drugs - HF, shock & arrythmias Flashcards
1
Q
what are non-pharmacological managements of SVT
A
- vagal manoeuvres
- carotid massage
- cardioversion
2
Q
what are the 4 classes of anti-arrhythmic medications
A
- sodium channel blockers
- beta blockers
- potassium channel blocking agents
- calcium channel blocking agents
3
Q
what is the mechanism of action of amiodarone
A
- class 3: sodium blocking
- treats arrhythmias above and below AV node
- very potent
- contains iodine, needing additional processing
4
Q
what are the adverse effects of amoidarone
A
- hepatic disorders
- hyperthyroidism
- nausea
- respiratory disorders
- skin reactions
5
Q
what is atropine
A
- non-selective muscarinic antagonist
- used for bradycardia
6
Q
what is the mechanism of action of atropine
A
- M2 receptors are bound with acetylcholine
- these slow down the heart
- atropine blocks the receptors so the heart doesnt slow down
- blocked M2 in SA and AV prevents vagal nerve activity on the heart
7
Q
what is inotropy
A
contraction of the heart
8
Q
what is chronotropy
A
heart rate
9
Q
what is dromotropy
A
conduction velocity
10
Q
what are additional indications for atropine
A
- poisoning by organophosphorus insecticides/ nerve agents
- control of muscarine side effects
- premedication before anaesthesia
11
Q
what are the adverse effects of atropine
A
- constipation
- dizziness
- dry mouth
- flushing
- headache
- nausea
- palpitations
- skin reactions
- urinary disorders
- vision disorders
12
Q
what are common symptoms of acute heart failure
A
- dyspnoea
- peripheral oedema
- cardiogenic shock
- chest pain
13
Q
what is used as acute heart failure management
A
- continuous positive pressure ventilation
- morphine
- GTN
- Furosemide
14
Q
what are the objectives of continuous positive pressure ventilation
A
- open collapsing alveoli
- raise intrathoracic pressure
15
Q
how does CPP open collapsing alveoli
A
- shift fluid in alveoli back into pulmonary capillaries
- reduces pulmonary oedema
- increases intra-alveolar pressure
