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UNIT 1 + 2 > Pharmacokinetics > Flashcards

Pharmacokinetics Flashcards

1
Q

what is pharmacokinetics

A

what the body does to the drugs

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2
Q

name local routes.. less or more S/E than systemic?

A

creams, pessaries, eye drops, nebs, inhalers.. less S/E

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3
Q

name systemic routes.. smaller or larger dose needed for same effect as local route?

A

oral, patches, IV,IM,SC ..larger dose needed

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4
Q

at least how many 02L for nebs?

A

6L/MIN

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5
Q

name the 4 processes in pharmacokinetics

A

absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion/elimination

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6
Q

absorption for oral admin route..

A

GI tract wall, capillary wall, bloodstream.

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7
Q

absorption is dependent on bioavailability which is…?

A

(a fraction of 1, IV 1/1) the amount of drug that has reached circulation and is available to all tissues.

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8
Q

absorption is dependent on bioavailability which is…?

A

(a fraction of 1, IV 1/1) the amount of drug that has reached circulation and is available to all tissues.

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9
Q

absorption is dependent on properties of a drug - dec. water solubility if lipid soluble (hydrophobic)… inc. solubility if ionised .. known as …

A

hydrophillic

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10
Q

where is first pass metabolism and by what enzymes?

A

liver - cytochrome p450 system

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11
Q

how can first pass effect be avoided?

A

other routes - IV, sublingually

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12
Q

pathway of drug given orally

A

absorption (stomach & Intestines), heptaic portal vein, liver, systemic circulation

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13
Q

Maximum safe concentration (MSC)
___________________________ =?
Minimum effective concentration (MEC)

A 
Therapeutic Index (TI) or ratio.
the wider the index the less adverse reactions and risk of toxicity.
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14
Q

pathway of drug given orally

A

absorption (stomach & Intestines), heptatic portal vein, liver, systemic circulation

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15
Q

Maximum safe concentration (MSC)
___________________________ =?
Minimum effective concentration (MEC)

A 
Therapeutic Index (TI) or ratio.
the wider the index the less adverse reactions and risk of toxicity.
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16
Q

what is distribution?

A

when the drug is distributed to target tissues via sytemic circulation

17
Q

what is distribution?

A

when the drug is distributed to target tissues via sytemic circulation

18
Q

what is a teratogen and name an example

A

harmful to growing foetus - thalidamide

19
Q

how do drugs travel in the bloodstream?

A

bings to plasma proteins

  • unbound/free drug = active
  • bound = increases half life ‘inactive’
20
Q

how do drugs travel in the bloodstream?

A

bings to plasma proteins

  • unbound/free drug = active
  • bound = increases half life ‘inactive’
21
Q

what is metabolism? .. where?

A

inactivation of drug for excretion, detoxification .. usually in liver

22
Q

what is metabolism? .. where?

A

inactivation of drug for excretion, detoxification .. usually in liver

23
Q

name enzyme in liver involved in metabolism of drugs

A

cytochrome p450

24
Q

what is a ‘pro-drug’

A

drug only effective after activation by liver enzyme

25
Q

why is caution needed in liver failure or hepatic impairment?

A

inc. risk of toxicity as metabolism slower

26
Q

why is caution needed in liver failure or hepatic impairment?

A

inc. risk of toxicity as metabolism slower

27
Q

what is the name given when drugs induce activity of liver activity - faster breakdown - >dose needed for same effect

A

tolerance

28
Q

what is the name given when drugs induce activity of liver activity - faster breakdown - >dose needed for same effect

A

tolerance

29
Q

what is half life?

A

the time for drug concentration in plasma to reduce by half

30
Q

what does half life determine?

A

the frequency of doses needed… so short half life = >freq. of doses

31
Q

where does the ‘Elimnation/excretition’ process occur?

A

kidneys ==> urine (sometimes gases, bile, sweat etc)

32
Q

is there inc risk of toxicity with people with renal or hepatic failure with regards to elimination?

A

yes - elimination slower.

33
Q

is there inc risk of toxicity with people with renal or hepatic failure with regards to elimination?

A

yes - elimination slower.

34
Q

term used for - a reaction to a drug that is unusual/unpredictable, specific to a particular person?

A

idiosyncratic

35
Q

term used for - a reaction to a drug that is unusual/unpredictable, specific to a particular person?

A

idiosyncratic

36
Q

how can healthcare prof minimize S/E?

A
  • ask about allergies
  • avoid contraindications
  • use min. no. of drugs
  • correct dose & route
  • asses renal & hepatic function
  • observe for specific S/E
  • monitor plasma levels

UNIT 1 + 2 (4 decks)

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