Intro to Pharm

Question 1

pharmacology

Answer 1

the science of how drugs act on biological systems and how the system responds to the drug.

Question 2

drugs

Answer 2

small molecules/chemicals that affect living processes

Question 3

clinical pharmacology

Answer 3

applies the basic science/principles of pharmacology to the practice of medicine. This knowledge is used to achieve optimal therapeutic outcomes through the appropriate preparation and dispensing of drugs.

Question 4

Properties of an ideal drug-efficacy

Answer 4

the ability to produce a desired or intended result.

the drug can do what it needs to do for a wide population of people

Question 5

properties of an ideal drug-safety

Answer 5

can the drug’s toxicities be managed and acceptable for a risk/benefit analysis, or is the drug unsafe?

Question 6

properties of an ideal drug-selectivity

Answer 6

-does the drug elicit the response for which it is given

Question 7

further properties of an ideal drug

Answer 7

reversible action, predictability, low cost, ease of admin, freedom from drug interactions, chemical stability, simple generic name

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Question 8

What is the objective of drug therapy?

Answer 8

to optimize efficacy and minimize toxicity, also known as maximum benefit with minimum harm

remember this is pt. centered

Question 9

Factors that determine the intensity of drug responses

Answer 9

administration, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, sources of individual variation

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Question 10

PRN medication order

Answer 10

from the latin, pro re nada, meaning as needed. For these medications, it is up to the nurse to give them upon their discretion

Question 11

contraindication

Answer 11

the drug should ABSOLUTELY NOT be used in the patient

Question 12

precaution

Answer 12

you can give the drug but it the response to it should be monitored.

Question 13

what are the three types of drug names?

Answer 13

chemical name, brand name, generic name

Question 14

list the traditional 5 rights but describe the limitations of this

Answer 14

right client 
right drug 
right dose 
right time 
right route

the limitation is….

Question 15

describe the differences of over the counter and prescription drugs

Answer 15

OTC meds are considered safe for everyone, and do not need a doctor’s order to be obtained. Prescription drugs do need a doctor’s order to be obtained.

Question 16

Harris-Kefauver amendments

what are they and what do they do?

Answer 16

Drugs must be proved effective before marketing
Drugs have to offer some benefit
Any drug created since 1932 must be evaluated for effectiveness or be withdrawn

Question 17

2007 FDA Amendments Act

Answer 17

Rigorous oversight of drug safety after a drug is approved

Question 18

2009 Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act

Answer 18

Allows FDA to regulate cigarettes by restricting advertising and prohibit advertising to youth, more prominent warning labels, restrict harmful additives and monitor nicotine levels

Question 19

Comprehensive Addiction recovery act of 2016

Answer 19

Combat nationwide opioid epidemic
Prevention, treatment, rehabilitation/recovery
First responder opioid reversal

Question 20

describe the method that the FDA uses to approve drugs in clinical trials

Answer 20

Subjects given new drug and some given placebo or standard treatment
Controls and experimental group should be similar
Randomized to experimental or control
Study blinding: researcher does not know who gets which treatment

Question 21

limitations of clinical trials for drugs

Answer 21

women and children underrepresented, failure to identify all adverse effects.