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PM2D Spring Amy L > Pharmaceutical Care of Respiratory Patients I (Role of Pharmacist in Community) > Flashcards

Pharmaceutical Care of Respiratory Patients I (Role of Pharmacist in Community) Flashcards

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1
Q

List 8 red flag symptoms for respiratory conditions

A
  1. Chest pain/pain on breathing
  2. Wheezing/SOB
  3. Recurrent cough
  4. Chronic cough >3 weeks
  5. Weight loss
  6. Fever
  7. Purulent (pussy) sputum
  8. Haemoptysis (coughing blood)
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2
Q

What 3 things should be recommended for patients with respiratory diseases who have a cold?

A
  1. Paracetamol
  2. Honey and lemon
  3. Steam inhalation
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3
Q

What should asthmatics avoid when they have a cold?

A

NSAIDs

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4
Q

What should be avoided by patients with respiratory diseases who have a cold?

A

Respiratory depressants - no cough suppressants or antihistamines

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5
Q

What medication can patients with COPD take if they suffer from a strain or sprain?

A
  • Can use NSAIDs if no other cautions/contra-indications
  • Paracetamol
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6
Q

What medications can asthmatics take if they suffer from a strain or sprain?

A
  • Paracetamol
  • Co-codamol if respiratory function is okay
  • No NSAIDs
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7
Q

What should asthmatics not use for head lice?

A

Alcoholic solutions - evaporating alcohol can irritate lungs and cause wheezing

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8
Q

What is it recommended that asthmatics should use for head lice?

A

Aqueous solutions - don’t irritate skin or lungs e.g. Hedrin`

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9
Q

What is it recommended that patients with RDs should take for hayfever?

A
  • Non-sedating antihistamine e.g. cetirizine, loratidine
  • Topical preparations e.g. nasal corticosteroids, eye drops
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10
Q

What kind of antihistamine is it not recommended for patients with RDs to take for hayfever?

A

Sedating antihistamines - not recommended in respiratory conditions due to anticholinergic effects (block action of ACh)

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11
Q

Name 6 conditions respiratory patients may present with

A
  1. Tremor/palpitations
  2. Tiredness
  3. Nausea
  4. Heartburn
  5. Insomnia
  6. Thrush
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12
Q

What could tremor/palpitations be caused by in patients with RDs?

A
  • Salbutamol and theophylline (treat and prevent wheezing)
  • Review treatment
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13
Q

What could tiredness be caused by in patients with RDs?

A
  • Deterioration in COPD - lack of oxygen
  • Refer
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14
Q

What could nausea be caused by in patients with RDs?

A

Side effects of drugs e.g. theophylline

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15
Q

What could heartburn be caused by in patients with RDs?

A
  • Oral prednisalone or theophylline
  • Treat with antacid/omeprazole
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16
Q

What could insomnia be caused by in patients with RDs?

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A

Theophylline - check plasma levels

17
Q

What could thrush be caused by in patients with RDs?

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A
  • Effects of antibiotics and steroids
  • Treat with miconazole oral gel or fluconazole
18
Q

List 3 OTC preparations that theophylline interacts with

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A
  1. Cimetidine - treating and preventing ulcers in the stomach/small intestine, GORD
  2. Fluconazole - treat fungal and yeast infections
  3. St John’s Wort
19
Q

How does theophylline interact with cimetidine and fluconazole?

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A

Causes increased levels of theophylline

20
Q

How does theophylline interact with St John’s Wort?

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A

Decreased levels of theophylline

21
Q

Explain the asthma action plan (SMILE)P

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A
  • Stop smoking
  • Monitoring
  • Inhaler technique
  • Lifestyle
  • Education
  • Pharmacotherapy (therapy using pharmaceutical drugs)
22
Q

Why should sufferers of respiratory diseases stop smoking?

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A
  • Smokers respond less to asthma treatment
  • Reduces rate of decline of COPD and improves survival rate
23
Q

Why are smokers at greater risk of theophylline toxicity?

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A

Smokers require higher doses of theophylline so there is an increase in serum theophylline concentrations, and possibly toxicity

24
Q

Define: LABA

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A
  • Long-acting beta agonists
  • Bronchodilator medication, opens airways in lungs by relaxing smooth muscle around airways
  • Long-term control medication
25
What does **ICS** stand for?
**Inhaled corticosteroids**
26
How do **ICSs work**?
**Act locally** in the lungs to **inhibit** the **inflammatory process** which causes **asthma**
27
What should **LABAs** also be **prescribed** in **conjunction** with?
**ICSs**, ideally in a **single inhaler**
28
**Who** should **ICSs** **always** be prescribed for?
For all **symptomatic people** with **asthma**
29
What **group** of patients should **never** be prescribed **ICSs as monotherapy**?
**COPD**
30
Name a **lifestyle change** that can **improve** a **COPD** sufferer's **quality of life**
**Exercise**
31
What should **asthmatics** do **prior to exercise**?
Inhale **200 micrograms** of **salbutamol 15 minutes** **prior** to exercise
32
What **forms of exercise** are **best** for patients with respiratory problems?
**Swimming, running or fast walking**
33
List **3 links** between **obesity and respiratory diseases**
1. **Thoracic restriction** 2. Reduction in **cardiovascular space** 3. **Oxidative stress**
34
List **3 factors** related to **diet** that can **increase** the **risk of asthma**
1. Reduced **fruits**, vegetables and fish 2. Increased **saturated fats** 3. High regular intake of **sugar**
35
List **3 food substances** that **increase** the risk of **bronchoconstriction**
1. **Eggs** 2. **Fish** 3. **Peanuts**
36
List **3 substances** that **increase** the risk of **bronchodilation**
1. **Low dose alcohol** 2. **Caffeine** 3. **Magnesium**
37
List **4 drugs** that cause **increased levels** of **theophylline** due to interactions
1. **Macrolides** - antibiotics 2. **Quinolones** - antiobiotics 3. **Fluvoxamine** - antidepressant 4. **Calcium channel blockers** - hypertension
38
List **3 drugs** that cause **decreased levels** of **theophylline** due to interactions
1. **Rifampicin** - antibiotic 2. **Phenobarbital** - antiepileptic, control seizures 3. **Phenytoin** - anticonvulsant (epilepsy)
39
List **3 types of drug** that **lower potassium** levels due to interactions with **theophylline**
1. Corticosteroids 2. High-dose B2 agonists 3. Diuretics

PM2D Spring Amy L (9 decks)

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