Pharmacogenetics

Question 1

How much does genetic variation affect pharmacokinetics?

Answer 1

20-95%

Question 2

What is the 4th leading cause of death in the USA?

Answer 2

Adverse drug reactions

Question 3

Most important social factors involving ADRs

Answer 3

Race/ethnicity factors

Question 4

Single-nucleotide polymorphism

Answer 4

Inherited traits that occur at fq of >1% in at least 1 population

Question 5

Pharmacokinetics is affected by what factors?

Answer 5

Absorption, distribution, metabolism, elimination

Question 6

Pharmacodynamics are affected by what variables?

Answer 6

Biological effects, toxicity, efficacy

Question 7

CYP2D6 polymorphism

Answer 7

Affects drug metabolism.

Caucasians have a higher rate of poor metabolism (5-10% in Caucasians and 1% of asians)

Question 8

What CYP2D6 alleles are responsible for fast metabolism of drugs?

Answer 8

1 and 2

Question 9

What CYP2D6 alleles are responsible for slow or poor metabolism of drugs?

Answer 9

4 and 5

Question 10

What is CYP2D6’s role in codeine metabolism?

Answer 10

Converts codeine into morphine

Question 11

What enzyme is affected by drugs that cause oxidative stress?

Answer 11

G6PDH, if pt is deficient, will cause hemolysis

Question 12

What genetic polymorphism is associated with drug-induced hypersensitivity?

Answer 12

Human leukocyte antigen (HLA). Sensitivity includes mild skin rash, liver toxicity, and Stevens-Johnson syndrome

Question 13

What HLA-B allele is sensitive to acabavir?

Answer 13

HLA-B*57:01