pharma quiz 1

Question 1

drug stages after administration LADME

Answer 1

Liberation
absorption
distribution
metabolism
excretion

Question 2

How long does it take a drug to develop & pass ?

Answer 2

8-15 years

Question 3

pharmacology

Answer 3

Deals with the study of drugs and their actions or effects.

Question 4

Therapeutic methods are approaches to treating illnesses

Answer 4

• Diet therapy
• Drug therapy
• Physiotherapy
• Psychotherapy
• Therapeutic methods are often used in combination

Question 5

what metabolizes drugs?

Answer 5

liver metabolizes drugs

Question 6

a pt with poor kidney function ?

Answer 6

A pt with poor kidney function will have an increased action and duration of a drug.

Question 7

displacement

Answer 7

warfarin + valproic acid = increased anticoagulant effect.

Question 8

infants and elderly

Answer 8

infants and elderly tend to be the most sensitive to drug effects.

Question 9

organs with larger blood supply

Answer 9

Organs with larger blood supply receive the distributed drug most rapidly.

drug protein is a way of transportation.

Question 10

FDA

Answer 10

Food and drug administration

Question 11

Chemical Name: Generic/Brand Names:

Answer 11

• Most meaningful to the
  chemist
• Chemist understands the
  exact chemical constitution
  of the drug and the exact
  placement of its atoms or
  molecular groupings
• Generic name: Important to
  know because formularies
  use them; not capitalized
• Official name: Listed by FDA
• Brand or trademark:
  Registered by manufacturer;
  capitalize

Question 12

Which name(s) of a drug should the nurse use when
teaching a patient about a new prescription?

Answer 12

Generic and trade

Question 13

Drug
Classifications

Answer 13

• Body system classification
  (e.g., cardiovascular,
  gastrointestinal)
• Therapeutic use or clinical
  indications (e.g., antacids,
  antibiotics)
• Physiologic or chemical
  action (e.g.,
  anticholinergics, calcium
  channel blockers)

Question 14

Prescription:

Answer 14

Requires an order by a health professional
licensed to prescribe drugs

Question 15

Nonprescription

Answer 15

Over-the-counter (OTC) drugs sold without a prescription.

Question 16

Illegal or recreational drugs

Answer 16

Used for nontherapeutic
purposes; obtained illegally

Question 17

Biosimilar:

Answer 17

Biologic product that is close in
structure/function to an existing approved biologic product

Question 18

Resources for
Drug
Information

Answer 18

• Official source for American drug
  standards
• The United States
  Pharmacopeia (USP)/National
  Formulary (NF)
• USP Dictionary of USAN and
  International Drug Names
• Sources for prescription and
  nonprescription drugs
• Package inserts
• Nursing journals
• Electronic database

Question 19

Controlled Substances Act
(1970): Defined five
classifications or schedules of
controlled substances

Answer 19

• Schedule I : These drugs have high potential for abuse.
  ex: heroin, ecstasy, LSD, weed, pcp
• Schedule II : HIgh potential for abuse . Has accepted medical use for treatment.
  ex: oxycodone, morphine, methamphetamine
• Schedule III: less abuse potential then cII drugs. accepted medical use.
  ex: anabolic steroids, hydrocodone
• Schedule IV: less abuse then cIII drugs. accepted medical use.
  ex: valium,xanax,darvon,phentermine
• Schedule V: less abuse potential then cIv drugs. accepted medical use.
  ex: cough medicine with codeine

Question 20

Which entity is responsible for monitoring drug safety in the
United States?

Answer 20

Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA)

Question 21

Which drug schedule indicates drugs with the highest risk for
abuse?

Answer 21

Schedule I

Question 22

Orphan drugs

Answer 22

Medicines developed for rare disorders.
Orphan Drug Act, 1983: Promotes development of products
that demonstrate promise for diagnosis or treatment of rare
diseases or conditions
* Examples of rare diseases include cystic fibrosis, Hansen’s
disease (leprosy), sickle cell anemia, infant botulism.

Question 23

Drug receptors

Answer 23

Specific sites where drugs form
chemical bonds
The drug and the receptor must have similar shape
* similar to a key and lock. The better the fit, the better the
response
 The drug must have a chemical affinity for the
receptor

Question 24

Pharmacodynamics:

Answer 24

Study of interactions between
drugs and their receptors and the series of events that
result in a pharmacologic response

Question 25

Agonists:

Answer 25

Drugs that interact with a receptor to
stimulate a response

Question 26

Antagonist:

Answer 26

Drugs that attach to a receptor but do not stimulate a response

Question 27

Partial Agonists:

Answer 27

Drugs that attach and elicit a small
response but also block other responses

Question 28

Routes of Drug Administration
Enteral:

Answer 28

Via the gastrointestinal tract by the oral,rectal, or nasogastric routes.

Question 29

Routes of Drug Administration
Parenteral

Answer 29

Bypasses the GI tract by using
subcutaneous, intramuscular, and intravenous
injection.

Question 30

Routes of Drug Administration
Percutaneous:

Answer 30

Absorbed through the skin and
mucous membranes
Inhalation, sublingual, or topical

Question 31

Drug Stages After Administration
LADME

Answer 31

Liberation: Drug released from dosage form
Absorption: Depends on route of administration
Distribution: Depends on circulation to be transported throughout body
Metabolism: Depends on enzyme systems
Excretion: Depends on GI tract and kidneys

Question 32

Liberation

Answer 32

Drug released from dosage form and is dissolved in body fluid.
Process of converting oral drug can be influenced by food and water in the stomach.

Question 33

All drugs are processed in the body through
pharmacokinetics. What is the correct order
that drugs pass through the body?

Answer 33

Liberation, absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion.

Question 34

Absorption

Answer 34

-Drug is transferred from entry site into the body’s circulating fluids.
-Absorption rate depends on route, blood flow, and solubility of the drug.
-Subcutaneous and intramuscular injection absorption is affected by circulation.
Intravenous medications are absorbed fastest.
-Topical medications applied to the skin can be influenced by skin thickness and hydration.

Question 35

Which route of administration has the fastest rate of distribution?

Answer 35

Intravenous

Question 36

Distribution

Answer 36

-Drugs are transported throughout the body by body fluids to the sites of action.
-Protein binding and fat solubility affect distribution.
-Organs with largest blood supply receive the distributed drug most rapidly.
-Some drugs cannot pass through the blood-brain barrier or the placental barrier

Question 37

Metabolism

Answer 37

-The process whereby the body inactivates drugs
-Primary organ of metabolism is the liver; other sites are GI tract and lungs

Question 38

Excretion

Answer 38

-Elimination of drug metabolites and some of the active
drug from the body
-Kidneys are the major organ of excretion; some excreted
in feces
-A patient with poor kidney function will have an increased action and duration of a drug

Question 39

Half-Life of Drugs

Answer 39

-Factors modifying the quantity of drug reaching a site of action after a single oral dose.
-When the half-life of a drug is known, dosages and frequency of administration can be calculated.
-Drugs with long half-lives (digoxin is 36 hours) need to be administered once daily.

Question 40

Idiosyncratic reactions:

Answer 40

Occur when something unusual/abnormal happens when drug is first administered

Question 41

Allergic reactions:

Answer 41

Occur among patients who have previously been exposed to a drug and whose immune systems have developed antibodies to the drug