Neuropharm 3: Depression, Anxiety, Schizophrenia Flashcards
1. drug evolution
what drugs did chlorpromazine pioneer?
anti-psychotics:
* olanzapine
* clozapine
* quetiapine
drug evolution
what was amitriptyline and imipramine discovered to have an ability to do?
discovered ability to inhibit Noradrenaline reuptake
Depression – Monoamine theory
in 1950s and 1960s, what was drugs were shown to improve mood?
- Tricyclic antidepressants inhibit NA and 5HT
- MAO inhibitors increasing stores of NA and 5HT
Depression – Monoamine theory
in 1950s and 1960s, what was drugs were shown to decrease mood and why?
Reserpine - as inhibits noradrenaline and 5HT storage
a-methyl tyrosine and methyldopa inhibit noradrenaline synthesis
Depression – other ideas?
what are some competing theories on the mechanisms of depression
- GABA systems may be affected
- regulation of neurogenesis may be involved
Depression – other ideas?
what ideas on depression did 2000s believed?
believed that there were potential changes in gene transcription
Depression – Uptake inhibitors
what do tricyclic antidepressants do and what do them being unselective mean
tricyclic antidepressants include amitriptyline and imipramine
- block both NA and 5HT reuptake
- them being unselective means they have antimuscarinic and antihistamine activity
Depression – Uptake inhibitors
when are tricyclic antidepressants dangerous
- dangerous in overdose
- dangerous when taken with alcohol
Depression – Uptake inhibitors
what are unwanted effects of tricyclic antidepressants
- dry mouth
- consipation
- blurred vision
- urinary retention
- sedation
- confusion
- impotence
Depression – Uptake inhibitors
what can prolonged QT caused by tricyclic antidepressants cause?
sudden cardiac death
Depression – Uptake inhibitors
what are the names for antidepressant drugs that are:
serotonin selective
noradrenaline selective
non-selective
and what drugs fall into each category out of the ones below
Drugs: amitriptyline, imipramine, fluoxetine, citalopram, lofepramine
serotonin selective: SSRIs - fluoxetine, citalopram
noradrenaline selective: NRIs - lofepramine
non-selective: SNRIs - amitriptyline, imipramine
Depression – Uptake Inhibitors
what are unwanted effects of SSRIs
nausea, diarrhoea, insomnia
Depression – Uptake Inhibitors
what should you not use SSRIs and SNRIs in combination with
MAO inhibitors
Depression – Uptake Inhibitors
what can SSRIs and SNRIs inhibit
can inhibit metabolism of other drugs
Depression – Uptake Inhibitors
what is prolonged QT leading to cardiac death thought to be related to?
thought to be related to potassium channels in heart
