Pharmacokinetics route of administration

Question 1

What does the body do to a drug?

Answer 1

absorption, distrubution, metabolism, elimination (ADME)

Question 2

True or false: Smaller drugs cross membranes more easily.

Answer 2

true

Question 3

What can effect molecular weight?

Answer 3

protein binding

Question 4

What protein typically binds to weak acids and decreases with inflammation?

Answer 4

albumin

Question 5

What protein typically binds to weak bases and increases with inflammation?

Answer 5

alpha 1 acid glycoproteins

Question 6

What types of drugs cross membranes easily and distribute widely?

Answer 6

lipophilic

Question 7

What kinds of drugs are confined to plasma and ECF?

Answer 7

hydrophilic

Question 8

Do ionized or unionized drugs tend to distribute more widely and why?

Answer 8

unionized because they can cross membranes easier

Question 9

What is the term at which the pH is at a level where 50% of the drug is ionized and 50% is unionized?

Answer 9

pKa

Question 10

What can alter a drugs concentration gradient?

Answer 10

dose and route
blood flow (disease can effect this)

Question 11

What is the method by which most drugs will cross the membrane?

Answer 11

passive diffusion

Question 12

What can be used when a drug is lacking sufficient lipid solubility for passive diffusion?

Answer 12

carrier-mediated transport

Question 13

Does carrier mediated facilitated diffusion use ATP?

Answer 13

no it is still going down its concentration gradient

Question 14

What are the 2 major differences when using active transport?

Answer 14

against concentration gradient and needs ATP

Question 15

What plays a very important role in absorption of a drug?

Answer 15

route of administration

Question 16

What are the four major routes of administration?

Answer 16

intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, oral

Question 17

What method of drug administration completely skips the absorption step?

Answer 17

intravenous- directly into the bloodstream 100% absorption

Question 18

Why is absorption through the intramuscular route high?

Answer 18

muscles are highly vascular

Question 19

What can decrease absorption from subcutaneous injections?

Answer 19

moderate to severe dehydration or shock due to less blood flow to the skin

Question 20

_______ soluble drugs are often absorbed slower, while _______ soluble drugs are often absorbed faster.

Answer 20

lipid, water

Question 21

What is administration via the GI tract?

Answer 21

enteral

Question 22

What is the most variable and slowest form of absorption which can be effected by diet?

Answer 22

oral

Question 23

What can be used to improve absorption?

Answer 23

solubility enhancers

Question 24

What can cause poor oral bioavailability?

Answer 24

drug is decomposed or complexed in GIT

Question 25

What is the clinical reference of ion trapping in the stomach?

Answer 25

NSAIDs become trapped in gastric surface cells causing cell death and ulcers

Question 26

What is the term for when a large amount of drug absorbed is immediately metabolized in the gut or liver prior to absorption into systemic coruscation?

Answer 26

first pass metabolism

Question 27

Why are drugs with high first pass metabolism often not suitable for PO administration?

Answer 27

they do not reach adequate plasma concentrations

Question 28

What administration method has rapid uptake of a drug into systemic circulation and avoids first pass metabolism?

Answer 28

transmucosal

Question 29

What is the method for drugs being absorbed through the skin into circulation?

Answer 29

transdermal

Question 30

True or false: transdermal and topical are the same.

Answer 30

False: topical stays on top of the skin

Question 31

What is the term for maximum plasma concentration and typically highest for IV dosing?

Answer 31

Cmax

Question 32

What is the term for time to maximum plasma concentration?

Answer 32

Tmax

Question 33

What is the term for percentage of administered drug that appears in the bloodstream after dosing?

Answer 33

bioavailability

Question 34

True or false: bioavailability can never be > 100%.

Answer 34

true

Question 35

What is it called when the absorption phase is prolonged?

Answer 35

flip-flop phenomenon

Question 36

What does live disease effect absorption?

Answer 36

decrease first pass metabolism and increases oral absorption