Pharmacokinetics Flashcards
what is pharmacokinetics
what the body does to the drugs
name local routes.. less or more S/E than systemic?
creams, pessaries, eye drops, nebs, inhalers.. less S/E
name systemic routes.. smaller or larger dose needed for same effect as local route?
oral, patches, IV,IM,SC ..larger dose needed
at least how many 02L for nebs?
6L/MIN
name the 4 processes in pharmacokinetics
absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion/elimination
absorption for oral admin route..
GI tract wall, capillary wall, bloodstream.
absorption is dependent on bioavailability which is…?
(a fraction of 1, IV 1/1) the amount of drug that has reached circulation and is available to all tissues.
absorption is dependent on bioavailability which is…?
(a fraction of 1, IV 1/1) the amount of drug that has reached circulation and is available to all tissues.
absorption is dependent on properties of a drug - dec. water solubility if lipid soluble (hydrophobic)… inc. solubility if ionised .. known as …
hydrophillic
where is first pass metabolism and by what enzymes?
liver - cytochrome p450 system
how can first pass effect be avoided?
other routes - IV, sublingually
pathway of drug given orally
absorption (stomach & Intestines), heptaic portal vein, liver, systemic circulation
Maximum safe concentration (MSC)
___________________________ =?
Minimum effective concentration (MEC)
Therapeutic Index (TI) or ratio. the wider the index the less adverse reactions and risk of toxicity.
pathway of drug given orally
absorption (stomach & Intestines), heptatic portal vein, liver, systemic circulation
Maximum safe concentration (MSC)
___________________________ =?
Minimum effective concentration (MEC)
Therapeutic Index (TI) or ratio. the wider the index the less adverse reactions and risk of toxicity.