Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pharmacology > Pharmacodynamics > Flashcards

Pharmacodynamics Flashcards

1
Q

Pharmacodynamics definition

A

Study of effect of drugs and their mechanism of action in the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Targets for drug action

A
  • Physical interaction

- Biological interaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Physical interactions have _______ effects

A

Non- Specific

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Three examples of physical interaction

A
  • Osmotic diuretics
  • Antacids
  • Radioactive iodine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Osmotic diuretics

A

Ex- Mannitol (sugar molecule)

a hyperosmolar agent that moves through the body and attracts fluid with it until excreted in urine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Antacids

A

Act by direct neutralization of acids in the GI tract

Ex- calcium carbonate tablets

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Radioactive iodine

A

1-31 radiations will destroy all tissue within 2-3 mm

– use in older cats with thyroid issues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Biological interactions

A
  • Non-receptors

- receptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Non- Receptor interactions

A
  • Ion channels
  • Enzymes
  • Carrier protein
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Ion channels in NRI

A

-voltage gates channels
- blocking ion channels by physically obstructing the channel
–ex- lidocaine ( blocked Na+channels)
Modulation of opening and closing the channel
– ex -Amlodipine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Endogenous neurotransmitter

A

Binds to more than one type of receptor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Receptor up regulation

A

Increase the number of receptors and drug effect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Receptor down- regulation

A

Decrease in the number of receptors and effect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Tolerance

A

Gradual decreasing in responsiveness to a drug when given repeatedly over days to months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Tachyphylaxis

A

Acute tolerance developing over a short period of time, sometimes involves depletions of stored mediators

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Ligand

A

Anything that binds to a recognition site

17
Q

Agonist

A

Mimics the effect of an endogenous ligand
-positive response causing action to occur
Affinity and efficacy
– ex: Fentanyl

18
Q

Full agonist

A
  • Spare receptors (receptor reserve)
  • Titrational effect
  • -ex: Morphine
19
Q

Partial agonist

A
  • binds to receptor but does NOT cause much effect as a full agonist
  • still blocks that receptor from full agonist binding
    • ceiling effect
  • -ex: buprenorphine
20
Q

Antagonist

A
  • Binds to the same receptor and prevents an agonist from

- inhibits the effects of the receptor

21
Q

Competitive antagonism

A
  • -most common
  • reversible
  • concentration dependent binding
22
Q

Non-competitive antagonism

A
  • -less common
  • Irreversible
  • prevents actions of the agonist at any concentration
23
Q

Inverse Agonist

A

Binds to the same receptor site and produces the opposite effect as agonist
— ex: carboline

24
Q

Mixed Agonist- Antagonist

A

Acts as a agonist on one type of receptor and as an antagonist on other type of receptors
–Ex: butorphanol

25
Q

Potency

A
  • Concentration of a drug needed to produce the effect
  • dose will account for the potency of drug
  • – more potent ( smaller dose)
26
Q

Maximal effect (ceiling)

A

Point at which increasing concentration does not yield greater response

27
Q

Efficacy

A
  • the minimal effect of a drug can have

* partial agonist may never achieve full efficacy

28
Q

Effective concentration (EC50)

A

50% of maximal response in vitro

- relates to the concentration of the drug at the site

29
Q

Effective dose (ED50)

A

Desired effect in 50% of the population

- relates to the dose given to individuals and observed effect

30
Q

Therapeutic index (TI)

A

A ratio used to evaluate the safety of a drug

  • narrow therapeutic index
  • wide therapeutic index
31
Q

Narrow therapeutic index

A
  • small number, close to 1

- dose required to cause death is close to the dose required to have a therapeutic effect

32
Q

Wide therapeutic index

A

Does required to cause death is much higher than the dose required to have a therapeutic effect

33
Q

Onset of action

A

Time required after drug administration for a response to be observed (latent period)

34
Q

Duration of action

A

Length of time that a drug is effective (from onset of action until termination of action)

Pharmacology (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions