Pharmacodynamics Flashcards
Name the 4 mechanisms
Receptors
Ion channels
Carrier molecules
Enzymes
What is a protein?
A protein is made up of amino acids which form long chains
What is an ion?
An ion is a molecule with an electrical charge, can be positive or negative charge
What is tachyphylaxis?
A rapid desensitisation to a substrate caused by cellular change and metabolic degradation, change or loss of receptors
What are the 4 main types of receptors?
Ion channels
G-coupled protein
Nuclear
Kinase
Explain ionotropic (4)
Ligand gated
Nicatinic ACh receptor
Works on excitable tissue
Works in milliseconds
Explain metabotropic (6)
G-coupled proteins
2nd messengers
7 TMD
Amplifies signals
Drugs usually lipophilic
Can be complex
What is kinase-linked? (3)
Drugs take longer to work
Insulin/growth hormones
2 important pathways
-cell division and growth
-inflammation
What is a nuclear receptor? (6)
Can switch genes on and off
Powerful receptor
Ligands have to enter cell to bind
Effects have slow onset
Intracellular protein
Eg, steroids
Explain ion channels (6)
Important if rapid response required
Drugs block or modulate channels
Can be open, closed or inactive
Made up of proteins
Have 4 main channels
Examples, benzos and anesthetics
What are the 4 ion channels?
Ligand gated
Volted gated
Mechanically gated
Intra or extracellular gated
What is a carrier protein? (5)
Protein that helps substrate across the cell membrane
Shape specific
Can be targeted and blocked
Have 3 types
Examples, glucose, ions and amino acids
What are the 3 types of carrier protein?
Transporter- single molecule
Symporter - 2 same direction
Antiporter - 2 opposite direction
What are enzymes?
Enzymes speed up reactions
Act on specific sustrates
Contribute to a large number of drug reactions
What is an enzyme? (4)
Speeds up reaction
Act on specific substrates
Part of a lg number of drug reactions
Can incluse analoge, false or conversion of pro drugs