Pharmacodynamics

Question 1

what two things is pharmacology split into

Answer 1

Pharmacodynamics and Pharmacokinetics

Question 2

Define Pharmacodynamics

Answer 2

the mechanism of action of a drug (I.e: what the drug does to the body)

Question 3

Define Pharmacokinetics

Answer 3

what the body does to the drug (I.e absorbed, metabolised, excreted etc)

Question 4

Define pharmacology

Answer 4

the science of drugs and their effect on living systems

Question 5

what is pharmacology not the same as

Answer 5

Pharmacy

Question 6

How do drugs work

Answer 6

because they bind to molecules in the body (receptor, enzyme, ion channel etc) and modify the molecules function

Question 7

what plants do morphine come from

Answer 7

• Papaver somniferum

Question 8

What are 5 levels that pharmacodynamics is thought on?

Answer 8

1. Whole person
2. Organ
3. Tissue
4. Cells
5. Molecules

Question 9

what type of drug is Salbutamol

Answer 9

• an agonist drug

Question 10

• describe the 3 steps that happen when Salbutamol is used in an asthma inhaler (For example)

Answer 10

1. Bronchi dilate
2. airways open more
3. more air reaches lungs

Question 11

Salbultamol mimics the action of which drug from the adrenal glands?

Answer 11

Adrenaline

Question 12

• describe the 3 steps of what happens when salbutamol binds to adrenergic receptors on smooth muscle surface

Answer 12

1. Activates adrenergic receptors
2. intercellular signals via G proteins are sent around the muscle.
3. This causes muscle relaxation

Question 13

are antihistamines antagonist or agonist drugs?

Answer 13

Antagonist drugs

Question 14

what does pollen stimulate to release histamine

Answer 14

it stimulates mast cells in the body to release histamine

Question 15

What 2 things happen when histamine activate histamine receptors in the body?

Answer 15

• swelling
• fluid exudation (via intracellular signalling

Question 16

what do anti-histamines do?

Answer 16

oppose the action of histamine

Question 17

Why does naloxone work if someone accidentally gets Etorphine in their system?

Answer 17

Etorphine is binding and then unbinding from the receptors all the time, so naloxone will compete with etorphine for the receptor binding site. Once naloxone binds to the receptor Etorphine can’t any more.

Question 18

what type of inhibitors are statins?

Answer 18

Enzyme inhibitors

Question 19

What 4 enzyme inhibitors inhibit cholesterol synthesis

Answer 19

• atorvastatin
• simvastatin
• lovastatin
• rosuvastatin

Question 20

What type of inhibitor is ibuprofen?

Answer 20

Enzyme inhibitor

Question 21

What happens when your body becomes inflamed

Answer 21

1. Swelling
2. pain due to production of prostaglandins

Question 22

What produces prostaglandins

Answer 22

Enzyme cyclooxygenase

Question 23

What does ibuprofen inhibit

Answer 23

it inhibits Enzyme Cycloxygenase

Question 24

Via what enzyme do cells in the stomach lining pump hydrogen ions in to the stomach

Answer 24

H+/K+ ATPase

Question 25

What do proton pump inhibitors (PPI) prevent and what does this do to the stomach pH

Answer 25

H+/K+ ATPase is prevented from working so acid isn’t pumped into the stomach, thus increasing stomach pH

Question 26

What type of drugs are selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)

Answer 26

Antidepressants

Question 27

what do SSRIs do

Answer 27

They inhibit the transporter protein that moves serotonin from synapse into the cells

Question 28

what do local anaesthetic block and what does this cause?

Answer 28

Blocks sodium channels preventing nerve conduction

Question 29

define a drug target interaction

Answer 29

When a drug activates or blocks its intended target

Question 30

What 2 molecules have the same effect at voluntary muscles

Answer 30

- nicotine - acetylcholine

Question 31

what 2 molecules have the same effect at smooth muscles

Answer 31

- Muscarine - acetylcholine

Question 32

Define selectivity in a drug

Answer 32

When a drug is able to bind to one receptor subtype without affecting other subtypes

Question 33

what happens when acetylcholine binds to a ligand gated ion channel receptor in regards to the ion channels only

Answer 33

- causes conformation shape change, opening ion channels

Question 34

What way can different receptor subtypes by distinguished

Question 35

Why do antagonists have the affects they have?

Answer 35

Because they stop the molecule that does do something from binding to the receptors that activate an effect

Question 36

What are the 3 ways drugs can be classified?

Answer 36

- Therapeutic use - mode of action - chemical structure

Question 37

what is the mechanism of action for local anaesthetics

Answer 37

blocks sodium channels, preventing nerve conduction