same level of response as a complete agonist

Answer 20

False

Question 21

A drug that is described as a selective agonist will only exert its effect on the receptor it is said to be selective to

Answer 21

False

Question 22

An antagonist works at the same receptor site as an agonist

Answer 22

True

Question 23

A steep drug response curve is a characteristic of partial agonists

Answer 23

False

Question 24

A steep drug response curve is a common characteristic of potent drugs

Answer 24

True

Question 25

A steep drug response curve suggests that a drug is likely to be highly efficient

Answer 25

False

Question 26

A steep drug response curve suggests that the drug has a short half life

Answer 26

False

Question 27

It would be reasonable to expect a drug with a 12 hour half life to reach steady state concentration in 18 hours

Answer 27

False

Question 28

Drugs with short half lives reach steady state concentration quicker than those with long half-lives

Answer 28

True

Question 29

The estimated half life of a drug remains the same regardless of changes in hepatic function

Answer 29

False

Question 30

Knowledge of a drug’s half life is useful when calculating dose frequency

Answer 30

True

Question 31

With reference to drug toxicity:

“Type A” side effects are predictable from the known pharmacology of the drug

Answer 31

True

Question 32

With reference to drug toxicity:

“Type A” side effects are not dose-related

Answer 32

False

Question 33

With reference to drug toxicity:

“Type B” side effects are generally more dangerous than “Type A” side effects

Answer 33

True

Question 34

With reference to drug toxicity:

Neutropenia as a result of clozapine intake is an example of a “Type A” side effect

Answer 34

False

Question 35

With reference to the effect of diuretics on electrolytes:

Diuretics can cause hyponatraemia

Answer 35

True

Question 36

With reference to the effect of diuretics on electrolytes:

Diuretics cause a reduction in the magnesium excreted in urine

Answer 36

False

Question 37

With reference to the effect of diuretics on electrolytes:

The risk of hypokalaemia is greater with a thiazide than a loop diuretic

Answer 37

True

Question 38

With reference to the effect of diuretics on electrolytes:

Concomitant prescribing of an ACE inhibitor can increase the risk of hypokalaemia

Answer 38

False

Question 39

A drug that binds to a receptor and activates it is called an antagonist

Answer 39

False

Question 40

Enzymes work on specific substances known as substrates

Answer 40

True

Question 41

Acetylcholine is the ligand for nicotinic receptors

Answer 41

True

Question 42

A rapid decrease in the response to a drug is known as bradyphylaxis

Answer 42

False

Question 43

Partial agonists have greater efficacy than full agonists

Answer 43

False

Question 44

A drug that is described as a selective agonist will only exert its effect on the receptor it is selective to, irrelevant of concentration

Answer 44

False

Question 45

An antagonist works at the same receptor site as an agonist

Answer 45

True

Question 46

With reference to drug toxicity:

“Type A” side effects are unpredictable from the known pharmacology of the drug

Answer 46

False

Question 47

With reference to drug toxicity:

“Type A” side effects are not dose-related

Answer 47

False

Question 48

With reference to drug toxicity:

“Type B” side effects are generally less dangerous than “Type A” side effects

Answer 48

False

Question 49

With reference to drug toxicity:

Agranulocytosis as a result of clozapine intake is an example of a “Type A” side effect

Answer 49

False

Question 50

With reference to drug interactions:

They may result from altered metabolism

Answer 50

True

Question 51

With reference to drug interactions:

They may be caused by plasma protein displacement

Answer 51

True

Question 52

With reference to drug interactions:

They are never clinically significant

Answer 52

False

Question 53

With reference to drug interactions:

They are more likely to occur in young adults

Answer 53

False

Question 54

With reference to microbiology:

Viruses replicate outside living cells

Answer 54

False

Question 55

With reference to microbiology:

Most viruses are not species specific

Answer 55

False

Question 56

With reference to microbiology:

Bacterial cells have one single chromosome

Answer 56

True

Question 57

With reference to microbiology:

Micro-organisms are unable to alter the receptors to which antibacterials bind

Answer 57

False

Question 58

In reference to bacteria and antibiotics:

Gram positive bacteria have a thick peptidoglycan cell wall

Answer 58

True

Question 59

In reference to bacteria and antibiotics:

Gram positive bacteria are more resistant to treatment than gram negative bacteria

Answer 59

False

Question 60

In reference to bacteria and antibiotics:

Infections of the gastrointestinal tract are more commonly caused by gram negative bacteria

Answer 60

True

Question 61

In reference to bacteria and antibiotics:

Bactericidal antibiotics only inhibit bacteria growth

Answer 61

False

Question 62

With reference to pharmacodynamics:

Most drug targets are lipid molecules

Answer 62

False

Question 63

With reference to pharmacodynamics:

A drug that binds to a receptor and activates it is called an agonist

Answer 63

True

Question 64

With reference to pharmacodynamics:

Competitive antagonists form bonds with receptors that are generally readily reversible

Answer 64

True

Question 65

With reference to pharmacodynamics:

When drugs form covalent bonds with receptors the binding is virtually irreversible

Answer 65

True

Question 66

With reference to pharmacodynamics:

Prolonged use of an agonist may result in a gradual decrease in the numbers of receptors on the cell surface

Answer 66

True

Question 67

With reference to pharmacodynamics:

Partial agonists have greater efficacy than full agonists

Answer 67

False

Question 68

With reference to pharmacodynamics:

A drug that is described as a selective agonist will only exert its effect on the receptor it is selective to

Answer 68

False

Question 69

With reference to pharmacodynamics:

An antagonist works at the same receptor site as an agonist

Answer 69

True

Question 70

With reference to drug half-life and steady state concentration:

Steady state concentration can be achieved more quickly by giving an initial loading dose

Answer 70

True

Question 71

With reference to drug half-life and steady state concentration:

The amount of drug in the body will have become negligible after the expiry of 5 consecutive half lives from the final dose

Answer 71

True

Question 72

With reference to drug toxicity:

“Type A” side effects are predictable from the known pharmacology of the drug

Answer 72

True

Question 73

With reference to drug toxicity:

“Type A” side effects are not dose-related

Answer 73

False

Question 74

With reference to drug toxicity:

“Type B” side effects are generally more dangerous than “Type A” effects

Answer 74

True

Question 75

With reference to drug toxicity:

Neutropenia as a result clozapine intake is an example of a “Type A” side effect

Answer 75

False

Question 76

With reference to drug interactions:

They may result from altered metabolism

Answer 76

True

Question 77

With reference to drug interactions:

They may be caused by plasma protein displacement

Answer 77

True

Question 78

With reference to drug interactions:

They are always clinically significant

Answer 78

False

Question 79

With reference to drug interactions:

They are more likely to occur in older people

Answer 79

True

Question 80

With reference to microbiology:

Viruses replicate within living cells

Answer 80

True

Question 81

With reference to microbiology:

Most viruses are species specific

Answer 81

True

Question 82

With reference to microbiology:

Bacterial cells have one single chromosome

Answer 82

True

Question 83

With reference to microbiology:

Micro-organisms are unable to alter the receptors to which antibacterials bind

Answer 83

False

Question 84

With reference to pharmacodynamics:

Most drug targets are lipid molecules

Answer 84

False

Question 85

The rate and absorption is dependent on:

Surface area

Answer 85

True

Question 86

With reference to drugs that undergo extensive first pass metabolism:

They are poorly absorbed

Answer 86

False