Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms Flashcards by mozz quark

injected directly into the blood stream through a vein

intravenous (IV) route

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precisely describes the atomic and molecular structure of a drug

chemical name

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preparations containing water-soluble and heat-stable constituents extracted from crude drugs by boiling the latter in water

decoctions

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intended for external application to the skin or mucous membranes; can be medicated or not

ointments

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dispensed as powder but dissolved in a specified quantity of warm water

douches

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designed to release the API in a pre-determined manner over an extended period

extend release tablets (controlled-release tablets)

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alcoholic solutions from vegetable materials or other chemical substanes

tinctures

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uncoated, bullet-shaped, or ovoid inserted into the vagina for localized effects

vaginal tablets/inserts

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generally contains acid substances (citric and tartaric acids) and carbonates or bicarbonates

effervescent tablets

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alcoholic solutions of volatile substances prepared usually by simple solution or by admixture of the ingredients; can be taken orally, externally, or inhalation

spirits

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are preparations made up of finely divided solids distributed uniformly in a liquid vehicle where it exhibits minimum solubility

suspensions

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these are hard, compressed medication in variety of shapes

tablets

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applied to mucous membranes of the nose and throat by means of an atomizer or nebulizer

sprays

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designed to be administered to the ears

otic or aural solutions

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are the means by which drug molecules are delivered to the sites of action

dosage form

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has the ability to vanish into the skin upon rubbing and ability to absorb serous discharges from skin lesions

creams

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used for treating the pharynx and nasopharynx

gargles

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rectal injection employed to evacuate the bowel, contained in a plastic squeeze bottle

enemas

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contains a larger proportion of solid material than ointments

pastes

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drug is administered in the form of a patch or ointment that delivers the drug into the circulation for systemic effect

transdermal route

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drugs or solutions of drugs administered by the nasal route for local or systemic effect

inhalations

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administered with the aid of inhalers that delivers micronized drugs in metered quantities

aerosols

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used for oils and API that are dissolved or suspended in oil

soft gelatin capsules

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these are finely divided powders administered to the body cavity using a device known as an “insufflator”

insufflations

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drug + excipients

dosage form

injected directly into the joint space e.g. hydrocortisone injection for rheumatoid arthritis

intra-articular route

known as "individualized powders"

chartulae

preparations that contain one or more chemical substances dissolved in a suitable solvent mixture that is miscible

solutions

used to wash or bathe surgical incisions, wounds, or other body tissues

irrigation solutions

a gel mass consisting of floccules of small, distinct particles

magma

what are the 11 routes of administration of a drug?

oral, parenteral, sublingual, intra respiratory, urethral, transdermal, vaginal, rectal, intra ocular, conjunctival, and intra nasal

two types of syrups

medicated and non-medicated syrups

masks the unpleasant taste of drugs, offers protection of the drug

sugar-coated tablets

two types of inserts

suppositories and vaginal inserts

are inactive pharmaceutical ingredients

excipients

powders that adhere or bond to each other to form larger unit particles

granules

a capsule-shaped tablet that allows the coated product to be about one-third smaller than a capsule filled with equivalent amount of powder

gelatin coated tablet (gelcap)

nonproprietary name; abbreviation of chemical name; official name listed in USP

generic name

these are intimate mixtures of finely divided drugs of chemicals intended to be used externally or internally

powders

more preferred than ointments because of ease in spreadability; is less sticky and lighter than ointments

creams

placed in the oral cavities and can be taken without water

orally disintegrating tablets (ODT)

3 different types of solutions

aqueous solutions, viscid aqueous solutions, and non aqueous solutions

an agent intended for use in the diagnosis, mitigation, treatment, cure, or prevention of disease in man or other animals.

drug

aids in the processing of the drug deliver system during its manufacture; assists in the effectiveness and maintaining the integrity of the drug product

excipients

8 types of tablets

compressed tablets (C.T.), multiple compresses tablets (M.C.T.), sugar-coated tablets (S.C.T.), film-coated tablets (F.C.T.), enteric coated tablets (E.T.C.), chewable tablets, effervescent tablets, and extended release tablets

ointments are for? (3)

emollients (makes skin more pliable), protective barrier, and vehicles (to incorporate a medication)

used by physicians in extemporaneous preparations of parenterals

hypodermic tablets

types of suppositories

rectal, vaginal, and urethral

these evolve into carbon dioxide when added to water

effervescent granunles

prepared aggregates of powders

granules

this makes the tablet more durable

film

disintegrates or dissolves in the mouth within a minute, some within 10 seconds

rapidly dissolving tablets

6 transdermal dosage forms

ointments, creams, pastes, plasters, aerosols, and lotions

brand/proprietary name; name selected by the manufacturer

trade name

dry-filled capsules, two-piece capsule; has two parts—head/cap and body

hard gelatin capsules

has a delayed-release property; prevents *gastric mucosa*

enteric coated tablets

stiffer/harder than ointments, thus remains in place after application and are effectively employed to absorb serous secretions

pastes

designed to be administered to the nasal passages in the form of drops or sprays

nasal solutions

used to be dusted on the skin by sprinkling or using sifter-top containers

dusting powders

has a thin layer of polymer or plastic-like material

film-coated tablet

dilute solutions of readily soluble constituents of crude drugs prepared by short maceration of drugs with either cold/boiling water

infusions

concentrated preparations of vegetable or animal drugs

extracts

adhesive mass that is spread on a backing of paper, fabric, moleskin, and plastic

plasters

what are the physical forms of drugs?

solid, semi-solid, liquid, and gaseous

most widely used dosage form

tablets

easier to spread and remove than ointment; not applied on hairy parts of the body

pastes

dissolves faster and are absorbed through the mucus membranes of the mouth, where they enter into the systemic circulation

sublingual tablets

contains one or more medicinal agents; dissolved or dispersed in either emulsion or water-washable base

creams

strict aseptic precautions should be taken, repeated administration may cause damage to the articular cartilage

intra-articular route

flat, oval tablets that erode slowly in the cheeks

buccal tablets

used as a cleansing or antiseptic agent directed against a part or into the body cavities

douches

intranasal dosage forms

solutions, sprays, and inhalers

these solid dosage forms are small individualized drug particles.

powders

has a creamy base, usually of special flavored and colored mannitol

chewable tablets

has a greater aesthetic appeal for its non-greasy character

creams

parenteral routes of administration

intravenous (IV), intramuscular (IM), intraosseous (IO), subcutaneous (SC), intrathecal, and intra-articular route

have smooth, rapid disintegration when chewed or swallowed or allowed to dissolve in the mouth

chewable tablets

releases gas in contact with water

effervescent tablets

preparation of vaginal douche; used for hygienic effect or anti-infective

douche powder

two types of powders

bulk and divided

involves separation of medicinally active portions of plants or animal tissue from inactive or inert components by use of selective solvents

extraction

are concentrated solutions of sugar such as sucrose in water

syrups

clear, saturated aqueous solutions of volatile oils or other volatile substanes

aromatic water

two types of capsules

soft gelatin and hard gelatin

are alcoholic or hydroalcoholic liquid preparations of vegetables containing alcohol

fluid extracts

3 purposes of suspensions

sustaining effect, stability, and taste

used to cleanse the bowel in large intestines before and after surgery

enemas

the drug is injected into the layers of the skin

intradermal route

injected into large muscles such as deltoid, gluteus, maximus, and vastus lateralis

intramuscular (IM) route

applied to skin to provide a prolonged contact of API at the site of absorption

plasters

injected into the subcutaneous tissue of the thigh, abdomen, and arm

subcutaneous (SC) route

solid dosage form in which one or more API are enclosed within a small edible shell usually made of gelatin

capsules

"paper tablets"

papelitos

what are the 7 sites of application of drugs?

skin, eye, tooth, hand, foot, hair, and nasal

flat, oval tablets that are placed under the tongue

sublingual tablets

solid dosage forms intended to be inserted in body orifices where they would melt and dissolve to exert their local systemic effects

suppositories

liquid preparations containing pyroxylin in a mixture of either ether or alcohol

collodions

for individuals with difficulty swallowing

chewable tablets

aqueous solutions in the form of coarse droplets or finely divided solids introduced into the body cavities

sprays

consists of finely divided powdered or liquid drugs that are carried into the respiratory passage using the special delivery system

insufflations

avoids acid and enzymatic environment of the stomach and the drug metabolizing enzymes of the liver

sublingual tablets

applied with friction or by rubbing; contains more than one medicinal agent

liniments

rendered plastic-like and added with plasticizer (glycerin or sorbitol)

soft gelatin capsules

it is meant to disintegrate on the small intestine

enteric coated tablets

these are dilution of potent powdered drugs; prepared by mixing them with diluents in a specific proportion of weight

titrations

clear, pleasantly flavored, sweetened hydroalcoholic liquids intended for oral use

elixirs

content of a drug that elicits its effect

active pharmaceutical ingredient (API)

consists of dispersion of small or large molecules in an aqueous liquid, vehicle rendered jelly-like by adding a gelling agent

gels

what are the 2 types of uses of a drug?

external and internal

administered between the cheeks and gums

buccal tablets

what are the classifications of dosage forms?

route of administration, physical state/form, site of application, and uses

injected into the subarachnoid space (spinal anesthetics, e.g. lignocaine, antibiotics)

intrathecal route