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Yr 2: Pharmacology and Therapeutics (MGEM2016 UNUK) > Pharmacodynamics > Flashcards

Pharmacodynamics Flashcards

1
Q

what two things is pharmacology split into

A

Pharmacodynamics and Pharmacokinetics

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2
Q

Define Pharmacodynamics

A

the mechanism of action of a drug (I.e: what the drug does to the body)

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3
Q

Define Pharmacokinetics

A

what the body does to the drug (I.e absorbed, metabolised, excreted etc)

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4
Q

Define pharmacology

A

the science of drugs and their effect on living systems

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5
Q

what is pharmacology not the same as

A

Pharmacy

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6
Q

How do drugs work

A

because they bind to molecules in the body (receptor, enzyme, ion channel etc) and modify the molecules function

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7
Q

what plants do morphine come from

A
  • Papaver somniferum
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8
Q

What are 5 levels that pharmacodynamics is thought on?

A
  1. Whole person
  2. Organ
  3. Tissue
  4. Cells
  5. Molecules
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9
Q

what type of drug is Salbutamol

A
  • an agonist drug
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10
Q
  • describe the 3 steps that happen when Salbutamol is used in an asthma inhaler (For example)
A
  1. Bronchi dilate
  2. airways open more
  3. more air reaches lungs
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11
Q

Salbultamol mimics the action of which drug from the adrenal glands?

A

Adrenaline

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12
Q
  • describe the 3 steps of what happens when salbutamol binds to adrenergic receptors on smooth muscle surface
A
  1. Activates adrenergic receptors
  2. intercellular signals via G proteins are sent around the muscle.
  3. This causes muscle relaxation
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13
Q

are antihistamines antagonist or agonist drugs?

A

Antagonist drugs

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14
Q

what does pollen stimulate to release histamine

A

it stimulates mast cells in the body to release histamine

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15
Q

What 2 things happen when histamine activate histamine receptors in the body?

A
  • swelling
  • fluid exudation (via intracellular signalling
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16
Q

what do anti-histamines do?

A

oppose the action of histamine

17
Q

Why does naloxone work if someone accidentally gets Etorphine in their system?

A

Etorphine is binding and then unbinding from the receptors all the time, so naloxone will compete with etorphine for the receptor binding site. Once naloxone binds to the receptor Etorphine can’t any more.

18
Q

what type of inhibitors are statins?

A

Enzyme inhibitors

19
Q

What 4 enzyme inhibitors inhibit cholesterol synthesis

A
  • atorvastatin
  • simvastatin
  • lovastatin
  • rosuvastatin
20
Q

What type of inhibitor is ibuprofen?

A

Enzyme inhibitor

21
Q

What happens when your body becomes inflamed

A
  1. Swelling
  2. pain due to production of prostaglandins
22
Q

What produces prostaglandins

A

Enzyme cyclooxygenase

23
Q

What does ibuprofen inhibit

A

it inhibits Enzyme Cycloxygenase

24
Q

Via what enzyme do cells in the stomach lining pump hydrogen ions in to the stomach

A

H+/K+ ATPase

25
Q

What do proton pump inhibitors (PPI) prevent and what does this do to the stomach pH

A

H+/K+ ATPase is prevented from working so acid isn’t pumped into the stomach, thus increasing stomach pH

26
Q

What type of drugs are selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)

A

Antidepressants

27
Q

what do SSRIs do

A

They inhibit the transporter protein that moves serotonin from synapse into the cells

28
Q

what do local anaesthetic block and what does this cause?

A

Blocks sodium channels preventing nerve conduction

29
Q

define a drug target interaction

A

When a drug activates or blocks its intended target

30
Q

What 2 molecules have the same effect at voluntary muscles

A
  • nicotine
  • acetylcholine
31
Q

what 2 molecules have the same effect at smooth muscles

A
  • Muscarine
  • acetylcholine
32
Q

Define selectivity in a drug

A

When a drug is able to bind to one receptor subtype without affecting other subtypes

33
Q

what happens when acetylcholine binds to a ligand gated ion channel receptor in regards to the ion channels only

A
  • causes conformation shape change, opening ion channels
34
Q

What way can different receptor subtypes by distinguished

A
35
Q

Why do antagonists have the affects they have?

A

Because they stop the molecule that does do something from binding to the receptors that activate an effect

36
Q

What are the 3 ways drugs can be classified?

A
  • Therapeutic use
  • mode of action
  • chemical structure
37
Q

what is the mechanism of action for local anaesthetics

A

blocks sodium channels, preventing nerve conduction

Yr 2: Pharmacology and Therapeutics (MGEM2016 UNUK) (20 decks)

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