Pharmaceutical Dosage Form Flashcards
preparations intended to be taken orally
Oral dosage forms
preparations introduced into the body by injections through the skin and mucous membranes.
Parenteral dosage forms
employed for systemic effect or a local action through the rectum.
Rectal dosage forms
ntended to be finally dispensed or vaporized to the mucous membranes of the lower part of the respiratory tract
Inhalation dosage forms
intended to be applied on the skin or instilled into the eyes, nose or ears.
Topical dosage forms
Classification according to method of administration
- Oral dosage forms
- Parenteral dosage forms
- Rectal dosage forms
- Inhalation dosage forms
- Topical dosage forms
A homogeneous mixture that is prepared by dissolving a solid or liquid or gas in another liquid. It represents a group of preparations in which the molecules of the solute or dissolved substances are dispersed among those of the solvent.
Solution
Water is used as the vehicle or the solvent.
Aqueous solutions.
Aqueous solutions
- Water
- Aromatic water
- Aqueous acids
- Diluted Acids
- Solution
is used mainly as a vehicle and as a solvent for the desired flavoring or medicinal ingredients.
Water
also known as medicated water; clear saturated aqueous solutions of volatile oils or other aromatic or volatile substances. Used mainly as flavored or perfumed vehicles.
Aromatic water
official inorganic acids and certain acids although of minor significance as therapeutic agents but of great importance in chemical and pharmaceutical manufacturing. Available commercially in the form of concentrated aqueous solutions and expressed in % by weight.
Aqueous acids
aqueous solutions of acids of suitable strength usually 10%w/v except diluted Hac which is 6% w/v. They are used for internal administration or for the manufacture of other preparations.
Diluted Acids
is a liquid preparation that contains one or more soluble chemical substances dissolved in water. Solutions are used for the specific therapeutic effect of the solute either internally or externally.
Solution
aqueous solutions directed against a part or into a cavity of the body as a cleansing or antiseptic agent.
Douches
They are rectal injections employed to evacuate the bowel; retention enemas to influence the general system by absorption, or to effect locally the seat of the disease.
Enemas
aqueous solutions used for treating pharynx or the nasopharynx by forcing air.
Gargles
aqueous solutions which re most often used for their deodorant, refreshing or antiseptic effect
Mouthwashes
are prepared from fresh ripe fruits, aqueous in character and used in making syrups employed as vehicles.
Juices
are usually aqueous solutions designed to be administered to the nasal passages in drops or spray form.
Nasal solutions
aq.preparations dispensed in a container which permits the administration of drops to the ear.
Otic solutions
concentrated solutions of sugar such as sucrose in water or other aq. liquid, used either as flavored syrup or medicated syrup.
Syrups
thick liquid preparations somewhat allied to syrup and used as a base in place of syrup.
Honey
thick, viscid, adhesive liquids produced by dispersing gum in water or by extracting with water the mucilaginous principles from vegetable substances. Used to aid in suspending insoluble substances in liquids; their colloidal character and viscosity help them prevent immediate sedimentation.
Mucilages
are class of gels in which the structural coherent matrix contains a high proportion of liquid, usually water. Used as lubricants for surgical gloves, catheters and rectal thermometers. Activate Windows Go to Settings to activate Widok
Jellies
a liquid preparation containing 1 pyroxillin in a mixture of ethyl ether and ethanol. Applied to the skin by means of a soft brush or other suitable applicator & when the ether and alcohol evaporated, they leave a film of pyroxillin on the surface.
Colloidion
are clear, pleasantly flavored sweetened hydroalcoholic liquids intended for oral use, as flavors and vehicles.
Elixirs
are solutions or mixtures of medicinal substances in not less than 50% by weight of glycerin.
Glycerin or glycerites
drugs or solutions of drugs administered by the nasal or oral respiratory route for local or systemic effect.
Inhalations and inhalants
used for the administration of inhalations. Inhalants - are special class of inhalation where drugs are delivered via high power pressure carried by air current into the nasal passage, the container is called the inhaler.
Nebulizers
solutions or mixtures of various substances in oil, alcoholic solutions of soap or emulsions, intended for external application, rubbed on affected areas.
Liniments
are fish liver oils diluted with edible vegetable oil or solutions of volatile substances of the indicated vitamins or vit.concentrates (usually vit A & D) on fish liver oil.
Oleovitamins
are popularly known as essences, are - alcoholic or hydroalcoholic solutions of volatile substances. A few are used medicinally by inhalation, while a large number as flavoring agents.
Spirits
preparations used for the temporary relief of toothache
Toothache drops
Are a two phase system prepared by combining two immiscible liquids, one of which is uniformly dispersed through the other; they consist of globules that have diameters equal to or greater than those of the largest colloidal particles.
Emulsions
Are a two-phase system consisting of finely divided solid dispersed in a solid, liquid, or gas. Suspending agent is added to ensure appropriate dispersion of the solid in the vehicle.
Suspensions
A homogeneous non-crystalline substance consisting of large molecules or ultramicroscopic particles of one substance dispersed through a second
substance.
COLLOID
A fine dispersion of minute droplets of one liquid in another in which it is not soluble or miscible.
Has two liquid components that are immiscible with each other.
EMULSION
semi-solid systems of either suspension made up of small inorganic particles or large organic molecules interpenetrated by a liquid.
Gels
usually liquid suspension or dispersions intended for external application to the body
Lotions
aqueous suspensions of insoluble inorganic drugs; they differ from gels mainly in that the suspended particles are layers.
Magmas and Milks
aqueous liquid preparations which contain suspended insoluble, solid substances intended for internal use.
Mixtures
These are solutions of the active constituents of a crude drug obtained by maceration or percolation ready for use as a medicinal agent or may be further process to produce solid or semisolid extracts.
EXTRACTS
are alcoholic or hydroalcoholic solutions prepared from vegetable materials or from chemical substances.
Tinctures
Are liquid preparations of vegetable drugs containing alcohol as a solvent or as a preservative or both, so made that each ml contains the therapeutic constituents of 1g of the standard drug that it represents. They are 100% Tinctures. Used as flavoring agents.
Fluidextracts
Are concentrated preparation of vegetable or animal drugs obtained by removal of the active constituents of the respective drugs with suitable menstruum, evaporation of all or nearly all of the solvent and adjustment of the residual masses or powders to the prescribed standard.
Extracts
Sterile preparations intended to be administered by injection under or through one or more layers of the skin or mucous membrane.
They are usually packed in ampules or vials.
Parenteral Preparations
Type of injections
a. Solutions ready for injection
b. Dry, soluble products ready to be combined with a solvent just prior to the use
c. Suspensions ready for injection
d. Dry, insoluble products ready to be combined with a vehicle just prior to use
e. Emulsions
It refers to a mixture of IVF and drugs to be administered by injection.
Intravenous Admixture
sterile, large volume solutions intended to be administered by IV infusions, they contain sugar, amino acids and electrolytes.
Intravenous Fluid
a combination of one or more sterile products added to an IVF for administration. The products are mixed in a suitable environment using aseptic technique.
IV admixture
Preparation containing calories, nitrogen and other nutrients in sufficient quantities.
The preferred source of calories are dextrose, protein hydrolysate for nitrogen, and electrolyte and vitamins for the nutrients.
Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN)
sterile preparations for the eyes
Ophthalmic Preparations
intended for the eyes; clear, sterile solution to be instilled into the eyes by the use of a dropper
Solutions
dispersion of finely divided relatively insoluble drug substances in an aqueous vehicle containing suitable suspending and dispersing agent.
Suspensions
dispersion of finely divided relatively insoluble drug substances in an aqueous vehicle containing suitable suspending and dispersing agent.
Suspensions
intended for the eyes contain medicinal agents added to the ointment base of white petrolatum and mineral oil either as a solution or as micronized powder, they are limited to bedtime instillations.
Ointment
sterile preparations intended to protect the lens.
Lens care products
preparations designed to furnish hydrophilic coating over the characteristically hydrophilic surface of hard contact lens surface
Wetting solutions
used to remove surface contaminants, lipids, proteins and the like.
Cleaning solutions
isotonic; in an acceptable pH range non reactive with lens material and sterile solution which exhibits disinfecting activity
Disinfection solution
used to store and hydrate hard lenses and to disinfect.
Soaking solutions
solutions intended to rewet hard lenses in situ
Artificial tears
Applied to skin or inserted into body orifices in liquid, semi-solid, or solid forms
Medicated Applications
semi-solid preparations intended for external applications to the skin or mucous membranes; usually, but not always, they contain medicinal substances.
ointments
a soft mass of meals, herbs, seeds, etc. usually applied hot in clothes, they are intended to localize infectious materials in the body or to act as counter irritants.
Cataplasm
concentrates of absorptive powders dispersed in petrolatum or hydrophilic petrolatum. They are stiff to the point of dryness and are often used in the treatment of oozing lesions where they act to absorb serous secretions.
Pastes-
concentrates of absorptive powders dispersed in petrolatum or hydrophilic petrolatum. They are stiff to the point of dryness and are often used in the treatment of oozing lesions where they act to absorb serous secretions.
Pastes
are usually describe as dusting powders. They usually contain starch, talc and zinc stearate.
Powders for external use
external applications resembling ointment usually used as covering or protection.
Dressings
external applications resembling ointment usually used as covering or protection.
Dressings
viscous liquids or semi-solid emulsions of either o/w or w/o type; cream of the o/w type includes shaving creams, hand creams, foundation creams, etc; w/o creams include cold creams and emollient creams.
Creams
substances intended for external application; they are made of such materials and of such consistency to adhere to the skin and attach to a dressing. They are intended to afford protection and support to furnish an occlusive and macerating action and to bring medication into close contact with the skin.
Plasters
solid dosage forms of various weights and shapes usually medicated for insertion into the rectum, vagina, or the urethra.
Suppositories
generally supplied as finely divided powder or as effervescent granules. The finely divided powders are intended to be suspended or dissolved in water or mixed with soft food prior to administration. Effervescent powder in solution in water releases CO2 which makes for the salty or bitter tastes of the medication.
Oral powders
may be prepared in the form of a bulk powder generally containing soap or detergent, mild adhesive and an anticariogenic agent.
Dentrifices
oluble powders intended to be dissolved in water prior to use as antiseptic or cleaning agents for a body cavity. They are most commonly intended for vaginal use although they may be formulated for nasal, otic ophthalmic use.
Douche Powders
locally applied non-toxic preparations that are intended to have no systemic action. They are applied to various parts of the body as lubricants, protectives, adsorbents, antiseptics, antipruritics, astringents and antiperspirant
Dusting powders
finely divided powders introduced into the body cavities such as the ears, nose, throat, tooth sockets and vagina with the use of an insufflator (powder blower).
Insufflations
Dilutions of potent powdered drugs prepared by intimately mixing with a suitable diluent in1:10 dilutions.
Triturations
solid dosage forms containing drug substances with or without suitable diluents and prepared either by compression or molding methods.
Tablets
Types of Tablets
- Compressed tablets (CT)
1.1 Sugar coated tablet (SCT)
1.2 Film coated tablet (FCT)
1.3 Enteric coated tablet (ECT)
1.4 Multiple compressed tablet (MCT)
1.5 Controlled release tablet (CRT)
1.6 Effervescent tablet
1.7 Buccal and sublingual tablet
2. 2. Molded Tablets or Tablet Triturates
2.1 dispensing tablet (DT)
2.2 hypodermic tablet
solid dosage forms in which the drug substance is enclosed in either a hard or soft container or of a suitable form of gelatin
capsules
small, round, solid dosage forms containing medicinal agents and intended for oral administration.
pills
small, sterile cylinders about 3.2 mm in diameter by 8mm in length, formed by compression from medicated masses.
pellets
Used both orally and topically
- Contain therapeutically active ingredients dissolves, suspended, or emulsified in a propellant or in a mixture of solvent and propellant.
Aerosols
Used for the symptomatic tx of asthma, migraine headache
Oral aerosols
used to treat a multitude of dermatological manifestations.
Topical aerosols
Radioisotopes used in medicine for therapeutic and diagnostic purposes
Radio-pharmaceuticals
a suspension of attenuated (live) or inactivated (killed) microorganisms or fraction thereof administered to induce immunity and thus prevent infectious disease.
Vaccine
a modified antigen from an infectious organism used as a vaccine.
Toxoid
a solution containing antibodies from the pooled plasma of not less than 1000 normal individuals.
Immunoglobulin
a special preparation obtained from human donor pools selected for high antibody titer against a specific disease.
Hyperimmune serum
a solution antibodies derived form the serum of animals immunized with specific toxins (toxoid) used to achieve passive immunity or to effect treatment.
Antitoxin
a solution of antibodies derived from the serum of animals immunized with specific viral vaccines.
Antiviral Serum
a preparation of antibodies derived from the serum of animals immunized with specific venom used to neutralize the venom produced by the specific organisms.
Antivenin
