Pharmacokinetics Flashcards

1
Q

What questions should come to mind when thinking pharmacokinetics?

A

how does the drug get into the body and where does it go?

what does the body do to/ with the drug?

how does the body get rid of the drug?

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2
Q

what is the process of pharmacokinetics through the body?

A

Absorption
Distribution
Metabolism
Excretion

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3
Q

What is absorption?

A

the movement of a drug from its site of administration into the body

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4
Q

What is the rate?

A

how soon will the effects of the drug take place

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5
Q

What is amount?

A

how intense the effects of the drug will be

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6
Q

What factors affect the process of absorption?
select all that apply

  • rate of dissolution
  • surface area
  • blood flow
  • lipid solubility
  • pH partitioning
  • route of administration
  • GI tract
A

rate of dissolution
surface area
blood flow
lipid solubility
pH partitioning
route of administration

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7
Q

What are the 2 major groups in routes of administration?

A

Enteral (GI tract)
- oral

Parenteral (outside the GI tract)
- IV
- subQ
- IM

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8
Q

Oral (PO) per os

barriers to absorption

absorption pattern

A

barriers to absorption
- epithelial lining of GI tract
- capillary wall

Absorption pattern
- slow and variable

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9
Q

what are the advantages and disadvantages of PO

A

advantages
- safer than injection routes
- ideal for self administration
- easy convenient inexpensive

disadvantages
- can cause GI irritation
- requires cooperative patient
- inactivation
- variability

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10
Q

IV

Barriers to absorption

Absorption pattern

A

barriers to absorption
- none

absorption pattern
- instantaneous and complete

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11
Q

what are advantages and disadvantages of IV?

A

advantages
- rapid onset
- control
- permits use of large fluid volumes
- permits use of irritant drugs

disadvantages
- high cost, difficult, inconvenience
- irreversibility
- infection
- high risk

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12
Q

IM and subQ

Barriers to absorption

Absorption pattern

A

barriers to absorption
- none

absorption pattern
- variable
- water solubility
- blood flow

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13
Q

what are the advantages and disadvantages of IM and subQ?

A

advantages
- can be used for poorly soluble drugs
- can be used for depot preperations

disadvantages
- discomfort
- inconvenience
- can cause muscke and nerve injury with improper technique
- bleeding risk

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14
Q

When parenteral administration is preferred

A

Emergencies -> Situations requiring tight control ->
Gi compatibility ( destruction of drugs by GI system, drugs that would cause GI injury ) -> treatment with drugs that cant cross membranes ->
condition better treated with long-acting preparation ->
patients who can’t or won’t take oral preparations

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15
Q

what is distribution

A

the movement of drugs throughout the body

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16
Q

what is the distrubution process

A

blood flow to tissues
drugs ability to exit the vascular system
drugs ability to enter cells

17
Q

what is drug metabolism

A

the enzymatic alteration of drug structure to a more water soluble form that can be excreted

18
Q

special factors or considerations in drug metabolism. stuff thatll mess it up

A

age
first pass effect
nutritional status
competition between drugs

19
Q

what is excretion

A

the removal of drugs from the body

20
Q

drugs and their metabolites can exit the body through?

A

bile
urine/ feces
sweat/ saliva
breast milk
expired air

21
Q

monitoring of drug responses

A

plasma drug levels
2 imp levels
therapeutic range
drug half life
repeated dosing

22
Q

plasma drug levels

A

correlation between response to drug and levelin plasma

23
Q

2 important levels

A

minimum effective concentration (MEC)
toxic concentration

24
Q

therapeutic range

A

determines whether the drug can be safely given

25
Q

drug half life

A

determines dosing interval
how long the drugs got before half of its life span goes bye bye

26
Q

repeated dosing

A

determines rate and extent of accumulation

27
Q

Repeated dosing includes a higher loading dose than the maintenance dose so it can get to the site quicker and also faster

A

The loading dose is higher in order to help the patient quicker