Pharmacodynamics

Question 1

differentiate between drug pharmacokinetic and drug pharmacodynamic interactions

Answer 1

a pharmacodynamic interaction would be the drugs acting on the body, but a pharmacokinetic interaction would be the body acting on the drug.

Question 2

describe basic features of the dose response relationship

Answer 2

as the dose is increased, so is the effect of the drug, however, it will plateau out after a certain period of time.

Question 3

contrast drug efficacy with potency

Answer 3

1. Drug efficacy is how effective a drug is with a patient population
2. Drug potency is how much or little of the drug is needed to get the desired effect

Question 4

name 4 receptor types and give an example of each

Answer 4

cell membrane embedded enzymes–Insulin
ligand gated ion channel–GABA, acetylcholine
g proteins-coupled receptor–serotonin, histamine, peptide hormones
transcription factors-thyroid and steroid hormones (progesterone, testosterone, cortisol)

C
L
G
T

Question 5

what are drug receptors and what happens when a drug binds to them?

Answer 5

drug receptors are places in the cell where drugs can attach themselves to create a change.
When a cell binds to the receptor, there always is a conformational change in the cell, allowing the drug to enter and do it’s thing.

Question 6

define modified occupancy of drug-receptor interaction by affinity and intrinsic activity

Answer 6

drugs with high affinity are strongly attracted to their receptors and VV
drugs with high intrinsic activity have high maximal efficacy and cause intense receptor activation

Question 7

effective dose, maximal efficacy, relative potency, safety

Answer 7

effective dose: a dosage at which the drug produces the effect it was intended for (minimum effective dose)

maximal efficacy: the largest effect that a drug can produce

relative potency: the amount of drug we must give to elicit an effect.

safety: the condition of being protected from or unlikely to cause danger, risk, or injury.

Question 8

receptors, agonists, antagonists

Answer 8

receptors: the places on a cell where the drug can bind to produce it’s effect
agonists: molecules that activate receptors
antagonists: molecules that produce their effects by preventing receptor activation by endogenous regulatory molecules and drugs.

Agonists are made to CREATE AN ACTION
Antagonists BLOCK AN ACTION