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BDS2 Pharmacology > Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics > Flashcards

Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics Flashcards

1
Q

what is meant by pharmacokinetics?

A

what effects the body has on drugs

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2
Q

what is meant by pharmacodynamics?

A

what effect drugs have on the body

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3
Q

what are the different routes of administration for drugs?

A
  • oral
  • transdermal
  • transmucosal
  • intravenous
  • intramuscular
  • subcutaneous
  • inhalation
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4
Q

what is meant by transdermal?

A

drugs delivered across skin for systemic distribution

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5
Q

what is meant by transmucosal?

A

drugs diffused through the mucous membrane

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6
Q

what are intravenous drugs?

A

drugs administered into a vein/veins

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7
Q

what are intramuscular drugs?

A

drug administered into muscles

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8
Q

what are subcutaneous drugs?

A

drugs administered/applied under the skin

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9
Q

what are some advantages of oral drugs?

A
  • socially acceptable
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10
Q

what are some contraindications of oral drug use?

A
  • slow onset
  • may cause gastric ulceration
  • undergoes first pass metabolism
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11
Q

what is meant by first pass metabolism?

A

the concentration of a drug is greatly reduced before reaching the systemic circulation due to:

  • absorption in the gut
  • metabolism in the liver
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12
Q

when a drug reaches the liver, what can happen?

A
  • inactivates drug

- activates drug

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13
Q

what are some advantages of IV/IM drug administration?

A
  • very rapid onset
  • no first pass metabolism
  • predictable plasma levels
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14
Q

what are some disadvantages of IV/IM drug administration?

A
  • allergic reactions are more severe
  • short duration of action
  • difficulty of access/self medication not possible
  • higher drug cost
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15
Q

what are some advantages of transdermal & subcutaneous drug administration?

A
  • no first pass metabolism
  • allergic reactions often very localised
  • prolonged action
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16
Q

what are some disadvantages of transdermal & subcutaneous drug administration?

A
  • very slow onset

- drug cost higher

17
Q

what is meant by bioavailability?

A

the proportion of an ingested drug that is available for clinical effect

18
Q

what are some things that can modify the bioavailability of a drug?

A
  • dosage form & route of administration
  • destruction in the gut
  • poor absorption
  • first pass metabolism
19
Q

how is a drug distributed around the body?

A

drug is dissolved in the blood and transported bound to carriers such as plasma protein ALBUMIN

BDS2 Pharmacology (3 decks)

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