Pharmacogenomics Flashcards
Pharmacogenetics v Pharmacogenomics
- inherited differences in drug responses (efficacy of drug and adverse drug rxn)
- pharmacogenomics is same idea but larger scale (whole genome)
Companion Diagnostic Test
-Test that determines someone’s potential response to a specific drug by looking at their genes related to that drug
GWAS
Genome Wide Association Studies
Results= most variation in drug responses was due to SNPs in NON-CODING regions
Pharmacokinetics v Pharmacodynamics
Kin- timing of drug in body (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion)
**affected by mutations in CYPs (metabolism) and transporters
Dyn- drug action on specific target molecule
**Affected by mutations in transporters and receptors
CYP Enzyme
Genetic polymorphisms in these enzymes affects pharmacokinetics of drug
Affect how well someone metabolizes a drug
Phase I- catalyze oxidation, reduction and hydrolysis rxn
Phase II- catalyze conjugation rxn
Above rxn transform drugs into more water-soluble forms and aid in their elimination
Ultra Rapid Metabolizer v Poor Metabolizer
CYP genes –> diff categories of metabolism
Ultra Rapid= inc copy # of CYP genes so metabolize drug rapidly and get little effect from normal dose
Poor= homo for gene w/ little or no CYP activity OR compound heterozygote for mult genes w/ little or no activity so may have ADR to standard dose
Pharmacoepigenetics
Epigenetic changes in DNA or chromatin-bound proteins can be induced by environmental agents and alter expression of proteins in drug metabolism or action
(can be inherited but DNA sequence itself not inherited)
Ex- smoking, prenatal diet, stress to baby in development
What causes genetic variation in drug response?
1- insertion/deletion
2- SNPs
3- CNV
Cosmopolitan v Population Polymorphisms
Cosmo= racial specific (OLDER) Pop= ethnicity specific (YOUNGER)
