PHARMA PEARLS 2 Flashcards
1
Q
Bactericidal Antibiotics
A
Very Finely Proficient At Murder: Vancomycin, Fluoroquinolones, Penicillins, Aminoglycosides, Metronidazole
2
Q
Bacteriostatic Antibiotics
A
we’re ECSTaTiC about bacteriostatics: Erythromycin, Clindamycin, Sulfamethoxazole, Trimethoprim, Tetracycline, Chloramphenicol
3
Q
Narrow spectrum penicillins, SE: Hypersensitivity, DOC: Syphilis (Jarisch- Herxheimer Reaction)
A
PENICILLIN G
4
Q
Penicillinase- resistant penicilins, SE: Interstitial nephritis
A
METHICILLIN
5
Q
Extended spectrum penicillins, SE: Pseudo- membranous colitis (C. defficile
A
AMPICILLIN
6
Q
Anti- pseudomonal penicillins, SE: hypertension, hypervolemia, bleeding
A
TICARCILLIN
7
Q
DOC: NAF(NAFcillin), SE: Neutropenia
A
STAPHylococcus
8
Q
Drug Coverage of Amoxicillin
A
amoxicillin HELPS kill Enterococci: Haemophilus influenzae, Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, Proteus mirabilis, Salmonela spp., Enterococci
9
Q
Drugs for Pseudomonas
A
TCP (Takes Care of Pseudomas): Ticarcillin, Carbenicillin, Piperacillin
10
Q
1st generation cephalosporin, high bone penetration, surgical prophylaxis, greatest Gram Positive coverage, SE: Hypersensitivity reaction
A
CEFAZOLIN
11
Q
2nd generation cephalosporin, added Gram Negative coverage, SE: Disulfiram reaction
A
CEFAMANDOLE
12
Q
3rd generation cephalosporin, Pseudomonas coverage, SE: Disulfiram reaction (ONLY 3rd gen cephalosporin with Disulfiram reaction)
A
CEFOPERAZONE
13
Q
Most efficacious cephalosporin for Psedomonas aeruginosa
A
CEFTAZIDIME
14
Q
4th generation cephalosporin, broad spectrum activity (gram positive & gram negative)
A
CEFEPIME
15
Q
Cephalosporin with best penetrance to the BBB
A
CEFTRIAXONE
16
Q
2nd generation cephalosporin that can cros the BBB
A
CEFUROXIME
17
Q
Microbes covered by 1st generation cephalosporins
A
KEPs: Klebsiella, E. coli, Proteus
18
Q
First Generation Cephalosporins
A
FADer, help me FAZ my Pharmacology boards!: ceFADroxil, ceFAZolin, cePHalothin, cePHapirin, cePHradine, cePHalexin
19
Q
Microbes covered by 2nd Generation Cephalosporins
A
HEN has KEPS: Haemophilus influenzae, Enterobacter aerogenes, Neisseria spp., Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, Serratia marcescens
20
Q
2nd Generation Cephalosporins
A
in a FAMily gathering, you see your FOXy cousin wearing a FUR coat and drinking TEA: ceFAMandole, ceFOXitin, ceFURoxime, cefoTEtan; FAC! LORA the PROfessional AZhOLE is still on the FONe: ceFAClor, LORAcarbef, cefPROzil, cefmetaZOLE, ceFONicid
21
Q
Cephalosporins causing Disulfiram Reaction
A
CEFOPERAZONE (3rd Gen), CEFAMANDOLE (2nd Gen), CEFMETAZOLE (2nd Gen), CEFOTETAN (2nd Gen)
22
Q
Enzyme inhibited in Disulfiram Reaction
A
ACETALDEHYDE DEHYDROGENASE
23
Q
3rd Generation Cephalosporins
A
Fenge PO ng PERA to FIX my TTTTTv!: ceFEtamet, cefPOdozin, cefoPERAzone, ceFIXime, cefTriaxone, cefTazidime, cefoTaxime, cefTizoxime, cefTibuten
24
Q
Anti- Pseudomonal Cephalosporins
A
CEFTAZIDIME (3rd Gen), CEFOPERAZONE(3rd Gen), CEFEPIME (4th Gen)
25
Blocks Peptidyl transferase (prevents addition of an amino acid) by binding to 50S subunit, SE: Aplastic Anemia (Idiosyncratic), Gray Baby Syndrome
CHLORAMPHENICOL
26
Enzyme inhibited in Gray Baby Syndrome
GLUCORONYL TRANSFERASE
27
Blocks tRNA binding site by binding to 30S subunit, SE: Tooth enamel discoloration, photosensitivity
TETRACYCLINE
28
Binds to 50S subunit, DOC: penicillin- allergic patients, SE: Diarrhea, cholestatic jaundice
ERYTHROMYCIN (Bx: MERCOLIDE)
29
Binds to 50S subunit, highest volume of distribution, single dose administration
AZITHROMYCIN (DC: Macrolide)
30
Methylating binding site at 50S subunit, anaerobic coverage, SE: Pseudo- membranous colitis
CLINDAMYCIN (DC: Lincosamide)
31
Binds to 50S subunit, Vacomycin- resistant
LINEZOLID (DC: Oxazolindone)
32
50S vs 30S
buy AT 30, CELL at 50: 30S - Aminoglycoside, Tetracyline; 50S - Chloramphenicol, Erythromycin, cLindamycin, Linezolid
33
Used for anaerobic infections above the diaphragm
CLINDAMYCIN (DC: Lincosamide)
34
Used for anaerobic infections below the diaphragm
METRONIDAZOLE
35
Drugs that are Oxygen- dependent active transporter
AMINOGLYCOSIDES
36
Prototyp aminoglycoside, bactericidal, binds to 30S subunit, SE: Nephrotoxicity, Ototoxicity
GENTAMICIN
37
Aminoglycoside used as treatment for ocular infections
TOBRAMYCIN
38
Aminoglycoside used as treatment for Tuberculosis
STREPTOMYCIN
39
Aminoglycoside used as treatment for Drug- Resistant Gonorrhea
SPECTINOMYCIN
40
Aminoglycoside with the widest spectrum of activity, with Pseudomonas coverage, narrow therapeutic window
AMIKACIN
41
Aminoglycoside used as treatment for Hepatic Encephalopathy
NEOMYCIN
42
Aminoglycosides that do NOT work on Anaerobic conditions
an AMIrican GENeral STREP a NEOphyte's BRA while TERAiding a NEPHRO's OTO: AMIkacin, GENtamicin, STREPtomycin, NEOmycin, toBRAmycin, TERAtogen, NEPHROtoxicity, OTOtoxicity
43
Sulfonamide that blocks Dihydroteroate synthase (converts PABA to dihydrofolic acid)
SULFAMETHOXAZOLE
44
Sulfonamide that blocks Dihydrofolate reductase (converts dihydrofolic acid to tetrahydrofolic acid
TRIMETHOPRIM
45
Sulfonamide that acts as sequential blockade in folate synthesis, Urinary tract infections, SE: Hypersensitivity (SJS, TEN), Kernicterus, hemolysis in patients with G6PD
TRIMETHOPRIM- SULFAMETHOXAZOLE
46
Sulfonamide used as treatment for burn infections
SULFADIAZINE
47
Antiprotozoal for treatment of Toxoplasmosis
PYREMETHAMINE + SULFADIAZINE
48
2nd generation quinolone used as treatment for Urinary tract infections, SE: Tendinitis
CIPROFLOXACIN
49
3rd generation quinolone used for treatment of pulmonary infections
LEVOFLOXACIN (L for Lungs)
50
4th generation quinolone with broad spectrum activity and anaerobic coverage used for treatment of ocular infections
MOXIFLOXACIN (Bx: Legamox)
51
4th generation quinolone, SE: Diabetes Mellitus
GATIFLOXACIN
52
Side effect of Fluroquinolones
fluoroquinoLONES hut attachment to your BONES: CARTILAGE DAMAGE (Avoid giving to Pedia patients and Pregnant women
53
Antimycobacterial with Cidal action, inhibits Mycolic acid synthesis, SE: neurotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, sideroblastic anemia, drug- induced lupus, potent CYP450 inhibitor
ISONIAZID
54
Antimycobacterial with Static action, inhibits DNA- dependent RNA polymerase, SE: RED ORANGE URINE, hepatotoxicity, CYP450 Inducer
RIFAMPICIN
55
Antimycobacterial with Static action, inhibits arabinoglactan synthesis, SE: visual dysfunction (retrobulbar neuritis, color blindness)
ETHAMBUTOL
56
Antimycobacterial with Static action but Cidal action on actively dividing MTB, SE: hyperuricemia, hepatotoxicity (most)
PYRAZINAMIDE
57
Antimycobacterial with Cidal action, binds to 30S subunit, SE: nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity
STREPTOMYCIN
58
Side effects of Isoniazid
INH Injures Neurons and Hepatocytes
59
Side effects of Rifampicin
R = Rifampicin: Rna polymerase inhibitor, Red orange body fluids, Rapid development of resistance, Revs up cytochrome P450 (inducer)
60
Hepatotoxic Anti- TB Drugs
ISOlod sa RIF ang PYRit: ISONIAZID < RIFAMPICIN < PYRAZINAMIDE
61
Most active drug against M. leprae, inhibits folate synthesis, SE: Methomo- globinemia, hemolysis in G6PD deficiency
DAPSONE
62
anti TB drug used for Lperosy, Inhibits DNA- dependent RNA polymerase, SE: red orange urine, delays onset of Dapsone resistance
RIFAMPICIN
63
Drug used for treatment of Leprosy, with Phenazine dye, binds to guanine bases, SE: Skin discoloration
CLOFAZIMINE
64
Silver bullet against Gram- Negative bacteria, no Gram- positive activity, with PSEUDOMONAS COVERAGE
AZTREONAM
65
Beta- lactamase inhibitor
CLAVULANIC ACID
66
Antimicrobial used as treatment for MRSA, SE: Red Man Syndrome
VANCOMYCIN
67
Drug of Last Resort, Broad spectrum of activity, SE: CNS toxicity
MEROPENEM
68
Anaerobic and antiprotozoal coverage, treatment of pseudo- membranous colitis, SE: Disulfiram reaction, metallic tase, neurotoxicity
METRONIDAZOLE
69
Antimicrobial used as treatment for urinary tract infections, SE: Pulmonary fibrosis
NITROFURANTOIN
70
Drugs considered as Drugs of last resort
I AM your Last Shot at Victory: Imipenem, Amikacin, Meropenem, Linezolid, Streptomycin, Vancomycin
71
Most efficacious antifungal drug, forms artificial pores, SE: nephrotoxicity (RTA with K & Mg wasting, ATN), infusion related reactions (fever, chills, muscle spasm, hypotension)
AMPHOTERICIN B
72
Antifungal used as topical treatment of dermatophytosis and candidiasis, SE: gynecomastia, CYP450 inhibitor
KETOCONAZOLE
73
Antifungal used as prophylaxis and treatment of Candidiasis and Cryptococcosis, (+) on India ink preparation of CSF
FLUCONAZOLE
74
Interferes with fungal microtubules, SE: potent CYP450 inducer
GRISEOFULVIN
75
Treatment of Candidiasis (oropharyngeal, esophageal, vaginal), Swish and swallow or suppository preparations
NYSTATIN
76
Treatment of Herpes- Simplex Virus and Zaricella- Zoster Virus, requires activation by viral Thymidine kinase, SE: crystalluria
ACYCLOVIR (DC: Guanosine analogue)
77
Treatment of Cytomegalovirus, requires activation by viral thymidine kinase, SE: hematotoxic, neutropenia
GANCYCLOVIR
78
Treatment of Herpes- Simplex Virus, Varicella- Zoster Virus and Cytomegalovirus, DOES NOT require viral thymidine kinase activation
FOSCARNET (DC: Pyrophosphate analogue)
79
Prevents viral uncoating, with Influenza A coverage, SE: cerebellar dysfunction, livedo reticularis
AMANTADINE
80
Neuraminidase inhibitor, DOC: Influenza
OSELTAMIVIR
81
Antiviral used as treatment of Hepatitis B infection
LAMIVUDINE
82
Antiviral used as treatment of Hepatitis C and Respiratory Syncytial Virus
RIBAVIRIN
83
MOA for Amantadine
A MAN TO DINE takes off his COAT: AMANTADINE prevents UNCOATING; blocks influenza A and rubellA, causes problems with the cerebellA
84
Antiretroviral that is a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI), requires phosphorylation, primary drug for HIV, prevents vertical transmission of HIV, SE: lactic acidosis
ZIDOVUDINE (AZT)
85
Antiretroviral that is a non- nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI), no phosphorylation required, SE: hepatotoxicity
DELAVIRDINE
86
Antiretroviral that is a protease inhibitor, SE: fat redistribution syndrome, hyperlipidemia, insulin resistance
INDINAVIR
87
Antiretroviral that is a fusion inhibitor, binds gp41 subunit
ENFUVIRTIDE
88
Antiretroviral that is a binding inhibitor, CCR5 antagonist
MARAVIROC
89
Non Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NNRTI)
Never Ever Deliver Nucleosides: Nevirapine, Efavirenz, Delavirdine
90
Protease Inhibitors
All Protease inhibitors end with -NAVIR: NAVIR (never) TEASE a proTEASE
91
Primary drug for Malaria, prevents heme polymerization into hemozoin, SE: retinal damage, hearing loss
CHLOROQUINE
92
Chloroquine- resistance, severe malaria, DOC: Pregnant patient with Malaria, SE: Hypoglycemia, Blackwater fever, Cinchonism
QUINIDINE
93
Antimalarial used for eradication of hypnozoites of P. vivax and ovale, "Radical Cure for Malaria"
PRIMAQUINE
94
Chemoprophylaxis (Chloroquine- Resistant Areas)
MEFLOQUINE, MALARONE
95
Chemoprophylaxis (MultiDrug- Resistant Areas)
DOXYCYCLINE
96
DOC: Malaria in the Philippines (P. falciparum)
CO-ARTEM
97
Antiprotozoal for asymptomatic carriers of E. histolytica
DILOXANIDE FUROATE
98
Antiprotozoal for Amebic dysentery, trichomoniasis, bacterial vaginosis, SE: Disulfiram reaction
METRONIDAZOLE
99
Antiprotozoal for Cryptosporidium parvum infection, Sx: Diarrhea in Immunocompromised
NITAZOXANIDE
100
Antiprotozoal for African Sleeping Sickness
SURAMIN + MALARSEPROS
101
Antiprotozoal for Chagas Disease
NIFORTIMOX
102
Antiprotozoal for Leishmaniasis
STIBOGLUCONATE
103
Treatment for Pneumocystis jeroveci infection
TRIMETHOPRIM- SULFAMETHOXAZOLE
104
Antihelminthic that inhibits helminthic microtubules, ovicidal
MEBENDAZOLE
105
Antihelminthic that inhibits helminthic microtubules, Ovicidal and Larvicidal, DOC: Hydatid Disease (Echinococcosis)
ALBENDAZOLE
106
Antihelminthic DOC: Filaria and Loa loa, SE: FILARIAL FEVER
DEC
107
Antihelminthic DOC: Strongyloides and Onchocerca, SE: MAZZOTTI REACTION
IVERMECTIN
108
Antihelminthic DOC: Enterobius
PYRANTEL PAMOATE
109
Antihelminthic DOC: Trichinosis
THIABENDAZOLE
110
Antihelminthic DOC: Trematodes and Cestodes EXCEPT Echinococcosis
PRAZIQUANTEL
111
Antihelminthic Back up drug for Praziquantel
NICLOSAMIDE
112
Sedative Hypnotic for Acute anxiety attacks, Anesthesia induction and preoperative sedation
MIDAZOLAM
113
Sedative Hypnotic for Seizure Disorders (Status epilepticus), Alcohol withdrawal, Tranquilizer
DIAZEPAM
114
Date- Rape Drug
FLUNITRAZEPAM
115
Antidote to Benzodiazepine overdose
FLUMAZENIL
116
Sedative hypnotic for anesthesia induction, lethal injection and truth serum
THIOPENTAL
117
Sedative hypnotic for seizure disorders in children, SE: precipitates porphyria, potent CYP450 inducer
PHENOBARBITAL
118
Abnormal sleep pattern resulting from the use of benzodiazepines
DECREASED REM SLEEP
119
Bezodiazepine with the longest Half- Life
CHLORDIAZEPOXIDE (36-200 hours, longest spelling)
120
Drugs considered as Date- Rape Drugs
ALCOHOL (most common), FLUNITRAZEPAM (Bx: Rohypnol), Gamma- Hydroxybutyrate
121
Shortest acting CNS drug
TAYOpental = TAYO agad: THIOPENTAL
122
CNS drug used for Zleep Disorders
ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ: ZOLPIDEM, ZALEPLON
123
Sedative Hypnotic Poisoning
Hot Hot Hot DeCisioN!: Hypothermia, Hypotension, Hypoactive BS, Disinhibition, Coma, Nystagmus
124
Most frequently abused drug, Wernicke- Korsakoff syndrome in overdose, delirium tremens in withdrawal
ETHANOL
125
Prevention of Wernicke- Korsakoff syndrome
THIAMINE
126
Treatment of alcohol withdrawal
DIAZEPAM
127
Wood alcohol, SE: VISUAL DYSFUNCTION due to FORMALDEHYDE ACCUMULATION
METHANOL
128
Antifreeze, SE: NEPHROTOXICITY due to OXALIC ACID ACCUMULATION
ETHYLENE GLYCOL
129
Alcohol Dehydrogenase Inhibitor
TOMEPIZOLE
130
Aldehyde Dehydrogenase Inhibitor
DISULFIRAM
131
Drugs with Disulfiram Reactions
Clara took the Pre- Medical Test in the PM: Chlorpropamide, cefoPerazone, cefoMandole, cefoTetan, Procarbazine, Metronidazole
132
Antiseizure drug that is a potent CYP450 inducer, SE: Gingival hyperplasia, hirsutism, fetal hydantoin syndrome
PHENYTOIN
133
Antiseizure drug that is a potent CYP450 inducer, DOC: Partial seizure and trigeminal neuralgia, SE: Blood dyscrasias
CARBAMAZEPINE
134
Antiseizure drug that is a potent CYP450 inhibitor, DOC: GTC and Myoclonic seizure, migraine prophylaxis, Bipolar disorder, SE: Teratogen (Spina Bifida)
VALPROIC ACID
135
Antiseizure drug that is a potent CYP450 inducer, DOC: seizures in children and pregnant women, SE: Porphyria
PHENOBARBITAL
136
DOC: Absence seizure
ETHOSUXIMIDE, VALPROIC ACID
137
DOC: Status epilepticus
DIAZEPAM, LORAZEPAM, PHENYTOIN, PHENOBARBITAL
138
Antiseizure drug used as treatment of neuropathic pain
GABAPENTIN
139
Antiseizure drug with SJS as Side Effect
LAMOTRIGINE
140
DOC: Generalized Tonic- Clonic Seizure
VALPROIC ACID, PHEYTOIN, CARBAMAZEPINE
141
DOC: Partial Seizures
CARBAMAZEPINE, LAMOTRIGINE, PHENYTOIN
142
DOC: Myoclonic and Atypical Absence Syndromes
VALPROIC ACID
143
Anesthetic with Highest MAC (lowest potency), SE: Euphoria, "Laughing Gas"
NITROUS OXIDE
144
Anesthetic with not clearly described MOA, SE: Pulmonary irritant, CI: Asthma
DESFLURANE
145
Anesthetic with not clearly described MOA, SE: Postoperative hepatitis, Malignant Hyperthermia
HALOTHANE
146
DOC: Malignant Hyperthermia
DANTROLENE
147
Anesthetic with Lowest MAC (highest potency), slowest induction and recovery
METHOXYFLURANE
148
Anesthetic with dissociative anesthesia, NMDA receptor blocker, SE: Emergence delirium
KETAMINE
149
Anesthesia for patients with limited cardiopulmonary reserve, SE: adrenal suppression
ETOMIDATE
150
Anesthesia used for prolonged sedation, "Milk of Amnesia", SE: Hypotension
PROPOFOL
151
Differentiation of Local Anesthetics as Esters or Amides
ESTERS have only 1 I in name: TETRACAINE, PROCAINE, BENZOCAINE; AMIDES have 2 i's in their name: BUPIVACAINE, ROPIVACAINE, LIDOCAINE
152
Local Anesthetic with the Shortest and Longest Half- Life
PROCAINE: shortest half- life (1-2 min) - a PRO finishes the race FASTEST; ROPIVACAINE: longest half- life (4.2 hours) - at the end of a long ROPe
153
Why don't we inject LIDOCAINE in an abscess?
Won't work due to ACIDIC environment (below pKa = protonated form predominates, so it can't penetrate tissues)
154
Toxic Dose of Lidocaine
TOXIC DOSE: 5 mg/kg for any drug or solution; 1% = 10 mg/mL
155
Prototype Nondepolarizing Neuromuscular Blocker, SE: Orthostatic hypotension
TUBOCURARINE
156
Skeletal muscle relaxant that undergoe Hoffman elimination, SE: bronchospasm, most frequently used NNMB
ATRACURIUM
157
Skeletal muscle relaxant used in lethal injection, Strychnine poisoning
PANCURONIUM
158
Skeletal muscle relaxant used as reversal agent for NNMB
NEOSTIGMINE
159
Skeletal muscle relaxant used as DNMB, SE: malignant hyperthermia, affected pseudocholinesterase activity
SUCCINYLCHOLINE
160
Depolarizing NeuroMuscular Blocker
kapag nakapagDEPOsit ka sa toilet, SUCCess yun: DEPOlaring NMB = SUCCinylcholine
161
DOC: Parkinson's Disease
LEVODOPA + CARBIDOPA
162
Antiparkinsonian drug used for treatment of Hyperprolactinemia, SE: ERYTHROMELALGIA, PULMONARY FIBROSIS
BROMOCRIPTINE
163
Antiparkinsonian drug used as adjunctive drug for Wearing- Off Phenomena
ENTACAPONE
164
Antiparkinsonian drug with antiviral properties, SE: LIVEDO RETICULARIS, CEREBELLAR ATAXIA
AMANTADINE
165
Antiparkinsonian drug that improves tremor and rigidity but has no effects of Bradykinesia, SE: ATROPINE- LIKE EFFECTS
BENZTROPINE
166
Primary signs of Parkinson's Disease
It’s a TRAP!: Tremor, Rigidity, Akinesia, Postural instability
167
Drugs causing Livedo Reticularis
A MAN reads fHM and GQ: AMANtadine, Hydroxyurea, Minocycline, Gemcitabine (Pancreatic Ca), Quinidine
168
Prototype typical antipsychotic, SE: corneal/ lens deposits, failure of ejaculation
CHLORPROMAZINE
169
Antipsychotic drug used as treatment of floridly psychotic patients, SE: major EPS (neuroleptic malignant syndrome)
HALOPERIDOL
170
Antipsychotic DOC: Suicidal and refractory schizophrenics, SE: agranulocytosis
CLOZAPINE
171
2nd generation antipsychotic, SE: marked weight gain, hyperglycemia
OLANZAPINE
172
2nd generation antipsychotic, SE: priapism, hypnagogic hallucinations
QUETIAPINE
173
Antipsychotic drug used as treatment of schizophrenia in youth, SE: marked hyperprolactinemia
RISPERIDONE
174
Antipsychotic drug used as treatment of Mania, SE: nephrogenic DI, teratogen (Ebstein's anomaly)
LITHIUM
175
Features of Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome
FEVER: Fever, Encephalopathy, Vitals unstable, Elevated CPK, Rigidity
176
Tricylic Antidepressant used as treatment of Enuresis, SE: Atropine- like effects, cardiotoxicity
IMIPRAMINE
177
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor (SSRI), first line drug for Major Depressive Disorder, SE: Erectile dysfunction, serotonin syndrome
FLUOXETIN
178
Serotonin Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitor (SNRI), SE: Hypertension
VENLAFAXINE
179
Antidepressant acting as serotonin antagonist, SE: priapism
TRAZODONE
180
Tetracyclin antidepressant drug used for Smoking cessation, SE: weight loss, priapism, seizures
BUPROPION
181
Antidepressant drug acting as monoamine oxidase inhibitor, SE: hypertensive crisis when taken with Tyramine (in cheese), serotonin syndrome
PHENELZINE
182
Features of Tricyclic Antidepressant Overdose
3 C's: Coma, Convulsions, Cardiotoxicity
183
Drugs that cause Erectile Dysfunction
a SORE Penis can't Fuck Hard: SSRIs, Opiates, Risperidone, Ethanol, Propranolol, Estrogens, Spinorolactone, Finasteride, Hydrochlorothiazide
184
Drugs causing Priapism
Tigas Penis Qu, AyaW Bumaba: Trazodone, Papaverine, Sildenafil, Quetiapine, Alprostadil, Warfarin, Bupropion
185
Symptoms of Serotonin Syndrome
FAT CHD: Fever, Agitation, Tremor, Clonus, Hyperreflexia, Diaphoresis
186
Onset within minutes, Precipitating drug: volatile anesthetics (Halothane), succinylcholine, massive Calcium release from SR, manifest as fever, acidosis, rhadbomyolysis, trismus, clonus, hypertension, first line treatment of Dantrolene, other treatment is Cooling
MALIGNANT HYPERTHERMIA
187
Onset within hours, Precipitating Drugs: SSRIs, MAOIs, TCAs, Meperidine, MDMA, St. John's Wort, Mx: Excess Serotonin, manifest as fever, agitation, tremor, clonus, hyperrefexia, diaphoresis, First Line: Sedation, Paralysis, intubation, and ventilation, SUPPORTIVE, Other Tx: Cooling, Cyproheptadine, Chlorpromazine
SEROTONIN SYNDROME
188
Onset within 1-3 days, Precipitating Dx: Antipsychotics, Mx: Dopamine antagonism, Manifest as: Fever, Encephalopathy, Vitals unstable, Elevated CPK, Rigidity, First Line: Diphenhydramine, Other Tx: Cooling, Dantrolene, Bromocriptine, Amantadine, Diazepam
NEUROLEPTIC MALIGNANT SYNDROME
189
Protorype opioid (full agonist), SE: Miosis, respiratory depression, constipation
MORPHINE
190
Opioid for severe pain, Breathrough cancer pain, available in lollipop form or transdermal patch
FENTANYL
191
Opioid of Choice for Acutre Pancreatitis, does NOT cause miosis, SE: Seizures, Metabollite: Normeperidine (causes seizure)
MEPERIDINE
192
Replacement therapy for opioid dependence
METHADONE
193
Opioid used for Cough suppression
DEXTROMETHORPHAN
194
Opioid used for balanced anesthesia, frequently abused by health care professionals
NALBUPHINE
195
Antidote to Opioid overdose
NALOXONE
196
Treatment for Opioid dependence
NATREXONE
197
Opioid with shortest and longest half- life
REMIFENTANIL: shortest half- life (3-4 mins); BUPRENORPHINE: longest half- life (4-8 hours)
198
Triad of Opioid Overdose
PCR: Pupillary constriction, Comatose state, Respiratory depression
199
Receptors for Drugs
μ (MU) receptor = Mabagal hUminga, δ (delTa) receptor = Tolerance, κ (Kappa) receptor = Konstipation
200
Cause euphoria, sleeplessness, self- confidence
AMPHETAMINE
201
Drugs that cause sexual enhancement, hyponatremia
MDMA (ECSTASY)
202
Drugs that cause mydriasis, crack lung, teratogen (cystic cortical lesions)
COCAINE
203
Most dangerous hallucinogen, psychomimetic effects, nystagmus
PHENCYCLIDINE
204
Psychedlic effects (out of body experience), mind raveling effects, bad trips)
LSD
205
Dream- like state, red conjunctiva, tachycardia, dry mouth
MARIJUANA
206
HmG- CoA reductase inhibitor, lowers LDL, SE: hepatotoxicity, rhadbomyolysis, myopathy
SIMVASTATIN
207
Bile acid binding resin, lowers LDL, SE: constipation, steatorrhea
CHOLESTYRAMINE
208
Reduces all building blocks for hyperlipidemia, increases HDL, lowers LDL and TG, SE: flushing, hyperglycemia, hyperuricemia
NIACIN
209
Treatment of genetic short stature, failure to thrive
SOMATROPIN
210
Treatment of acromegaly, variceal bleeding
OCTREOTIDE
211
Treatment of hyperprolactinemia, Prolactinoma
BROMOCRIPTINE
212
Labor induction/ augmentation, Control of post- partum hemorrhage, SE: FLUID RETENTION
OXYTOCIN
213
Treatment of Central Diabetes Insipidus
DESMOPRESSIN
214
Treatment of hypothyroidism, myxedema coma
LEVOTHYROXINE
215
Inhibits thyroid peroxidase, blocks peripheral conversion of T4 to T3, SE: AGRANULOCYTOSIS, DOC: pregnant hyperthyroid patients
PTU
216
Inhibits thyroid peroxidase, SE: AGRANULOCYTOSIS, TERATOGEN (APLASIA CUTIS)
METHEMAZOLE
217
Preferred treatment for hyperthyroidism, SE: PERMANENT HYPOTHYROIDISM
RADIOACTIVE IODINE
218
Reduces size and vascularity of thyroid gland
LUGOL'S SOLUTION
219
Symptomatic treatment of hyperthyroidism, decreases peripheral conversion of T4 to T3
PROPRANOLOL
220
Differentiate Wolf- Chaikoff Effect from Jod- Basedow Phenomenon
WOLF- CHAIKOFF EFFECT: ingestion of iodine causes hypothyroidism; JOD- BASEDOW PHENOMENON: ingestion of iodine causes hyperthyroidism
221
Antithyroid drug that inhibit peripheral conversion of T4 to T3
PTU, PROPRANOLOL, HYDROCORTISONE
222
Drugs that cause Drug- Induced Hyperthyroidism
CLOFIBRATE, AMIODARONE, METHADONE
223
Acute adrenal insufficiency, status asthmaticus, thyroid storm
HYDROCORTISONE
224
Prototype oral glucocorticoid, SE: ADRENAL SUPPRESSION, CUSHING SYNDROME
PREDNISONE
225
Hastens fetal lung maturation
BETAMETHASONE
226
Mineralocorticoid replacement for Chronic Adrenal Insufficiency (Addison Disease)
FLUDROCORTISONE
227
2 steroids given in Hypoadrenalism
PREDNISONE, FLUDROCORTISONE
228
Most frequently used synthetic estrogen in OCPs, SE: hypertension, DVT/ PE, endometrial cancer, CI: women (age >35) who are heavy smokers
ETHINYL ESTRADIOL
229
SE: Clear cell vaginal adenocarcinoma in Daughter
DIETHYLSTILBESTROL
230
Prevents estrogen- induced endometrial cancer
NORGESTREL
231
OCP of choice in lactating women
DMPA (injection only)
232
Emergency contraception, Yuzpe regimen
LEVONOGESTREL
233
Hormone- responsive breast carcinoma, SE: ENDOMETRIAL CANCER
TAMOXIFEN
234
Ovulation induction, SE: MULTIPLE PREGNANCIES
CLOMIPHENE
235
Treatment of endometriosis
DANAZOL
236
Used in medical abortion
MISOPROSTOL
237
Treatment of male hypogonadism, SE: VIRILIZATION, PARADOXICAL FEMINIZATION
TESTOSTERONE
238
Anabolic steroids, illegal performance enhancers
OXANDROLONE
239
Treatment of prostate cancer, coadministered to prevent acute flare-ups of tumor
FLUTAMIDE + LEUPROLIDE
240
5- α- reductase inhibitor, treatment of BPH and male pattern baldness
FENASTERIDE
241
Most efficaceous antidiabetic drug, activates tyrosine kinase, SE: Hypoglycemia, Lipodystrophy
INSULIN
242
1st generation SU, SE: hypoglycemia, weight gain, Disulfiram reaction
CHLORPROPAMIDE
243
2nd generation SU, SE: hypoglycemia, weight gain, Disulfiram reaction
GLIPIZIDE
244
Newer insulin secretagogue, NO hypoglycemia
REPAGLINIDE
245
First line antidiabetic drug, decreases gluconeogenesis, SE: lactic acidosis, weight loss, GI upset, DOC: obese patients,
METFORMIN
246
TZD, acts on PPAR-γ, insulin sensitizer, SE: CHF
PIOGLITAZONE
247
α-glucosidase inhibitor, SE: flatulence
ACARBOSE
248
Insulin and their action
LISpro = mabiLIS, gLARGine = GO LARGe, LANTus = LANTa na sa sobrang tagal
249
Paradoxical improvement of diabetes in patients with ESRD
INSULIN HAS PROLONGED HALF LIFE due to DECREASED CLEARANCE
250
Patients more prone to developing Hypoglycemia with Insulin use
Advanced renal disease, elderly, children younger than 7 years old
251
Inactivate vitamin D, treatment of rickets and osteomalacia
ERGOCALCIFEROL
252
Activate vitamin D, treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism
CALCITRIOL
253
Treatment of Paget's Disease of bone, hypercalcemia, Tumor marker for medullary thyroid cancer
CALCITONIN
254
Suppresses osteoclast activity, treatment of Paget's disease of bone and osteoporosis, SE: ESOPHAGITIS
ALENDRONATE
255
Phosphate binding resin
SEVELAMER
256
Signs of excess pTH
Painful bones, renal stones, abdominal groans, psychiatric overtones
257
Function of Calcitonin
calciTONin = TONes down Calcium (dec serum calcium, decreases bone resorption
258
Neutralizes stomach acids, SE: DIARRHEA= CONSTIPATION (CANCELS EACH OTHER)
MAALOX
259
Greatly suppresses nocturnal acid secretion, H2 blocker, SE: GYNECOMASTIA
CIMETIDINE
260
Irreversible blockade of H+/K+ ATPase, DOC: PUD and Zollinger- Ellison Syndrome
OMEPRAZOLE
261
Prokinetic agent, antiemetic, DOC: Diabetic Gastroparesis
METOCLOPRAMIDE
262
Osmotic laxative, treatment of hepatic encephalopathy
LACTULOSE
263
Stimulant laxative, SE: MELANOSIS COLI
SENNA
264
Opioid antispasmodic, DOC: noninfectious diarrhea, SE: PARALYTIC ILEUS (IN CHILDREN)
LOPERAMIDE
265
Treatment of lymphomas, SE: HEMORRHAGIC CYSTITIS, Ant: MESNA, Metabollite: Acrolane
CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE
266
Alkylating agent with SE: MARKED VESICANT ACTIONS (SKIN BLISTERING)
MECHLORETHAMINE
267
Treatment of Colon cancer, SE: OTOTOXICITY, NEPHROTOXICITY, Ant: AMIFOSTINE
CISPLATIN
268
Alkylating agent with SE: DISULFIRAM REACTION, LEUKEMOGENESIS
PROCARBAZINE
269
Testicular and Ovarian Tumors, SE: PULMONARY FIBROSIS, BONE- MARROW SPARING
BLEOMYCIN
270
Treatment of brain tumors, SE: CNS toxicity
CARMUSTINE
271
Drugs that cause Pulmonary Fibrosis
BRO! ME BLEssing sa AMIn, siguradong BUSUg na naman tayo NITRO!: BROmocriptine, Methotrexate, BLEomycin, AMIodarone, BUSUlfan, NITROfurantoin
272
Treatment of lymphomas and GTN, SE: MYELOSUPPRESSION, PULMONARY FIBROSIS, Ant: LEUCOVORIN (FOLINIC ACID)
METHOTREXATE
273
Treatment of Acute Leukemias, SE: MYELOSUPPRESSION, HEPATOTOXICITY, METABOLISM INHIBITED BY ALLOPURINOL
6- MERCAPTOPURINE
274
Treatment of colorectal and skin cancer, causes THYMINE-LESS death of cells, SE: MYELOSUPPRESSION
5- FLUOROURACIL
275
Treatment of CML in blast crisis, most specific for the S phase of the cell cycle
CYTARABINE
276
Inhibits ribonucleotide reductase, treatment of pancreatic cancer
GEMCITABINE
277
Vinca alkaloid, prevents microtubule assembly, SE: peripheral neuropathy
VINCRISTINE
278
Podophyllotoxin, inhibits DNA topoisomerase II, treatment of lung cancer, Non- hodgkin's lymphoma and GTN
ETOPOSIDE
279
Camptothecin, inhibits DNA topoisomerase I, treatment of small cell lung cancer
TOPOTECAN
280
Taxane, prevents microtubule disassembly, advanced breast and ovarian cancers
PALITAXEL
281
Intercalating agents, SE: dilated cardiomyopathy, Ant: Dexrazoxane
DOXORUBICIN
282
Treatment of testicular cancer, with bone marrow sparing, SE: pulmonary fibrosis, most specific for the G2 phase of the cell cycle
BLEOMYCIN
283
Treatment of melanoma, Wilms tumor and GTN
ACTINOMYCIN D
284
Tyrosine kinase inhibitorm, treatment of CML, SE: FLUID RETENTION, MULTIPLE DRUG INTERACTIONS
IMATINIB
285
Treatment of metastatic breast cancer, active against cells expressing HER-2/ neu
TRASTUZUMAB
286
Inhibits VEGF, treatment of Metastatic cancers
BEVACIZUMAB
287
Differentiation therapy, treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia, only vitamin that can cure cancer
ALL TRANS RETINOIC ACID
288
Acute arsenic poisoning, acute mercury poisoning, chronic severe lead poisoning, SE: hypertension
DIMERCAPROL
289
Pica, ingestion of flakes of paint, abdominal colic, acute encephalopathy, wrist drop, mental retardation
LEAD
290
Chronic Lead poisoning (oral treatment)
SUCCIMER
291
Chronic Severe Lead poisoning, SE: hypocalcemia
EDTA
292
Rice water stools, garlicky breath, Mee's lines, raindrop pigmentation, milk and roses complexion
ARSENIC POISONING
293
Hemorrhagic gastroenteritis, renal failure, loosening of gums and teeth, erethism
INORGANIC MERCURY POISONING
294
Minamata disease (cerebral palsy, deafness, blindness, mental retardation)
ORGANIC MERCURY POISONING
295
Severe GI necrosis, hemosiderosis, restrictive cardiomyopathy
IRON
296
Acute iron poisoning, hemochromatosis
DEFEROXAMINE
297
Hepatotoxicity, Kayser- Fleischer rings, sunflower cataracts
COPPER
298
Copper poisoning, Wilson's disease, SE: drug- induced lupus
PENICILLAMINE
