Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Exam 3 > Pharmacokinetics route of administration > Flashcards

Pharmacokinetics route of administration Flashcards

1
Q

What does the body do to a drug?

A

absorption, distrubution, metabolism, elimination (ADME)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

True or false: Smaller drugs cross membranes more easily.

A

true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What can effect molecular weight?

A

protein binding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What protein typically binds to weak acids and decreases with inflammation?

A

albumin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What protein typically binds to weak bases and increases with inflammation?

A

alpha 1 acid glycoproteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What types of drugs cross membranes easily and distribute widely?

A

lipophilic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What kinds of drugs are confined to plasma and ECF?

A

hydrophilic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Do ionized or unionized drugs tend to distribute more widely and why?

A

unionized because they can cross membranes easier

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the term at which the pH is at a level where 50% of the drug is ionized and 50% is unionized?

A

pKa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What can alter a drugs concentration gradient?

A

dose and route
blood flow (disease can effect this)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the method by which most drugs will cross the membrane?

A

passive diffusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What can be used when a drug is lacking sufficient lipid solubility for passive diffusion?

A

carrier-mediated transport

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Does carrier mediated facilitated diffusion use ATP?

A

no it is still going down its concentration gradient

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the 2 major differences when using active transport?

A

against concentration gradient and needs ATP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What plays a very important role in absorption of a drug?

A

route of administration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the four major routes of administration?

A

intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, oral

17
Q

What method of drug administration completely skips the absorption step?

A

intravenous- directly into the bloodstream 100% absorption

18
Q

Why is absorption through the intramuscular route high?

A

muscles are highly vascular

19
Q

What can decrease absorption from subcutaneous injections?

A

moderate to severe dehydration or shock due to less blood flow to the skin

20
Q

_______ soluble drugs are often absorbed slower, while _______ soluble drugs are often absorbed faster.

A

lipid, water

21
Q

What is administration via the GI tract?

A

enteral

22
Q

What is the most variable and slowest form of absorption which can be effected by diet?

A

oral

23
Q

What can be used to improve absorption?

A

solubility enhancers

24
Q

What can cause poor oral bioavailability?

A

drug is decomposed or complexed in GIT

25
Q

What is the clinical reference of ion trapping in the stomach?

A

NSAIDs become trapped in gastric surface cells causing cell death and ulcers

26
Q

What is the term for when a large amount of drug absorbed is immediately metabolized in the gut or liver prior to absorption into systemic coruscation?

A

first pass metabolism

27
Q

Why are drugs with high first pass metabolism often not suitable for PO administration?

A

they do not reach adequate plasma concentrations

28
Q

What administration method has rapid uptake of a drug into systemic circulation and avoids first pass metabolism?

A

transmucosal

29
Q

What is the method for drugs being absorbed through the skin into circulation?

A

transdermal

30
Q

True or false: transdermal and topical are the same.

A

False: topical stays on top of the skin

31
Q

What is the term for maximum plasma concentration and typically highest for IV dosing?

A

Cmax

32
Q

What is the term for time to maximum plasma concentration?

A

Tmax

33
Q

What is the term for percentage of administered drug that appears in the bloodstream after dosing?

A

bioavailability

34
Q

True or false: bioavailability can never be > 100%.

A

true

35
Q

What is it called when the absorption phase is prolonged?

A

flip-flop phenomenon

36
Q

What does live disease effect absorption?

A

decrease first pass metabolism and increases oral absorption

Exam 3 (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions