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NRSG Patho/Pharm Quiz 1 > Pharmacokinetics/dynamics > Flashcards

Pharmacokinetics/dynamics Flashcards

1
Q

Pharmacokinetics includes (4)

A
  1. Absorption
  2. Distribution
  3. Metabolism/biotransformation
  4. Excretion
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2
Q

Variables affecting absorption?

A
  1. surface of the tissues.
    - skin breakdown, abrasions will cause increased absorption.
    - hairy areas, scarring will decrease absorption.
    - stomach lining.
  2. Medication form. Is it liquid? Solids?
  3. Route. IV? SC?
  4. Circulation.
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3
Q

A med given IV push affects absorption in what way?

A

It DOESN’T!!!!

There is no absorption via IV push. Skips this step and gets distributed immediately!

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4
Q

Variables affecting distribution?

A
  1. Drug’s affinity for lipids, certain body tissue.
  2. Amt of blood flow to specific organs.
  3. Plasma/protein binding sites. i.e. albumin/free drug
  4. situations that alter protein binding.
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5
Q

What situations might alter protein binding?

A
  1. decreased levels of albumin (older adults).
    Hypoalbuminemia.
    May cause toxic level of drug!
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6
Q

What is the first pass effect?

A

The drug is metabolized by the liver or intestine before entering systemic circulation.

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7
Q

Why can’t nitro be administered po?

A

First pass effect. There will be no bioavailability after!

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8
Q

First pass effect reduces bioavailability when drugs are administered by what route?

A

Enteral route. Specifically po.

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9
Q

Which parenteral route of administration has the fastest rate of absorption?

A

IM

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10
Q

Which parenteral route bypasses absorption?

A

IV! Goes directly to distribution via the bloodstream.

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11
Q

Which enteral routes avoid the first pass effect?

A

sublingual and buccal

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12
Q

A drug that produces and action is called an

A

agonist

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13
Q

A local effect is one that effects only?

A

One body part or site of application.

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14
Q

A dose of medication where the serum level is high enough to be effective but not so high as to be toxic is called?

A

therapeutic window

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15
Q

Physiological changes seen is older adults that may interfere with pharmacokinetics?

A
  1. decreased CO
  2. slower metabolism
  3. lower albumin levels
  4. decreased peristalsis
  5. decreased muscle mass
  6. decreased liver and kidney fxn
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16
Q

When a drug level peaks it is exerting the most effect?

T/F

A

True

17
Q

What would be an example of idiosyncratic effect?

A

Excitability instead of sleepiness with Benadryl

18
Q

What would be an example of a synergistic effect?

A

Opioids causing more effect than expected. Ex: morphine + heroin, alcohol and sedatives.
1 + 1 = 3

19
Q

What would be an example of additive effects of medications?

A

Regardless of whether two meds are given separately or together they have an additive effect. 1 + 1 = 2
Ex: beta blocker reduces BP by 10, and then giving a CCB which reduces BP by another 10.

20
Q

How long does is take a med given by IV push to reach peak?

A

approx. 10 - 15 minutes.

21
Q

What are the effects of anticholinergics?

A

Can’t see - PUPILLARY DILATION
Can’t pee - URINARY RETENTION (due to ureter constriction/angiotensin aldosterone)

Can’t spit - DECREASED SECRETIONS
Can’t shit - DECREASED PERISTALSIS

22
Q

When an infection is developed in the hospital, it’s called

A

Nosocomial, or hospital acquired.

23
Q

Idiopathic

A

Unknown

24
Q

Secondary

A

when one dz is caused by something else. Ex: CAD is secondary to diabetes, or HTN is secondary to renal dz.

25
Q

Primary

A

initial dz

26
Q

What is the nurse mandated to report to the CDC?

A

Any dz that is communicable, like TB

27
Q

During surgery, the surgeon creates a pneumothorax. What is this called?

A

Iatrogenic. Caused harm unintentionally.

28
Q

Ischemia

A

The first phase of injury. Due to the demand being greater than supply of blood and O2. Usually causes angina.

29
Q

Injury

A

Phase II of MI. Total depravation of blood flow and O2.

30
Q

Necrosis

A

Final phase of MI. Dead, non-perfused tissue is left.

31
Q

What is angina usually caused by?

A

ischema and build up of lactic acid

32
Q

The adrenal medulla is releasing epinephrine and norepinephrine. What would you expect to happen?

A

tachycardia (epi will increase contractility and rate) and increased BP (norepi is a potent vasodilator)

33
Q

Cortisol is released by SNS why?

A

To stimulate release of glucose.

34
Q

Primary prevention includes

A

Anything a person can do themselves. Diet, exercise, immunizations, etc.

35
Q

Secondary prevention includes

A

anything you would see the MD for. Screenings, sick visits.

36
Q

Tertiary prevention includes

A

Rehab settings

NRSG Patho/Pharm Quiz 1 (3 decks)

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