Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Pharmacology > Adverse Drug Rections Quiz 3 > Flashcards

Adverse Drug Rections Quiz 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Mild ADR effects

A

Drowsiness
Itchiness
Nausea
Rash

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Severe ADR effects

A

Respiratory depression ( trouble breathing )
Organ injury ( mainly kidney and liver )
Anaphylaxis ( severe allergic reaction )
Death

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What increases the risk of ADR (adverse drug reactions)

A

ppl that are very young and very old

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the impact - for whom is the impact?

A

everyone is impacted

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Side effect definition

A

nearly unavoidable secondary drug effect produced at the therapeutic doses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Toxicity means

A

any severe ADR, regardless of the dose that caused it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Allergic reaction means

A

immune response, the intensity of which is determined by immune system, not dosage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Idiosyncratic effect means

A

effect thats not expected

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Paradoxical effect means

A

the opposite of the intended drug response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Iatrogenic Disease is caused by

A

the result of medical care or treatment ( surgery ), including disease produced by drugs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Physical dependence means

A

body has adapted to drug exposure in such a way that abstinence syndrome will develop if discontinued

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Teratogenic Effect means

A

drug induced birth defect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Carcinogenic Effect means

A

the ability of certain medications and chemicals to cause cancers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What organs are usually affected by organ toxicity?

A

liver
kidneys
heart
lungs
inner ears

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Hepatotoxic Drugs (Liver)

A

primary site of metabolism
drugs are leading cause of liver failure
over 50 commonly given drugs are hepatotoxic
some drug metabolites are hepatotoxic
combining hepatotoxic drugs increases risk of liver injury

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what does DILI mean

A

drug induced liver injury

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Atorvin statin is used for _______ and can cause ______

A

high cholesterol
liver failure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

QT Drugs ( the ekg heart thing )

A

used for prolong QT interval
can cause life threatening dysrhythmias
QT drugs found in several drug classes
females are higher risk
multiple QT drugs shouldn’t be given concurrently ( at the same time )

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

QT intervals

A

some medications are not appropriate for patients with prolonged QT interval

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Nephrotoxic ( Kidneys )

A

toxicity in the kidneys
filter metabolites out of body
cumulative ( add it all together ) exposure can cause damage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Ototoxic ( Ears )

A

ototoxic reactions cause permanent damage
very important to catch it early

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

common drug for ototoxic

A

furosemined ( Lasix ) - can cause deafness

23
Q

Hepatoxic ( Lungs )

A

over 600 drugs are pneumotoxic

24
Q

Identifying Problem that could cause Adverse Drug Reactions

A

Underlying illness
Polypharmacy ( pt takes many drugs, immunocomprimised )
Unknown

25
Questions to Ask
Did symptoms appear shortly after the drug was first used? Did symptoms abate ( go away ) when the drug was discontinued? Did symptoms reappear when the drug was reinstituted? Is the illness itself sufficient to explain the event? ( how to check - labs ) Are other drugs in the regimen sufficient to explain the event?
26
Which are ways to minimize ADR's - early identification - know major ADRs that a drug can produce - monitoring organ function if toxic drugs are given - individualized therapy - patient teaching
early identification know major ADRs that a drug can produce monitoring organ function if toxic drugs are given individualized therapy patient teaching
27
What are black box warnings
strongest safety warning a drug can carry and still remain on the market concise summary of the adverse effects of concern ( warnings & precautions ) the most serious medication warning required by the FDA ( PAY VERY CLOSE ATTENTION )
28
Which are considerations when faced with a BBW? - Does the potential benefit of treatment outweigh the risk? - Are there safer ( and equally effective ) alternatives? - Would a safer but less effective alternative be appropriate? - Is the boxed warning applicable to this specific patient? - Can action be taken to AMELIORATE the potential for adverse reaction?
Does the potential benefit of treatment outweigh the risk? Are there safer ( and equally effective ) alternatives? Would a safer but less effective alternative be appropriate? Is the boxed warning applicable to this specific patient? Can action be taken to AMELIORATE ( help make it better ) the potential for adverse reaction?
29
Medication Errors mean
any preventable event that may cause or lead to inappropriate medication use or patient harm while the medications is in the control of the healthcare professional, patient, or consumer patients can make a medication error too
30
Which are causes of medication errors? A. Human factors B. Communication mistakes C. Name confusion D. Packaging, formulations, and delivery services E. Labeling and reference materials G. All of the above
Human factors Communication mistakes = 90% of fatal errors Name confusion Packaging, formulations, and delivery services Labeling and reference materials
31
Which are factors affecting individual responses to drugs? - body composition - Age - Infants - Pathophysiology - Tolerance - Comorbidities - Diet - Patient Compliance - Medication Errors
Body compositions Age Pathophysiology Tolerance Comorbidities Diet Patient Compliance Medication Errors
32
What is body composition?
if the same dose of a drug is given to a big person and a small person, the drug concentration will be higher in the smaller person
33
Which age demographic affect individual response?
Infants - immature organ systems Older Adults - decline in organ function
34
What pathophysiology factors affecting individual response to drugs?
Kidney Disease - reduces rate of drug EXCRETION ( drugs may accumulate to toxic levels ) Liver Disease - reduces rate of drug METABOLISM ( drugs may accumulate to toxic levels )
35
Decline in liver or kidney function = Increase of level of drug in system T/F
TRUE
36
How does Tolerance affect individual response?
Decreased responsiveness to a drug as a result of repeated drug administration
37
How does Comorbidities and Drug Interactions affect individual response to drugs?
Drugs taken to manage one condition may complicate management of another condition ( other things going on )
38
How does Diet affect individual response?
Good diet can elicit therapeutic responses and reduce harm ADRs Some food can interact with drugs and cause ADRs
39
How does Patient Compliance affect individual response?
Manual dexterity & visual acuity Intellectual capacity & psychologic stage Attitude and belief toward drugs Ability to pay
40
How does Medication Errors affect individual response?
Can happen at any step in the process NURSES ARE THE LAST LINE OF DEFENSE
40
Drug therapy concerns for geriatrics??
Organ function Comorbidities Polypharmacy Noncompliance (the older the person the more meds)
40
Pharmacokinetic changes: Absorption ( Elderly )
rate of absorption slows ( slows down a whole lot ) gastric acidity declines
40
Pharmacokinetic changes: Distribution ( Elderly )
Increased body fat % ( Plasma drug levels reduced ) Decreased % lean body mass ( Plasma drug levels increased ) Decreased total body water ( Plasma drug levels increased ) Decreased serum albumin concentration ( Plasma drug levels increased )
40
Pharmacokinetic Changes: Metabolism ( Elderly )
tends to decline with age Highly variable
40
Pharmacokinetic Changes: Excretion ( Elderly )
Begins to decline progressively in early adulthood MOST IMPORTANT CAUSE OF ADRs IN OLDER ADULTS HIGH LEVELS OF DRUGS IN SYSTEM
40
ADRs 7 times more common in older adults T/F
TRUE
40
ADR in elderly - account for 16% of hospital admissions of older adults - 50% of all medication-relate deaths T/F
TRUE
40
ADR in elderly - mostly dose related - symptoms tend to be nonspecific - older adults less likely to share alcohol or recreational drug use ( shame ) - ADRs are mostly avoidable T/F
TRUE
40
Important Risk Factors ( Elderly ) Include - Reduced renal function: drug accumulation - Polypharmacy - Greater severity of illness - Low therapeutic index drugs - Increased individual variation - Inadequate supervision of long-term therapy - Poor adherence - Metabolism of drug
Reduced renal function: drug accumulation Polypharmacy Greater severity of illness Low therapeutic index drugs Increased individual variation Inadequate supervision of long-term therapy Poor adherence
40
The goal of treatment is to reduce the symptoms and improve quality of life T/F
TRUE
40
Assessment pt consists of what
Drug history Compliance
40
Monitoring pt consists of what
Clinical responses Plasma drug levels
40
Patient education consists of what
How to take medications Stratagies for compliance Simplest regimen possible
40
Patient advocacy consists of what
Easy to open containers Large print Cost

Pharmacology (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions