Pharmaceutical Groups

Question 1

What system do anaesthetics act onto anaesthetise an animal (can be injectable or inhaled)?

Answer 1

Nervous system

Question 2

What is defined as a reversible immobile state that induces amnesia?

Answer 2

General anesthesia

Question 3

What three components does the ‘triad of anesthesia’ have ?

Answer 3

Muscle relaxation, unconsciousness and pain relief

Question 4

What form of anesthesia, characterized by catatonia, analgesia and amnesia but does not necessarily involve loss of consciousness?

Answer 4

Dissociative anaesthetics

Question 5

What type of anaesthetic blocks the relay of nociceptive (pain) information from the site of injury to the spinal cord?

Answer 5

Local anaesthetic

Question 6

Lidocaine is a type of what?

Answer 6

Regional anesthesia - can be used for minor procedures in a sedated patient, such as placement of a central line suture and very small wounds or lancing abscesses

Question 7

What works on the nervous system to help control pain?

Answer 7

Analgesics

Question 8

What are methadone, buprenorphin, morphine, and fentanyl examples of?

Answer 8

Opioid analgesics - powerful painkillers which also cause sedation in many patients

Question 9

What type of painkillers can be used in a combination with opioids as part of a multi modal programme?

Answer 9

Non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS) commonly used to manage chronically painful conditions like osteoarthritis

Question 10

Which drug are immune modulators and can be used for conditions like inflammatory bowel disease and are widely used to manage allergic skin disease?

Answer 10

Corticosteroids

Question 11

What group of corticosteroids is used to group treat Addison’s?

Answer 11

Mineralocorticoids

Question 12

What is the name of the group of corticosteroids that are used as anti-inflammatory and immune modulators?

Answer 12

Glucocorticoids

Question 13

What group of drugs can either be bactericidal or bacteriostatic?

Answer 13

Antimicrobials

Question 14

What is the name for cytotoxic drugs used in chemotherapy protocols?

Answer 14

Antineoplastics

Question 15

What group of drugs stimulate the kidneys to excrete more water through the urine and are often used to manage patients with heart failure?

Answer 15

Diuretics

Question 16

Which diuretics act to prevent reabsorption of sodium in the kidney?

Answer 16

Loop diuretics

Question 17

Which diuretics antagonise the effects of aldosterone and reduce the need for potassium supplement?

Answer 17

Potassium sparing diuretics

Question 18

Which diuretic inhibits reabsorption of water and sodium?

Answer 18

Osmotic diuretics

Question 19

What is the mineral commonly used in dusting powders for exotics?

Answer 19

Calcium

Question 20

What mineral is used in the treatment of hypokalemia?

Answer 20

Potassium

Question 21

What mineral salts can be used for renal disease?

Answer 21

Phosphate binders

Question 22

What vitamin can you use to help with GI disease and diarrhoea

Answer 22

Vitamin b12

Question 23

What vitamin can be used as an antidote for anti-coagulant rodenticide toxicity ?

Answer 23

Vitamin K

Question 24

What drug group can be used to manage seizures and are often sedative and can be addictive?

Answer 24

Anticonvulsants - examples soliphen and ziapam

Question 25

What sedative group had a long duration of action(6 hours)?

Answer 25

Phenothiazines

Question 26

Sedation is increased when combined with opioids, these sedatives provide good muscle relaxation and contribute to a multimodal analgesia technique and contributes to balanced anaesthesia. What group of sedatives are these ?

Answer 26

Alpha-2 Agonists

Question 27

What group of drugs can be used to manage a variety of disorders including compulsive behaviors during spraying separation anxiety excessive grooming and favour plucking?

Answer 27

Behaviour modifying agents

Question 28

What type of drugs do hyperthyroidism and diabetes mellitus need?

Answer 28

Endocrine system drugs

Question 29

There are three groups of endocrine system drugs, what are they?

Answer 29

Hormones, hormone blockers and hormone production inhibitor

Question 30

Under the drug group 'gastrointestinal drugs' what are used to reduce gastric acid secretion by reducing nausea and reducing the risk of gastric ulceration?

Answer 30

Antacids

Question 31

What drugs are used to reduce nausea and vomiting in patients by blocking receptors in the chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ) of the brain?

Answer 31

Anti-emetics

Question 32

What type of drug is used to induce vomiting?

Answer 32

Emetic

Question 33

What type of drugs work to stimulate motility of the intestines?

Answer 33

Prokinetics

Question 34

Antiarrhythmics, positive inotropes and vasodilators are types of which drug group ?

Answer 34

Cardiovascular drugs

Question 35

Mucolytics, antitussives and bronchodilators are examples of which drug group

Answer 35

Respiratory drugs

Question 36

Cortavance, canaural, aurizon, cytopoint, dexafort, apoquel and piriton would come under what drug group?

Answer 36

Dermatological drugs

Question 37

Medications for eye issues would fall under which drugs group?

Answer 37

Ophthalmic drugs

Question 38

Which injection is used to administer medication to the fatty layer of tissue (hypodermis) just under the epidermis and dermis, can be given anywhere there is loose skin, its tolerated well by most animals and the speed of onset of effect is 30 minutes?

Answer 38

Subcutaneous (SC)

Question 39

What injection should be given at a 90° angle?

Answer 39

Intramuscular (IM)

Question 40

What injection should be given at a 45° angle?

Answer 40

Subcutaneous (SC)

Question 41

What injection should be given at a 25° angle?

Answer 41

Intravenous (IV)

Question 42

Administered directly into the belly of a muscle, can be painful and the speed of onset of effect is 20 minutes. What injection is this?

Answer 42

Intramuscular (IM)

Question 43

With an IM injection what sites are examples of common muscles that can be used in cats and dogs?

Answer 43

Triceps brachii, epaxial muscles and quadriceps

Question 44

What site should an IM injection be given for a guinea pig?

Answer 44

Lumbar

Question 45

What site should an IM injection be given for a rabbit?

Answer 45

Epaxial muscles and quadriceps

Question 46

When we pull back the plunger of the syringe before injecting a medication what should not be present?

Answer 46

Blood

Question 47

For an IM injection what volume should be administered at one side for a dog?

Answer 47

Up to 5 mls

Question 48

For an IM injection what volume should be administered at one side for a dog?

Answer 48

Up to 5 mls

Question 49

For an IM injection what volume should be administered at one side for a cat?

Answer 49

Up to 2mls

Question 50

Fastest distribution to site of action, can give fluids to replace blood circulating volume, Large volumes of medication can be given and speed of onset is 0-2 minutes, what injection is this?

Answer 50

Intravenous

Question 51

How should suspension never be given ?

Answer 51

Intravenously - they could block capillaries in the lungs