pharmacist and ther profession - #1

Question 0

what occurred during the transitional period

Answer 0

1) pure food and drug act 1906
2) food drug and cosmetic act 1938
3) pharmacy education: 4 years bs degree
3) pharmacists prepared, evaluated drug product, and recommend treatment and patient education

Question 1

major periods of pharmacy practice

Answer 1

traditional 1900-1940
transitional 1940-1970
patient-care 1970-present

Question 2

in the transitional period (1940-1970), 3 major forces that influenced the movement away from tradition era were:

Answer 2

technical advances
creation of legend drugs in 1951
boundaries set by the profession

Question 3

in APha code of ethics, its states that the primary obligation of pharmacy is what?

Answer 3

1) service
2) safeguarding the preparation
4) compounding
5) dispensing of drugs
6) storage
7) handling of drugs

Question 4

what does the APha state that the pharmacist CANNOT do?

Answer 4

cannot discuss the therapeutic effects or composition of the prescription with a patient. The must must ask a qualified practioner

Question 5

events of the transitional period

Answer 5

1) pharmacist becomes dispenser of pre-fabricated drugs
2) BS program extended 5 years
3) product-focused practice
4) 1st signs of identity crisis in profession: overeducated & underutilized

Question 6

important dates of the transition period and its significance

Answer 6

• emergence of hospital pharmacy 1950s
• birth of clinical pharmacy 1960
• ninth floor project at UCSF medical center 1966

Question 7

Era that is also known as “Count, Pour, Lick and Stick”

Answer 7

transitional period

Question 8

Donal Brodie stated in 1965:(3)

Answer 8

• goal of pharmacy must be safe use of drugs by public
• function of pharmacy is clinical in nature
• identified as drug use control

Question 9

ninth floor project at UCSF medical center

Answer 9

applied concept of hospital pharmacy and drug use control

hospital pharmacists introduced clinical pharmacy

Question 10

clinical pharmacy during transitional period signified what

Answer 10

major reconstructive movement

initially not well received until a few decades passed

Question 11

what occurred during the end of the transitional period

Answer 11

professional diversity
rapid expansion of function
change in APha code of ethics in 1969

Question 12

what changes were made to the APha code of ethics

Answer 12

health and safety of patient first

render full measure of their ability as an essential health practitioner to the patient

Question 13

patient care period 1970-present

Answer 13

1) pharmacy in search for a role
considered businessmen
2) not prepared to communicate with physicians, patients, HC professional
3) resentment between clinical and nonclinical sectors
4) drug misadventures and patient noncompliance costly - pharmacist should be the one to address

Question 14

pharmaceutical care - hepler & strand 1990, responsible for:

Answer 14

provision of drug therapy for the purpose of achieving definite outcomes that improve a patients quality of life:

• cure disease
• arresting or slowing down disease
• reduction/elimination of symptoms
• preventing disease or symptom

Question 15

medical care role in drug-use process
focus:
knowledge:
role in drug use:

Answer 15

focus: diagnose and treatment
knowledge: pathology
Role in drug use: prescribing

Question 16

nursing care role in drug-use process

Answer 16

focus: give care during treatment
knowledge: biological, physiological, social, spiritual human responses
drug use: administer drug

Question 17

what occurred at the turn of the 21 century

Answer 17

pharmacists mandates - to prevent morbidity and mortality through pharmaceutical care
education extended to 6 years- pharm D (2000)
increased post-grad training
expansion of professional organization

Question 18

a service or group of services that optimize therapeutic outcomes and are independent of , but can occur in conjunction with provision of medication product

Answer 18

MTM medication therapy management

stated in the 2004 consensus statement

Question 19

some of the services MTM (medication therapy management include)

Answer 19

assessment of patient health status
medication treatment plan
selecting, initiating, modifying or admin of medication
monitoring therapy
medication review to identify, resolve and prevent medication issues
document
etc.

Question 20

1974 & 1987 omnibus budget reconcilation act (OBRA)

Answer 20

establish drug regimen review (DRR)

consultant pharmacists must conduct monthly DRR of residents in skilled-care nursing facilities

Question 21

1990: OBRA 90

Answer 21

• establishes drug utilization review (DUR) for medicaid recipients
• pharmacists must:
  monitor past patterns of drug misuse
  monitor current therapy
  offer patient consulting

Question 22

2003 medicare prescribing drug, improvement, and modernization act (MMA)

Answer 22

required medicare D and medicare advantage prescription drug plans to provide MTM programs using pharmacists or other qualified providers

Question 23

2010 healthcare reform (ACA)

Answer 23

specifically identifies pharmacists as provided of MTM and as members of the new integrated healthcare delivery models