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Pharmacology > PHARMA PEARLS > Flashcards

PHARMA PEARLS Flashcards

1
Q

Refers to the amount of a drug that reaches the systemic circulation

A

BIOAVAILABILITY

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2
Q

Used to determine the safety and efficacy of generic drugs

A

BIOEQUIVALENCE

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3
Q

Measure the dose or concentration required to bring about 50% of the drug’s maximal effect

A

POTENCY

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4
Q

Dose at which 50% of individuals exhibit the specified quantal effect

A

MEDIAN EFFECTIVE DOSE

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5
Q

Dose at which 50% of the animals manifest a particular toxic effect

A

MEDIAN TOXIC DOSE

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6
Q

Transfer of drug from site of administration to bloodstream

A

ABSORPTION

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7
Q

Refers to the apparent volume into which the drug is able to distribute

A

VOLUME OF DISTRIBUTION

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8
Q

Elimination of a drug at a constant rate (Irrespective of Concentration)

A

ZERO-ORDER KINETICS

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9
Q

Elimination at a rate that is proportional to the serum concentration of the drug

A

FIRST-ORDER KINETICS

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10
Q

Addition of a polar moiety (Sulfate, Acetate or Glucoronate)

A

PHASE II METABOLISM

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11
Q

Use of CYP450 system oxidation, reduction or hydrolysis

A

PHASE I METABOLISM

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12
Q

Describes the rate at which a specific drug is cleared from the system

A

CLEARANCE

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13
Q

Refers to the amount of time required for the amount of drug in the body to decrease the half of its value after the administration of the drug has been stopped

A

HALF-LIFE

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14
Q

Defined as the single amount of drug that is needed to achieve a desired plasma concentration quickly

A

LOADING DOSE

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15
Q

Amount of drug that must be given over time in order to maintain desired plasma concentration

A

MAINTENANCE DOSE

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16
Q

Used as a measure of drugs safety

A

THERAPEUTIC DOSE

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17
Q

Formula for therapeutic index

A

TD50/ED50 (TD: Toxic Dose, ED: Effective Dose)

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18
Q

Refers to the dosage range between the minimum effective therapeutic concentration or dose and minimum toxic concentration or dose

A

THERAPEUTIC WINDOW

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19
Q

Substance that shifts the graded dose-response curve to the right

A

COMPETITIVE ANTAGONIST

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20
Q

Substance that does not produce the same maximum effect and is exhibited by a decrease in Emax

A

IRREVERSIBLE ANTAGONIST

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21
Q

An antagonist that interacts directly with the agonist and not at all or only incidentally with the receptor

A

CHEMICAL ANTAGONIST

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22
Q

The action of the drug on the body

A

PharmacoDynaMics

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23
Q

The action of the body on the drug

A

PharmacoKineTics

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24
Q

Permeation that is governed by Fick’s Law

A

AQUEOUS DIFFUSION

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25
Q

Permeation that is saturable and inhibitable

A

CARRIER TRANSPORT

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26
Q

Adverse effect that is infrequently observed in most patients

A

IDIOSYNCRATIC

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27
Q

Responsiveness decreases as a consequence of continued drug administration

A

TOLERANCE

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28
Q

Responsiveness diminishes rapidly after drug administration

A

TACHYPHYLAXIS

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29
Q

Induction of developmental defects in the fetus

A

TERATOGENESIS

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30
Q

Induction of malignant characteristics in cells

A

CARCINO- GENESIS

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31
Q

Induction of changes in the genetic material of animals of any age

A

MUTAGENESIS

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32
Q

Cytochrome P450 Inducers

A

(ETHel Booba takes PHEN-phen and Refuses GReasy CARB Shakes): Ethanol, Barbiturates, Phenytoin, Rifampicin, Griseofulvin, Carbamazepine, St. John’s Wort/ Smoking

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33
Q

Cytochrome P450 Inhibitors

A

(Inhibitors Stop Cyber Kids from Eating GRApefruit QV): Isoniazid, Sulfonamides, Cimetidine, Ketoconazole, Erythromycin, Grapefruit Juice, Ritonavir, Amiodarone, Quinidine, Valproic Acid

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34
Q

100% bioavailability

A

INTRAVENOUS

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35
Q

First Pass Effect

A

ORAL

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36
Q

Partial Avoidance of First Pass Effect

A

RECTAL

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37
Q

Application to skin for local effect

A

TOPICAL

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38
Q

Application to skin for systemic effect

A

TRANSDERMAL

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39
Q

Small number of normal volunteers; Determines if drug is Safe

A

PHASE 1

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40
Q

Post-Marketing Surveillance; Drug Approved for Circulation; Watching out for Side Effects/ Adverse Effects of the Drug

A

PHASE 4

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41
Q

“Does it work on patients?”; 20-100 subjects

A

PHASE 2

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42
Q

Randomized double-blind, controlled trials; “Does the drug benefit the intended subjects?”

A

PHASE 3

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43
Q

A drug for a rare disease

A

ORPHAN DRUG

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44
Q

What agent used to hasten excretion in a Weak Base Overdose (Diphenhydramine)

A

ACIDIFYING AGENT (AMMONIUM CHLORIDE)

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45
Q

What agent used to hasten excretion in a Weak Acid Overdose (Aspirin)

A

ALKALINIZING AGENT (SODIUM BICARBONATE)

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46
Q

Vasoconstriction via Alpha 1 Receptors in Smooth Muscles

A

EPINEPHRINE > NOREPINEPHRINE

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47
Q

Inhibit Release of Neurotransmitters via Alpha 2 Receptors in Nerve Terminals

A

EPINEPHRINE > NOREPINEPHRINE

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48
Q

Increase Rate and Contractility via Beta 1 Receptors in the Heart

A

ISOPROTERENOL > EPINEPHRINE > NOREPINEPHRINE

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49
Q

Broncho/ Vasodilation via Beta 2 Receptors in Respiratory Smooth Muscles and Uterus

A

ISOPROTERENOL > EPINEPHRINE > NOREPINEPHRINE

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50
Q

Vasodilation of Renal Blood Vessels via D1 Receptors in Splanchic and Renal Vessels

A

DOPAMINE

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51
Q

Regulate Neurotransmitters via D2 Receptors in Nerve Terminals of CNS

A

DOPAMINE

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52
Q

Bowel and Bladder Atony

A

BETHANECOL (Direct Acting Muscarinic Agonist at M2-M3)

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53
Q

Sjogren Syndrome (Xerostomia, Xerophthalmia & Rheumatoid Arthritis)

A

PILOCARPINE (Direct Acting Muscarinic at M1, M2, M3)

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54
Q

Diagnosis of Myasthenia Gravis, Differentiation of Myasthenic and Cholinergic Crisis)

A

EDROPHONIUM (Indirect Acting Cholinomimetic) MOA: Hydrolysis of Cholinesterase

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55
Q

Treatment of Myasthenia Gravis

A

NEOSTIGMINE

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56
Q

Reversal of Nondepolarizing Neuromuscular Block

A

NEOSTIGMINE

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57
Q

Treatment of Glaucoma (Cholinergic Drug)

A

PHYSOSTIGMINE

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58
Q

Diagnosis of Bronchial Hyperreactivity

A

METHACOLINE (Direct Acting Cholinomimetic)

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59
Q

Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease

A

DONEPEZIL (Reversible Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitor)

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60
Q

Bowel and Bladder Atony

A

BETHANECOL

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61
Q

Autoimmune disorder characterized by triad of 1. Xerostomia (Dry Mouth) 2. Xerophthalmia (Dry Eyes) 3. Rheumatoid Arthritis

A

SJOGREN SYNDROME

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62
Q

Autoimmune destruction of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors characterized by fluctuating muscle weakness: 1. ocular symptoms 2. bulbar symptoms 3. proximal muscle weakness

A

MYASTHENIA GRAVIS

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63
Q

Acute worsening of symptoms due to infection, stress or UNDERmedication

A

MYASTHENIC CRISIS

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64
Q

Excessive activation of cholinoreceptors (skeletal muscle weakness and parasympathetic signs) due to OVERmedication

A

CHOLINERGIC CRISIS

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65
Q

Differentiate MYASTHENIC CRISIS from CHOLINERGIC CRISIS using EDROPHONIUM

A

EDROPHONIUM IMPROVES muscle strength in MYASTHENIC CRISIS while it WEAKENS muscle strength in CHOLINERGIC CRISIS

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66
Q

Small Cell Cancer presenting with a Myasthenia-like Paraneoplastic Syndrome

A

LAMBERT-EATON SYNDROME (Destruction of Presynaptic Voltage-Gated Calcium Channels by Antibodies)

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67
Q

What are signs and symptoms of Organophosphate Poisoning

A

DUMBBELSS: Diarrhea, Urination, Miosis, Bronchospasm, Bradycardia, Excitation (Skeletal Muscles and CNS), Lacrimation, Sweating, Salivation

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68
Q

Induction of Mydriasis and Cyclopegia

A

TROPICAMIDE

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69
Q

Sinus Bradycardia

A

ATROPINE

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70
Q

Cholinergic Antagonist used as 2nd Line Treatment for Parkinson’s Disease; Improves tremors

A

BENZTROPINE

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71
Q

Cholinergic Antagonist for COPD

A

IPRATROPIUM (M3 Antagonist)

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72
Q

Motion Sickness, Sea Sickness

A

SCOPOLAMINE

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73
Q

Gastrointestinal Spasms

A

HYOSCYAMINE

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74
Q

Treatment for Organophosphate Poisoning/ Nerve Gas Poisoning

A

ATROPINE (Reverses effect of Acetylcholine esp Muscarinic Effects) & PRALIDOXIME (given first; 6-8 hours effect duration)

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75
Q

Muscarinic Antagonists for Parkinson’s Disease

A

TRI to park your BENZ, BIP here: TRIhexyphenidyl, BENZtropine, BIPeriden

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76
Q

Why is Ipratropium the preferred bronchodilator in patients with comorbid COPD and Heart Disease?

A

IPRATROPIUM less likely to cause tachycardia and cardiac arrhythmias

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77
Q

Signs of Atropine Toxicity

A

HOT as a hare, DRY as a bone, RED as a beet, BLIND as a bat, MAD as a hatter; CI: Infants, BPH, Acute-Angle Closure Glaucoma

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78
Q

DOC for Anaphylactic Shock, Adjunct to local anesthesia, Cardiac Arrest, Croup

A

EPINEPHRINE (Equal affinity to Alpha & Beta Receptors; Acts like a HORMONE)

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79
Q

Acute CHF, Cadiac Stress Testing

A

DOBUTAMINE (β1)

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80
Q

Acute CHF, Shock (Cardiogenic, Septic)

A

DOPAMINE

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81
Q

Drug of Last Resort for Shock

A

NOREPINEPHRINE (α1, α2, β1); Acts like a Neurotransmitter

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82
Q

Nasal Congestion, Mydriasis WITHOUT Cycloplegia

A

PHYNELEPHRINE

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83
Q

SE: Rebound Hypertension on Discontinuation

A

CLONIDINE

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84
Q

SE: Hemolytic Anemia (Positive Coomb’s Test)

A

METHYLDOPA (Centrally Acting for Preeclampsia)

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85
Q

Bronchial Asthma, COPD

A

SALBUTAMOL (Selective β2-agonist)

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86
Q

Tocolysis for Preterm Labor

A

TERBUTALINE

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87
Q

You have 1 HEART and 2 LUNGS

A

β1 for HEART, β2 for LUNGS

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88
Q

Preoperative treatment of Pheochromocytoma

A

PHENOXY- BENZAMINE (Irreversible Nonselective; for UNRESECTABLE tumor)

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89
Q

Treatment of Rebound Hypertension in Pheochromocytoma

A

PHENTOLAMINE

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90
Q

BPH (SE: First Dose Orthostatic Hypotension)

A

PRAZOSIN

91
Q

Angina Prophylaxis, Migraine Prophylaxis, Hyperthyroidism, Masks Hypoglycemia in DM

A

PROPRANOLOL (Nonselective Beta Blocker)

92
Q

SE: Bronchospasm, Erectile Dysfunction

A

PROPRANOLOL (Nonselective Beta Blocker)

93
Q

Intrinsic Sympathomimetic Activity

A

PINDOLOL

94
Q

Beta-1 Selectivity

A

ATENOLOL, METOPROLOL

95
Q

Treatment of Glaucoma

A

TIMOLOL, PILOCARPINE, ACETAZOLAMIDE, NEOSTIGMINE

96
Q

Combined Alpha- and Beta- Blockade

A

LABETALOL

97
Q

Drugs to Control BP in Pheochromocytoma

A

PHENOXY- BENZAMINE, PHENTOLAMINE, LABETALOL

98
Q

Pharmacologic Advantage of α1 Selectivity

A

Reflex Tachycardia is less common and less severe

99
Q

NOT a Beta Blocker but a Nonselective Beta Agonist

A

ISOPROTERENOL is a nonselective beta agonist: I SOrry! Akala ko Beta Blocker ka!

100
Q

Intrinsic Sympathomimetic Activity

A

PINDOLOL, ACEBUTOLOL; ISA pa!

101
Q

Beta Blocker with Longest Half-Life

A

NADOLOL: Nasa DOLO

102
Q

Beta Blocker with Shortest Half-Life

A

ESMOLOL: ESMOL (Small)

103
Q

Formula for BP

A

BP= CO x SVR

104
Q

Expanded Formula for BP

A

BP= HR x SV x SVR

105
Q

First-Line Drug for Essential Hypertension

A

HYDROCHLORO- THIAZIDE (Decreases 10-15 mmHg

106
Q

Hypertension with Comorbid CHF/DM, SE: Cough, Angioedema, CI: Bilateral RAS

A

ACE-INHIBITORS (Captopril): Maximizes neuroprotective effect

107
Q

ACE-Inhibitor Intolerance

A

LOSARTAN (ARBs)

108
Q

Hypertension with comorbid BPH

A

PRAZOSIN

109
Q

Pre-Eclampsia (Maintenance Medication), SE: Hemolytic Anemia (Positive Coomb’s Test

A

METHYLDOPA

110
Q

Pre-Eclampsia (Acute BP Lowering) SE: Reflex Tachycardia, Drug-Induced Lupus

A

HYDRALAZINE

111
Q

Hypertensive Emergency, SE: Hypertrichosis

A

PHINOXIDIL

112
Q

Hypertensive Emergency, SE: Cyanide Poisoning

A

NITROPRUSSIDE

113
Q

Treatment of Cyanide Poisoning

A

AMYL NITRITE

114
Q

Portion of ETC affected by Cyanide

A

COMPLEX IV (Cytochrome Oxidase)

115
Q

Antidote for Cyanide Poisoning

A

INHALED AMYL NITRITE + IV SODIUM NITRITE + IV SODIUM THIOSULFATE

116
Q

Relief of Acute Anginal Attacks, SE: Headache

A

NITRATES (ISDN, NTG)

117
Q

Angina Maintenance, Vascular > Cardiac Effect; SE: Flushing, Edema, Gingival Hyperplasia

A

NIFEDIPINE

118
Q

Angina Maintenance, Vascular > Cardiac Effect, Vasospastic Angina, Raynaud’s Phenomenon, does NOT cause Gingival Hyperplasia

A

DILTIAZEM

119
Q

Supraventricular Tachycardia, Cardiac > Vascular Effect; SE: Gingival Hyperplasia

A

VERAPAMIL

120
Q

Pathophysiology of Throbbing Headaches in Nitrates

A

Dilation of Meningeal Artery

121
Q

Calcium-Dependent Neurotransmission or Hormone Release NOT affected by CCB

A

CCBs block L-type Calcium Channels, other functions use N-, P- and R- Types

122
Q

Drugs causing Gingival Hyperplasia

A

NapaCa-Pangit ng gingiVa mo!: Nifedipine, Cyclosporine, Phenytoin, Verapamil

123
Q

Positive Inotrope for Heart Failure, SE: Arrhythmias (PVC, AVB), RG, Color Blindness, Yellow Visual Halos

A

DIGOXIN

124
Q

Treatment of Pulmonary Edema in CHF

A

FUROSEMIDE

125
Q

First-Line Drug for Chronic CHF, Cardioprotective

A

ACE-INHIBITORS, ARBs

126
Q

Improves Survival (Decrease Mortality) in CHF

A

ACE-Is/ARBs, Beta Blockers (CI: AHF), Spinorolactone

127
Q

Decreases hospitalization in CHF

A

DIGOXIN

128
Q

Improves Survival in CHF patients of African-American Descent

A

HYDRALAZINE + ISDN

129
Q

Drugs shown to improve survival in Heart Failure

A

ABA! Buhay ka pa!: ACE inhibitors, Beta blockers, Aldosterone antagonist

130
Q

Treatment of all types of Arrhythmias, WPW Syndrome, SE: Drug-Induced Lupus

A

PROCAINAMIDE

131
Q

SE: Cinchonism (Headache, Tinnitus, Vertigo)

A

QUINIDINE

132
Q

Post-MI Arrhythmias, Digital Arrhythmias, SE: SEIZURES

A

LIDOCAINE (1B)

133
Q

Contraindicated Post-MI, Refractory Arrhythmias

A

FLEICANIDE (1C)

134
Q

Perioperative and Thyrotoxic Arrhythmias, SVT

A

ESMOLOL

135
Q

SE: Dose-Dependent Torsades de Pointes

A

SOTALOL

136
Q

Most Efficaceous Anti-Arrhythmic, SE: Skin Deposits, Pulmonary Fibrosis, Hyper/ Hypothyroidism

A

AMIODARONE (3) Most effective, Most Efficaceous, Most Toxic

137
Q

Outpatient Management of SVT, SE: Gingival Hyperplasia

A

VERAPAMIL

138
Q

Effects of Class I antiarrhythmics on Action Potential Duration

A

CLASS IA: prolongs AP duration, CLASS IB: shortens AP duration, CLASS IC: no effect on AP duration

139
Q

Class 1A Anti-Arrhythmics

A

I am the QUeen who PROClaimed DISO’s PYRAMID: QUinidine, PROCainamide, DISOPYRAMIDe

140
Q

Class 1B Anti-Arrhythmics

A

I buy MEXican TOCA from LIDO: MEXiletine, TOCAinide, LIdocaine; 1B is Best post MI

141
Q

Class 1C Anti-Arrhythmics

A

1Chicken ay Pagkain For Enrico: Propafenone, Flecainide, Encainide; 1C is Contraindicated post MI

142
Q

Pulmonary Fibrosis, Paresthesia, Tremors, Thyroid Dysfunction, Corneal Deposits, Skin Deposits

A

AMIODARONE TOXICITY

143
Q

CCBs NOT USEFUL as antiarrhythmics

A

DIHYDROPYRIDINE CCBs evoke compensatory sympathetic discharge which facilitates arrhythmias rather than terminating them

144
Q

PROCAINAMIDE: PROLONGS AP duration, PROLONGS PR interval, PROLONGS QRS duration, PROLONGS QT interval

A

CLASS 1A ANTIARRHYTHMICS

145
Q

LIDOCAINE: SHORTENS AP duration, NO EFFECT on normal cells

A

CLASS 1B ANTIARRHYTHMICS

146
Q

FLECAINIDE: NO EFFECT on AP duration, PROLONGS QRS duration

A

CLASS 1C ANTIARRHYTHMICS

147
Q

PROPRANOLOL: NO EFFECT on AP duration, PROLONGS PR interval

A

CLASS 2 ANTIARRHYTHMICS

148
Q

DOFETILIDE: PROLONGS AP duration, PROLONGS QT interval

A

CLASS 3 ANTIARRHYTMICS

149
Q

VERAPAMIL: NO EFFECT on AP duration, PROLONGS PR interval

A

CLASS 4 ANTIARRHYTHMICS

150
Q

Acts on PCT, Treatment for Glaucoma and Mountain Sickness, SE: NAGMA, Hepatic Encephalopathy

A

ACETAZOLAMIDE: ACIDazolamide causes ACIDosis

151
Q

Acts on TAL, Treatment for Pulmonary Edema, Most Efficaceous Diuretics, SE: Ototoxicity, Hypokalemia, Hypocalcemia

A

FUROSEMIDE (Acts on Na-K-Cl Channel)

152
Q

Acts on DCT, SE: Hyperglycemia, Hyperlipidemia, Hypercalcemia

A

HCTZ

153
Q

Acts on CCD, SE: Gynecomastia, Hyperkalemia

A

SPINOROLACTONE

154
Q

Acts on PCT, DCT, CCD; Treatment of Rhabdomyolysis and Increased ICP, CI: Heart Failure

A

MANNITOL

155
Q

Causes HAGMA

A

MUDPILES: Methanol, Uremia, Diabetic Ketoacidosis, Paraldehyde, Isoniazid, Lactic Acid, Ethanol, Salicylates

156
Q

NAGMA

A

HARD-UP: Hyperalimentation, Acetazolamide, Renal Tubular Acidosis, Diarrhea-Ureteral Diversion, Pancreatic Fistula

157
Q

Adverse Effects associated with Loop Diuretics

A

OH DANG! Ototoxicity, Hypokalemia, Dehydration, Allergy to Sulfa, Nephritis, Gout

158
Q

Adverse Effects of Thiazide Diuretics

A

THIAZIDE TOXICITIES: HYPER GLUC- Glycemia, Lipidemia, Uricemia, Calcemia

159
Q

Drugs causing Gynecomastia

A

Some Drugs Create Awesome Knockers: Spinorolactone, Digoxin, Cimetidine, Alcohol, Ketoconazole

160
Q

Treatment of Iron Deficiency Anemia

A

FERROUS SULFATE

161
Q

Treatment of Megaloblastic Anemia, Vitamin B12 Deficiency

A

CYANO- COBALAMIN

162
Q

Treatment of Megaloblastic Anemia, Prevention of Neural Tube Defects (Spina Bifida)

A

FOLIC ACID

163
Q

Treatmetn of Anemia in CKD

A

ERYTHROPOIETIN

164
Q

Treatment of Neutropenia and Agranulocytosis

A

FILGRASTIM

165
Q

Treatment of Chemotherapy-Induced Thrombocytopenia

A

OPRELVEKIN

166
Q

Acute Treatment of DVT, PE and AMI, SE: Bleeding, Thrombocytopenia, Monitor with PTT

A

HEPARIN

167
Q

Low Molecular Weight Heparin, Less Risk of Thrombocytopenia, Does NOT need monitoring

A

ENOXAPARIN

168
Q

Treatment of Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia

A

LEPIRUDIN

169
Q

Antidote to Heparin-Induced Bleeding

A

PROTAMINE SULFATE

170
Q

Chronic Anticoagulation, SE: Bleeding, Skin Necrosis, Many Drug Interactions

A

WARFARIN

171
Q

Antidote to Warfarin (Immediate Reversal)

A

FFP

172
Q

Antidote to Warfarin (Reversal over Time)

A

VITAMIN K

173
Q

Laboratory Test to Assess Extrinsic and Intrinsic Coagulation Pathways

A

PiTT, PTT for INTRINSIC PATHWAY; PeT, PT for EXTRINSIC PATHWAY

174
Q

Overlap between Heparin and Warfarin

A
  1. Warfarin’s effect requires elimination of preformed clotting factors (8-60 hours) 2. Bypass the initial prothrombotic effect of Warfarin (Skin Necrosis)
175
Q

Thrombolysis in AMI, Ischemic CVD and PE, SE: Bleeding

A

R-tPA, ALTEPLASE

176
Q

Bacteria-Derived Thrombolytic, Decreased effect on subsequent uses due to Antibody Formation

A

STREPTOKINASE

177
Q

Antidote to Thrombolytic Overdose

A

AMINOCAPROIC ACID (Tranexamic Acid)

178
Q

Irreversible COX Inhibitor, Instant prevention of Arterial Thrombosis, SE: Tinnitus, Hypersensitivity, Reye Syndrome

A

ASPIRIN

179
Q

ADP Inhibitor, Additive Effects with Aspirin

A

CLOPIDOGREL

180
Q

Glycoprotein IIb-IIIa Inhibitor

A

ABCIXIMAB

181
Q

Phosphodiesterase Inhibitor, Cardiac Stress Testing

A

DIPYRIDAMOLE

182
Q

How many 500mg Aspirin tablets must be ingested to produce TOXICITY? DEATH?

A

TOXIC DOSE: 150 mg/kg; 150mg x 70kg/ 500mg per tab = 21 TABLETS; LETHAL DOSE: 500mg/kg; 500mg/kg x 70 kg / 500mg per tab = 70 TABLETS

183
Q

Triad of Aspirin Hypersensitivity

A

SAMTER TRIAD: Asthma, Aspirin Sensitivity, Nasal Polyp

184
Q

Signs of ASA Poisoning

A

ASPIRIN POISONING: C-H-A-F-S - Coma, Hyperventilation, Acidosis (HAGMA), Fever, Seizure

185
Q

Expected Acid-Base Abnormality in Salicylate Poisoning

A

RESPIRATORY ALKALOSIS with HAGMA

186
Q

Difference of Aspirin Intoxication Presentation in Children and Adults

A

ADULTS: Mixed Acid-Base Disorder, Respiratory Alkalosis with HAGMA; CHILDREN: Pure Acid-Base Disorder, HAGMA

187
Q

Difference between Inhibitor and Uncoupler in Oxidative Phosphorylation

A

INHIBITORS: Completely halt ETC; UNCOUPLERS: Dissipate Proton Gradient without interrupting ETC

188
Q

HmG-CoA Reductase Inhibitor, Lowers LDL; SE: Hepatotoxicity, Rhabdomyolysis, Myopathy

A

SIMVASTATIN

189
Q

Bile Acid Binding Resin, Lowers LDL, SE: Constipation, Steatorrhea

A

CHOLES- TYRAMINE

190
Q

Cholesterol Absorption Blocker, Lowers LDL

A

EZETEMIBE

191
Q

Reduces all building blocks for hyperlipidemia, Increases HDL, Lowers LDL and TG, SE: Flushing, Hyperglycemia, Hyperuricemia

A

NIACIN (VITAMIN B3)

192
Q

PPAR-α activator, Upregulates lipoprotein lipase, Lowers TG, SE: Gallstones, Additive Myopathy

A

GEMFIBROZIL

193
Q

Purpose of Statin Use in Management of Coronary Artery Disease

A

STABILIZATION OF ATHERO- SCLEROTIC PLAQUE

194
Q

Drugs that Cause Flushing

A

VANCOMYCIN, ADENOSINE, NIACIN, CCBs

195
Q

Irreversibly inhibits Cyclooxygenase 1 and 2

A

ASPIRIN

196
Q

Reversible inhibitor of Cyclooxygenase 1 and 2

A

NSAIDs (IBUPROFEN)

197
Q

Irreversibly inhibits Cyclooxygenase 2

A

CELECOXIB

198
Q

Reversibly inhibits Cyclooxygenase 1 and 2, Antipyretic of Choice in Pediatric population

A

PARACETAMOL (associated with Acute Hepatic Failure sec to Overdose)

199
Q

Treatment of hypersensitivity (Food allergy, rhinitis, hay fever, angioedema), SE: Sedation

A

DIPHEN- HYDRAMINE

200
Q

Adjunct for motion sickness, Vertigo

A

MECLIZINE

201
Q

Treatment of hypersensitivity, non-sedating

A

CETIRIZINE

202
Q

Treatment of Peptic Ulcers, SE: Gynecomastia

A

CIMETIDINE (H2 Blocker)

203
Q

DOC for Migraine and Cluster Headache

A

SUMATRIPTAN

204
Q

Treatment for Postop and Post-Chemo Vomiting

A

ONDANSETRON

205
Q

Adjunct for Migraine and Cluster Headache

A

ERGOTAMINE (Vasoselective)

206
Q

Treatment for Postpartum Bleeding

A

ERGONOVINE

207
Q

SE: Retroperitoneal Fibrosis

A

METHYSERGIDE

208
Q

PGE1 Analogue for Erectile Dysfuntion, Maintain Patency of PDA

A

ALPROSTADIL

209
Q

PGE1 Analogue for NSAID-Induced Gastritis; Abortifacient

A

MISOPROSTOL

210
Q

PGEF2A Analogue for Chronic Glaucoma

A

LATANOPROST

211
Q

PGE2 Analogue for Cervical Ripening; Abortifacient

A

DINOPROST

212
Q

PGF2A Analogue; Abortifacient

A

CARBOPROST

213
Q

PGI2 Analogue for Pulmonary Hypertension

A

EPOPROSTENOL

214
Q

DOC for Acute Asthma Attacks

A

SALBUTAMOL/ ALBUTEROL (Short Acting)

215
Q

Adjunct for Asthma Maintenance

A

SALMETEROL (Long Acting)

216
Q

Prophylaxis for Nocturnal Asthma, SE: Seizures, ANT: Propranolol

A

THEOPHYLLINE (Methylxanthines)

217
Q

Bronchodilator of Choice in COPD

A

IPRATROPIUM (Mediators; Proinflammatory)

218
Q

Stabilizes mast cells, No bronchodilator effect

A

CROMOLYN

219
Q

DOC for Asthma Maintenance, SE: Oral Candidiasis, Growth Stunting

A

FLUTICASONE (Inhaled Steroid)

220
Q

Lipoxygenase Inhibitor, SE: Increased AST/ALT

A

ZILEUTON

221
Q

Blocks slow-reacting substances of anaphylaxis (Leukotrienes C4, D4, E4)

A

MONTELUKAST

222
Q

Drugs with Zero Order Kinetics

A

WHAT PET: Warfarin, Heparin, Aspirin, Tolbutamide, Phenytoin, Ethanol, Theophylline

223
Q

Drug exhibitin Tachyphylaxis

A

NICO DESperately HYDs his EPHic LSD with CALCI on the DOBly special NIT that they MET: NICOTINE, DESMOPRESSIN, HYDRALAZINE, EPHEDRINE, LSD, CALCITONIN, DOBUTAMINE, NITROGLYCERIN, METHIONINE

Pharmacology (2 decks)

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