health care profesionals #2 Flashcards by Sofia Gross

health care providers

physicians
physician assistants
podiatrist
optometrist
other allied healthcare providers
nurses
dentist

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pharmacists employment % in retail and in hospitals

22. 2

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professions exist to serve society and have:

body of knowledge
authority and privileges
culture
professional organization
ethical codes and internal controls
community sanction

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hierarchy of healthcare professionals 2010

nurses > physicians > pharmacists > dentists > optometrist

shortage in rural and low income areas

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physicians - major decision makers (highest responsibility and influence) in US HCS are in charge of (3)

select treatment
admission and discharge
diagnosing illness

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practice allopathic medicine

most common type of physician

MD medical doctor

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this practice focuses on “whole person” approach in medicine

emphasis on musculoskeletal system, preventative medicine, and holistic care and manipulation

DO doctor of osteopathic medicine

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MD and DO pattern of practice

private practice

ambulatory/hospital care

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medical education and license requirements

pre-med (BA/BS degree)
med school: 2 years in class study, 2 years clinical training
residency: 1 yr intern, 2 yr and 3 yr residency
license: USMLE or COMPLEX, internship, good moral character
Fellowship
board certification

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health care professions that are licensed to practice medicine under a physician’s supervision

an extension of medicine but not considered its own profession

PA physician assistant

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military medics and corpsmen

1st program established at duke university 1965

physician assistant PA

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PA training

~26 months

masters degree

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practice setting for physician assistant

any setting physicians provide care
44% primary care
> 50% in physicians’ office

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PA scope of practice

diagnostic
prescribe
preventative
health maintenance

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physician assistants in florida are excluding from prescribing: 5

controlled substances
anti-psychotics
radiographic contrast
general, spinal, epidural, anesthetics
parenteral injectables except insulin and epinephrine

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licensure for PA

graduate from PA program

national certification examination (PA-C)

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registered nurses include:

supervise LPN and NA

ARNP advanced registered nurse practitioner
CNM certified nurse-midwife
CRNA certified registered nurse anesthetist
CNS clinical nurse specialist

LPN

licensed practical nurse

an assistant, not a nurse

CNA/NA - certified nurse assistant

nurse scope of practice

care and treatment of ill or injured

health education

percent of nurses employed in hospitals

62%

RN training

hospital based diploma
2 year associates of science in Nursing (ADN)
4 years bachelor of science in nursing BSN

RN licensure

graduate of nursing training program

national council licensure examination NCLEX

role of LPN, licensed practical nurse (also known as LVN- licensed vocational nurse):

training:

licenses:

care for sick/injured under DIRECT supervision of RN/physician
basic bedside care
training: 1 yr
license: LPN program and state license

nurse assistants, also called nursing aides role: training: License:

assist with daily activities training: less than 1 yr at vocational tech centers state exam for certification

requirements for florida certification: ARNP, CNM, CRNA | (advanced registered nurse practitioner, certified nurse mid-wife, certified registered nurse anesthetist

current nursing license masters degree in a nursing specialty area national specialty board certification

advance registered nurse practitioner ARNP

practice independently supervised under protocol by physicians or dentist

protocol on file with board of nursing allow advance registered nurse practitioner to:

identify med acts to be performed conditions for performing duty of physician/dentist: collaboration agreement initiate monitor alter therapies for uncomplicated acute illnesses

certified nurse midwife

may practice independently under protocol approved by med staff or physician in home deliveries

certified mid wife nurses under protocol may perform:

superficial minor surgical procedures manage patient during labor and delivery order, initiate, perform anesthetic procedures postpartum examinations order appropriate medications provide family-planning services and well-woman care initiate care of new born

certified nurse anesthetists

oldest of the advanced practice nurse specialties admin 65% of anesthetics/yr practice under protocol approved by med staff or facility

certified registered nurse anesthetist under protocol may:

determine, order, admin anesthetic and pre-anesthetic medications support lifer function during anesthetics care manage post anesthesia recovery

clinical nurse specialist function/role

largest group may function as case manager cannot prescribe specialize in pediatrics, diabetes, pain management etc

dentist DDS or DMD

prevent diagnose and maintain health of teeth/tissue education: bachelors, 4 yr dental school, post grad training for specialty licensed: graduate of dental program and written and practical exam may prescribe 85 % generalist self employed/private

podiatrist DPM role/education

diagnose and treat disorders, diseases and injuries of foot and lower leg education : 4 years - podiatry school license: graduate from program and written and oral exam can prescribe drugs necessary for treatment of ailment of foot and leg

optometrist OD

diagnose /treat disorders of eye and visual system education: 4 yrs optometry school license: written and oral exam prescribing limited to topical ocular pharmaceutical agents no surgery

care by multiple providers, working independently | most common model in US today

multidisciplinary care

- systemic team approach-care by multiple providers collaborating - higher quality of care, more cost effective

interdisciplinary care

" all healthcare professionals should be educated to deliver patient-centered care as members of an interdisciplinary team emphasizing evidence-based practice, quality improvement approaches and informatics

IOM

two or more professions learning with, from and about each other to improve collaboration and quality of care

IPE interpersonal education

goal of IPE (interpersonal education)

learn hoe to function in an inter-professional team and carry the knowledge skill and attitude learned into practice