pharmacodynamics Flashcards
what is pharmacodynamics
the study of the effects of drugs and their mechanism of action
what are the 4 categories where drugs exert effect
- receptors
- ion channels
- transporters
- enzyme
what is an acellular interaction
no cells to interact with
how do receptors work
macromolecules on a cells surface that have an effect when a drug binds to it
what are agonists
a drug that interacts with a receptor and initiates a cellular reaction similar to its endogenous neurotransmitter
what are antagonists
a drug that interacts with a receptor that is unable to induce a cellular rection
what factors affect a drugs affinity to its receptor
- size
- electrical charge
- shape
- atomic composition
what is efficacy
- intrinsic activity of a drug that determines its ability to produce an effect - Emax
- the maximum response achievable
what is potency
- a measure of necessary amount of the drug to produce an effect of a given magnitude - ED50
- the strength of the drug for the needed effect
how does ED50 work
the lower the ED50 the more potent as less of a drug is needed to produce the same effect
what is a partial agonist
produces maximal effect but is less than the amount produced by a full agonist
what is a full agonist
- has a high affinity for a receptors
- produces maximal response by occupying a fraction of receptors
what is the purpose of an antagonist
- prevent agonist from binding
- no effect on biological function
- decreases effect of agonist
what are the different types of antagonism
- reversible antagonism
- irreversible antagonism
- non-competitive
- functional
- chemical
- physical
- pharmacokinetic
what is reversible antagonism
- able to bind to the receptor but can be released
- higher agonist will displace antagonist
what is irreversible antagonism
antagonist binding can’t be displaced = covalently bonded