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Pharmacology > PHARMA PEARLS 2 > Flashcards

PHARMA PEARLS 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Bactericidal Antibiotics

A

Very Finely Proficient At Murder: Vancomycin, Fluoroquinolones, Penicillins, Aminoglycosides, Metronidazole

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2
Q

Bacteriostatic Antibiotics

A

we’re ECSTaTiC about bacteriostatics: Erythromycin, Clindamycin, Sulfamethoxazole, Trimethoprim, Tetracycline, Chloramphenicol

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3
Q

Narrow spectrum penicillins, SE: Hypersensitivity, DOC: Syphilis (Jarisch- Herxheimer Reaction)

A

PENICILLIN G

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4
Q

Penicillinase- resistant penicilins, SE: Interstitial nephritis

A

METHICILLIN

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5
Q

Extended spectrum penicillins, SE: Pseudo- membranous colitis (C. defficile

A

AMPICILLIN

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6
Q

Anti- pseudomonal penicillins, SE: hypertension, hypervolemia, bleeding

A

TICARCILLIN

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7
Q

DOC: NAF(NAFcillin), SE: Neutropenia

A

STAPHylococcus

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8
Q

Drug Coverage of Amoxicillin

A

amoxicillin HELPS kill Enterococci: Haemophilus influenzae, Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, Proteus mirabilis, Salmonela spp., Enterococci

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9
Q

Drugs for Pseudomonas

A

TCP (Takes Care of Pseudomas): Ticarcillin, Carbenicillin, Piperacillin

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10
Q

1st generation cephalosporin, high bone penetration, surgical prophylaxis, greatest Gram Positive coverage, SE: Hypersensitivity reaction

A

CEFAZOLIN

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11
Q

2nd generation cephalosporin, added Gram Negative coverage, SE: Disulfiram reaction

A

CEFAMANDOLE

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12
Q

3rd generation cephalosporin, Pseudomonas coverage, SE: Disulfiram reaction (ONLY 3rd gen cephalosporin with Disulfiram reaction)

A

CEFOPERAZONE

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13
Q

Most efficacious cephalosporin for Psedomonas aeruginosa

A

CEFTAZIDIME

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14
Q

4th generation cephalosporin, broad spectrum activity (gram positive & gram negative)

A

CEFEPIME

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15
Q

Cephalosporin with best penetrance to the BBB

A

CEFTRIAXONE

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16
Q

2nd generation cephalosporin that can cros the BBB

A

CEFUROXIME

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17
Q

Microbes covered by 1st generation cephalosporins

A

KEPs: Klebsiella, E. coli, Proteus

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18
Q

First Generation Cephalosporins

A

FADer, help me FAZ my Pharmacology boards!: ceFADroxil, ceFAZolin, cePHalothin, cePHapirin, cePHradine, cePHalexin

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19
Q

Microbes covered by 2nd Generation Cephalosporins

A

HEN has KEPS: Haemophilus influenzae, Enterobacter aerogenes, Neisseria spp., Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, Serratia marcescens

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20
Q

2nd Generation Cephalosporins

A

in a FAMily gathering, you see your FOXy cousin wearing a FUR coat and drinking TEA: ceFAMandole, ceFOXitin, ceFURoxime, cefoTEtan; FAC! LORA the PROfessional AZhOLE is still on the FONe: ceFAClor, LORAcarbef, cefPROzil, cefmetaZOLE, ceFONicid

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21
Q

Cephalosporins causing Disulfiram Reaction

A

CEFOPERAZONE (3rd Gen), CEFAMANDOLE (2nd Gen), CEFMETAZOLE (2nd Gen), CEFOTETAN (2nd Gen)

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22
Q

Enzyme inhibited in Disulfiram Reaction

A

ACETALDEHYDE DEHYDROGENASE

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23
Q

3rd Generation Cephalosporins

A

Fenge PO ng PERA to FIX my TTTTTv!: ceFEtamet, cefPOdozin, cefoPERAzone, ceFIXime, cefTriaxone, cefTazidime, cefoTaxime, cefTizoxime, cefTibuten

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24
Q

Anti- Pseudomonal Cephalosporins

A

CEFTAZIDIME (3rd Gen), CEFOPERAZONE(3rd Gen), CEFEPIME (4th Gen)

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25
Q

Blocks Peptidyl transferase (prevents addition of an amino acid) by binding to 50S subunit, SE: Aplastic Anemia (Idiosyncratic), Gray Baby Syndrome

A

CHLORAMPHENICOL

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26
Q

Enzyme inhibited in Gray Baby Syndrome

A

GLUCORONYL TRANSFERASE

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27
Q

Blocks tRNA binding site by binding to 30S subunit, SE: Tooth enamel discoloration, photosensitivity

A

TETRACYCLINE

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28
Q

Binds to 50S subunit, DOC: penicillin- allergic patients, SE: Diarrhea, cholestatic jaundice

A

ERYTHROMYCIN (Bx: MERCOLIDE)

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29
Q

Binds to 50S subunit, highest volume of distribution, single dose administration

A

AZITHROMYCIN (DC: Macrolide)

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30
Q

Methylating binding site at 50S subunit, anaerobic coverage, SE: Pseudo- membranous colitis

A

CLINDAMYCIN (DC: Lincosamide)

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31
Q

Binds to 50S subunit, Vacomycin- resistant

A

LINEZOLID (DC: Oxazolindone)

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32
Q

50S vs 30S

A

buy AT 30, CELL at 50: 30S - Aminoglycoside, Tetracyline; 50S - Chloramphenicol, Erythromycin, cLindamycin, Linezolid

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33
Q

Used for anaerobic infections above the diaphragm

A

CLINDAMYCIN (DC: Lincosamide)

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34
Q

Used for anaerobic infections below the diaphragm

A

METRONIDAZOLE

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35
Q

Drugs that are Oxygen- dependent active transporter

A

AMINOGLYCOSIDES

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36
Q

Prototyp aminoglycoside, bactericidal, binds to 30S subunit, SE: Nephrotoxicity, Ototoxicity

A

GENTAMICIN

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37
Q

Aminoglycoside used as treatment for ocular infections

A

TOBRAMYCIN

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38
Q

Aminoglycoside used as treatment for Tuberculosis

A

STREPTOMYCIN

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39
Q

Aminoglycoside used as treatment for Drug- Resistant Gonorrhea

A

SPECTINOMYCIN

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40
Q

Aminoglycoside with the widest spectrum of activity, with Pseudomonas coverage, narrow therapeutic window

A

AMIKACIN

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41
Q

Aminoglycoside used as treatment for Hepatic Encephalopathy

A

NEOMYCIN

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42
Q

Aminoglycosides that do NOT work on Anaerobic conditions

A

an AMIrican GENeral STREP a NEOphyte’s BRA while TERAiding a NEPHRO’s OTO: AMIkacin, GENtamicin, STREPtomycin, NEOmycin, toBRAmycin, TERAtogen, NEPHROtoxicity, OTOtoxicity

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43
Q

Sulfonamide that blocks Dihydroteroate synthase (converts PABA to dihydrofolic acid)

A

SULFAMETHOXAZOLE

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44
Q

Sulfonamide that blocks Dihydrofolate reductase (converts dihydrofolic acid to tetrahydrofolic acid

A

TRIMETHOPRIM

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45
Q

Sulfonamide that acts as sequential blockade in folate synthesis, Urinary tract infections, SE: Hypersensitivity (SJS, TEN), Kernicterus, hemolysis in patients with G6PD

A

TRIMETHOPRIM- SULFAMETHOXAZOLE

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46
Q

Sulfonamide used as treatment for burn infections

A

SULFADIAZINE

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47
Q

Antiprotozoal for treatment of Toxoplasmosis

A

PYREMETHAMINE + SULFADIAZINE

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48
Q

2nd generation quinolone used as treatment for Urinary tract infections, SE: Tendinitis

A

CIPROFLOXACIN

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49
Q

3rd generation quinolone used for treatment of pulmonary infections

A

LEVOFLOXACIN (L for Lungs)

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50
Q

4th generation quinolone with broad spectrum activity and anaerobic coverage used for treatment of ocular infections

A

MOXIFLOXACIN (Bx: Legamox)

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51
Q

4th generation quinolone, SE: Diabetes Mellitus

A

GATIFLOXACIN

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52
Q

Side effect of Fluroquinolones

A

fluoroquinoLONES hut attachment to your BONES: CARTILAGE DAMAGE (Avoid giving to Pedia patients and Pregnant women

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53
Q

Antimycobacterial with Cidal action, inhibits Mycolic acid synthesis, SE: neurotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, sideroblastic anemia, drug- induced lupus, potent CYP450 inhibitor

A

ISONIAZID

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54
Q

Antimycobacterial with Static action, inhibits DNA- dependent RNA polymerase, SE: RED ORANGE URINE, hepatotoxicity, CYP450 Inducer

A

RIFAMPICIN

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55
Q

Antimycobacterial with Static action, inhibits arabinoglactan synthesis, SE: visual dysfunction (retrobulbar neuritis, color blindness)

A

ETHAMBUTOL

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56
Q

Antimycobacterial with Static action but Cidal action on actively dividing MTB, SE: hyperuricemia, hepatotoxicity (most)

A

PYRAZINAMIDE

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57
Q

Antimycobacterial with Cidal action, binds to 30S subunit, SE: nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity

A

STREPTOMYCIN

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58
Q

Side effects of Isoniazid

A

INH Injures Neurons and Hepatocytes

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59
Q

Side effects of Rifampicin

A

R = Rifampicin: Rna polymerase inhibitor, Red orange body fluids, Rapid development of resistance, Revs up cytochrome P450 (inducer)

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60
Q

Hepatotoxic Anti- TB Drugs

A

ISOlod sa RIF ang PYRit: ISONIAZID < RIFAMPICIN < PYRAZINAMIDE

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61
Q

Most active drug against M. leprae, inhibits folate synthesis, SE: Methomo- globinemia, hemolysis in G6PD deficiency

A

DAPSONE

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62
Q

anti TB drug used for Lperosy, Inhibits DNA- dependent RNA polymerase, SE: red orange urine, delays onset of Dapsone resistance

A

RIFAMPICIN

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63
Q

Drug used for treatment of Leprosy, with Phenazine dye, binds to guanine bases, SE: Skin discoloration

A

CLOFAZIMINE

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64
Q

Silver bullet against Gram- Negative bacteria, no Gram- positive activity, with PSEUDOMONAS COVERAGE

A

AZTREONAM

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65
Q

Beta- lactamase inhibitor

A

CLAVULANIC ACID

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66
Q

Antimicrobial used as treatment for MRSA, SE: Red Man Syndrome

A

VANCOMYCIN

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67
Q

Drug of Last Resort, Broad spectrum of activity, SE: CNS toxicity

A

MEROPENEM

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68
Q

Anaerobic and antiprotozoal coverage, treatment of pseudo- membranous colitis, SE: Disulfiram reaction, metallic tase, neurotoxicity

A

METRONIDAZOLE

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69
Q

Antimicrobial used as treatment for urinary tract infections, SE: Pulmonary fibrosis

A

NITROFURANTOIN

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70
Q

Drugs considered as Drugs of last resort

A

I AM your Last Shot at Victory: Imipenem, Amikacin, Meropenem, Linezolid, Streptomycin, Vancomycin

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71
Q

Most efficacious antifungal drug, forms artificial pores, SE: nephrotoxicity (RTA with K & Mg wasting, ATN), infusion related reactions (fever, chills, muscle spasm, hypotension)

A

AMPHOTERICIN B

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72
Q

Antifungal used as topical treatment of dermatophytosis and candidiasis, SE: gynecomastia, CYP450 inhibitor

A

KETOCONAZOLE

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73
Q

Antifungal used as prophylaxis and treatment of Candidiasis and Cryptococcosis, (+) on India ink preparation of CSF

A

FLUCONAZOLE

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74
Q

Interferes with fungal microtubules, SE: potent CYP450 inducer

A

GRISEOFULVIN

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75
Q

Treatment of Candidiasis (oropharyngeal, esophageal, vaginal), Swish and swallow or suppository preparations

A

NYSTATIN

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76
Q

Treatment of Herpes- Simplex Virus and Zaricella- Zoster Virus, requires activation by viral Thymidine kinase, SE: crystalluria

A

ACYCLOVIR (DC: Guanosine analogue)

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77
Q

Treatment of Cytomegalovirus, requires activation by viral thymidine kinase, SE: hematotoxic, neutropenia

A

GANCYCLOVIR

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78
Q

Treatment of Herpes- Simplex Virus, Varicella- Zoster Virus and Cytomegalovirus, DOES NOT require viral thymidine kinase activation

A

FOSCARNET (DC: Pyrophosphate analogue)

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79
Q

Prevents viral uncoating, with Influenza A coverage, SE: cerebellar dysfunction, livedo reticularis

A

AMANTADINE

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80
Q

Neuraminidase inhibitor, DOC: Influenza

A

OSELTAMIVIR

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81
Q

Antiviral used as treatment of Hepatitis B infection

A

LAMIVUDINE

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82
Q

Antiviral used as treatment of Hepatitis C and Respiratory Syncytial Virus

A

RIBAVIRIN

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83
Q

MOA for Amantadine

A

A MAN TO DINE takes off his COAT: AMANTADINE prevents UNCOATING; blocks influenza A and rubellA, causes problems with the cerebellA

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84
Q

Antiretroviral that is a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI), requires phosphorylation, primary drug for HIV, prevents vertical transmission of HIV, SE: lactic acidosis

A

ZIDOVUDINE (AZT)

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85
Q

Antiretroviral that is a non- nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI), no phosphorylation required, SE: hepatotoxicity

A

DELAVIRDINE

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86
Q

Antiretroviral that is a protease inhibitor, SE: fat redistribution syndrome, hyperlipidemia, insulin resistance

A

INDINAVIR

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87
Q

Antiretroviral that is a fusion inhibitor, binds gp41 subunit

A

ENFUVIRTIDE

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88
Q

Antiretroviral that is a binding inhibitor, CCR5 antagonist

A

MARAVIROC

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89
Q

Non Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NNRTI)

A

Never Ever Deliver Nucleosides: Nevirapine, Efavirenz, Delavirdine

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90
Q

Protease Inhibitors

A

All Protease inhibitors end with -NAVIR: NAVIR (never) TEASE a proTEASE

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91
Q

Primary drug for Malaria, prevents heme polymerization into hemozoin, SE: retinal damage, hearing loss

A

CHLOROQUINE

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92
Q

Chloroquine- resistance, severe malaria, DOC: Pregnant patient with Malaria, SE: Hypoglycemia, Blackwater fever, Cinchonism

A

QUINIDINE

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93
Q

Antimalarial used for eradication of hypnozoites of P. vivax and ovale, “Radical Cure for Malaria”

A

PRIMAQUINE

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94
Q

Chemoprophylaxis (Chloroquine- Resistant Areas)

A

MEFLOQUINE, MALARONE

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95
Q

Chemoprophylaxis (MultiDrug- Resistant Areas)

A

DOXYCYCLINE

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96
Q

DOC: Malaria in the Philippines (P. falciparum)

A

CO-ARTEM

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97
Q

Antiprotozoal for asymptomatic carriers of E. histolytica

A

DILOXANIDE FUROATE

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98
Q

Antiprotozoal for Amebic dysentery, trichomoniasis, bacterial vaginosis, SE: Disulfiram reaction

A

METRONIDAZOLE

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99
Q

Antiprotozoal for Cryptosporidium parvum infection, Sx: Diarrhea in Immunocompromised

A

NITAZOXANIDE

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100
Q

Antiprotozoal for African Sleeping Sickness

A

SURAMIN + MALARSEPROS

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101
Q

Antiprotozoal for Chagas Disease

A

NIFORTIMOX

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102
Q

Antiprotozoal for Leishmaniasis

A

STIBOGLUCONATE

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103
Q

Treatment for Pneumocystis jeroveci infection

A

TRIMETHOPRIM- SULFAMETHOXAZOLE

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104
Q

Antihelminthic that inhibits helminthic microtubules, ovicidal

A

MEBENDAZOLE

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105
Q

Antihelminthic that inhibits helminthic microtubules, Ovicidal and Larvicidal, DOC: Hydatid Disease (Echinococcosis)

A

ALBENDAZOLE

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106
Q

Antihelminthic DOC: Filaria and Loa loa, SE: FILARIAL FEVER

A

DEC

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107
Q

Antihelminthic DOC: Strongyloides and Onchocerca, SE: MAZZOTTI REACTION

A

IVERMECTIN

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108
Q

Antihelminthic DOC: Enterobius

A

PYRANTEL PAMOATE

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109
Q

Antihelminthic DOC: Trichinosis

A

THIABENDAZOLE

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110
Q

Antihelminthic DOC: Trematodes and Cestodes EXCEPT Echinococcosis

A

PRAZIQUANTEL

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111
Q

Antihelminthic Back up drug for Praziquantel

A

NICLOSAMIDE

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112
Q

Sedative Hypnotic for Acute anxiety attacks, Anesthesia induction and preoperative sedation

A

MIDAZOLAM

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113
Q

Sedative Hypnotic for Seizure Disorders (Status epilepticus), Alcohol withdrawal, Tranquilizer

A

DIAZEPAM

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114
Q

Date- Rape Drug

A

FLUNITRAZEPAM

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115
Q

Antidote to Benzodiazepine overdose

A

FLUMAZENIL

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116
Q

Sedative hypnotic for anesthesia induction, lethal injection and truth serum

A

THIOPENTAL

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117
Q

Sedative hypnotic for seizure disorders in children, SE: precipitates porphyria, potent CYP450 inducer

A

PHENOBARBITAL

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118
Q

Abnormal sleep pattern resulting from the use of benzodiazepines

A

DECREASED REM SLEEP

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119
Q

Bezodiazepine with the longest Half- Life

A

CHLORDIAZEPOXIDE (36-200 hours, longest spelling)

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120
Q

Drugs considered as Date- Rape Drugs

A

ALCOHOL (most common), FLUNITRAZEPAM (Bx: Rohypnol), Gamma- Hydroxybutyrate

121
Q

Shortest acting CNS drug

A

TAYOpental = TAYO agad: THIOPENTAL

122
Q

CNS drug used for Zleep Disorders

A

ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ: ZOLPIDEM, ZALEPLON

123
Q

Sedative Hypnotic Poisoning

A

Hot Hot Hot DeCisioN!: Hypothermia, Hypotension, Hypoactive BS, Disinhibition, Coma, Nystagmus

124
Q

Most frequently abused drug, Wernicke- Korsakoff syndrome in overdose, delirium tremens in withdrawal

A

ETHANOL

125
Q

Prevention of Wernicke- Korsakoff syndrome

A

THIAMINE

126
Q

Treatment of alcohol withdrawal

A

DIAZEPAM

127
Q

Wood alcohol, SE: VISUAL DYSFUNCTION due to FORMALDEHYDE ACCUMULATION

A

METHANOL

128
Q

Antifreeze, SE: NEPHROTOXICITY due to OXALIC ACID ACCUMULATION

A

ETHYLENE GLYCOL

129
Q

Alcohol Dehydrogenase Inhibitor

A

TOMEPIZOLE

130
Q

Aldehyde Dehydrogenase Inhibitor

A

DISULFIRAM

131
Q

Drugs with Disulfiram Reactions

A

Clara took the Pre- Medical Test in the PM: Chlorpropamide, cefoPerazone, cefoMandole, cefoTetan, Procarbazine, Metronidazole

132
Q

Antiseizure drug that is a potent CYP450 inducer, SE: Gingival hyperplasia, hirsutism, fetal hydantoin syndrome

A

PHENYTOIN

133
Q

Antiseizure drug that is a potent CYP450 inducer, DOC: Partial seizure and trigeminal neuralgia, SE: Blood dyscrasias

A

CARBAMAZEPINE

134
Q

Antiseizure drug that is a potent CYP450 inhibitor, DOC: GTC and Myoclonic seizure, migraine prophylaxis, Bipolar disorder, SE: Teratogen (Spina Bifida)

A

VALPROIC ACID

135
Q

Antiseizure drug that is a potent CYP450 inducer, DOC: seizures in children and pregnant women, SE: Porphyria

A

PHENOBARBITAL

136
Q

DOC: Absence seizure

A

ETHOSUXIMIDE, VALPROIC ACID

137
Q

DOC: Status epilepticus

A

DIAZEPAM, LORAZEPAM, PHENYTOIN, PHENOBARBITAL

138
Q

Antiseizure drug used as treatment of neuropathic pain

A

GABAPENTIN

139
Q

Antiseizure drug with SJS as Side Effect

A

LAMOTRIGINE

140
Q

DOC: Generalized Tonic- Clonic Seizure

A

VALPROIC ACID, PHEYTOIN, CARBAMAZEPINE

141
Q

DOC: Partial Seizures

A

CARBAMAZEPINE, LAMOTRIGINE, PHENYTOIN

142
Q

DOC: Myoclonic and Atypical Absence Syndromes

A

VALPROIC ACID

143
Q

Anesthetic with Highest MAC (lowest potency), SE: Euphoria, “Laughing Gas”

A

NITROUS OXIDE

144
Q

Anesthetic with not clearly described MOA, SE: Pulmonary irritant, CI: Asthma

A

DESFLURANE

145
Q

Anesthetic with not clearly described MOA, SE: Postoperative hepatitis, Malignant Hyperthermia

A

HALOTHANE

146
Q

DOC: Malignant Hyperthermia

A

DANTROLENE

147
Q

Anesthetic with Lowest MAC (highest potency), slowest induction and recovery

A

METHOXYFLURANE

148
Q

Anesthetic with dissociative anesthesia, NMDA receptor blocker, SE: Emergence delirium

A

KETAMINE

149
Q

Anesthesia for patients with limited cardiopulmonary reserve, SE: adrenal suppression

A

ETOMIDATE

150
Q

Anesthesia used for prolonged sedation, “Milk of Amnesia”, SE: Hypotension

A

PROPOFOL

151
Q

Differentiation of Local Anesthetics as Esters or Amides

A

ESTERS have only 1 I in name: TETRACAINE, PROCAINE, BENZOCAINE; AMIDES have 2 i’s in their name: BUPIVACAINE, ROPIVACAINE, LIDOCAINE

152
Q

Local Anesthetic with the Shortest and Longest Half- Life

A

PROCAINE: shortest half- life (1-2 min) - a PRO finishes the race FASTEST; ROPIVACAINE: longest half- life (4.2 hours) - at the end of a long ROPe

153
Q

Why don’t we inject LIDOCAINE in an abscess?

A

Won’t work due to ACIDIC environment (below pKa = protonated form predominates, so it can’t penetrate tissues)

154
Q

Toxic Dose of Lidocaine

A

TOXIC DOSE: 5 mg/kg for any drug or solution; 1% = 10 mg/mL

155
Q

Prototype Nondepolarizing Neuromuscular Blocker, SE: Orthostatic hypotension

A

TUBOCURARINE

156
Q

Skeletal muscle relaxant that undergoe Hoffman elimination, SE: bronchospasm, most frequently used NNMB

A

ATRACURIUM

157
Q

Skeletal muscle relaxant used in lethal injection, Strychnine poisoning

A

PANCURONIUM

158
Q

Skeletal muscle relaxant used as reversal agent for NNMB

A

NEOSTIGMINE

159
Q

Skeletal muscle relaxant used as DNMB, SE: malignant hyperthermia, affected pseudocholinesterase activity

A

SUCCINYLCHOLINE

160
Q

Depolarizing NeuroMuscular Blocker

A

kapag nakapagDEPOsit ka sa toilet, SUCCess yun: DEPOlaring NMB = SUCCinylcholine

161
Q

DOC: Parkinson’s Disease

A

LEVODOPA + CARBIDOPA

162
Q

Antiparkinsonian drug used for treatment of Hyperprolactinemia, SE: ERYTHROMELALGIA, PULMONARY FIBROSIS

A

BROMOCRIPTINE

163
Q

Antiparkinsonian drug used as adjunctive drug for Wearing- Off Phenomena

A

ENTACAPONE

164
Q

Antiparkinsonian drug with antiviral properties, SE: LIVEDO RETICULARIS, CEREBELLAR ATAXIA

A

AMANTADINE

165
Q

Antiparkinsonian drug that improves tremor and rigidity but has no effects of Bradykinesia, SE: ATROPINE- LIKE EFFECTS

A

BENZTROPINE

166
Q

Primary signs of Parkinson’s Disease

A

It’s a TRAP!: Tremor, Rigidity, Akinesia, Postural instability

167
Q

Drugs causing Livedo Reticularis

A

A MAN reads fHM and GQ: AMANtadine, Hydroxyurea, Minocycline, Gemcitabine (Pancreatic Ca), Quinidine

168
Q

Prototype typical antipsychotic, SE: corneal/ lens deposits, failure of ejaculation

A

CHLORPROMAZINE

169
Q

Antipsychotic drug used as treatment of floridly psychotic patients, SE: major EPS (neuroleptic malignant syndrome)

A

HALOPERIDOL

170
Q

Antipsychotic DOC: Suicidal and refractory schizophrenics, SE: agranulocytosis

A

CLOZAPINE

171
Q

2nd generation antipsychotic, SE: marked weight gain, hyperglycemia

A

OLANZAPINE

172
Q

2nd generation antipsychotic, SE: priapism, hypnagogic hallucinations

A

QUETIAPINE

173
Q

Antipsychotic drug used as treatment of schizophrenia in youth, SE: marked hyperprolactinemia

A

RISPERIDONE

174
Q

Antipsychotic drug used as treatment of Mania, SE: nephrogenic DI, teratogen (Ebstein’s anomaly)

A

LITHIUM

175
Q

Features of Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome

A

FEVER: Fever, Encephalopathy, Vitals unstable, Elevated CPK, Rigidity

176
Q

Tricylic Antidepressant used as treatment of Enuresis, SE: Atropine- like effects, cardiotoxicity

A

IMIPRAMINE

177
Q

Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor (SSRI), first line drug for Major Depressive Disorder, SE: Erectile dysfunction, serotonin syndrome

A

FLUOXETIN

178
Q

Serotonin Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitor (SNRI), SE: Hypertension

A

VENLAFAXINE

179
Q

Antidepressant acting as serotonin antagonist, SE: priapism

A

TRAZODONE

180
Q

Tetracyclin antidepressant drug used for Smoking cessation, SE: weight loss, priapism, seizures

A

BUPROPION

181
Q

Antidepressant drug acting as monoamine oxidase inhibitor, SE: hypertensive crisis when taken with Tyramine (in cheese), serotonin syndrome

A

PHENELZINE

182
Q

Features of Tricyclic Antidepressant Overdose

A

3 C’s: Coma, Convulsions, Cardiotoxicity

183
Q

Drugs that cause Erectile Dysfunction

A

a SORE Penis can’t Fuck Hard: SSRIs, Opiates, Risperidone, Ethanol, Propranolol, Estrogens, Spinorolactone, Finasteride, Hydrochlorothiazide

184
Q

Drugs causing Priapism

A

Tigas Penis Qu, AyaW Bumaba: Trazodone, Papaverine, Sildenafil, Quetiapine, Alprostadil, Warfarin, Bupropion

185
Q

Symptoms of Serotonin Syndrome

A

FAT CHD: Fever, Agitation, Tremor, Clonus, Hyperreflexia, Diaphoresis

186
Q

Onset within minutes, Precipitating drug: volatile anesthetics (Halothane), succinylcholine, massive Calcium release from SR, manifest as fever, acidosis, rhadbomyolysis, trismus, clonus, hypertension, first line treatment of Dantrolene, other treatment is Cooling

A

MALIGNANT HYPERTHERMIA

187
Q

Onset within hours, Precipitating Drugs: SSRIs, MAOIs, TCAs, Meperidine, MDMA, St. John’s Wort, Mx: Excess Serotonin, manifest as fever, agitation, tremor, clonus, hyperrefexia, diaphoresis, First Line: Sedation, Paralysis, intubation, and ventilation, SUPPORTIVE, Other Tx: Cooling, Cyproheptadine, Chlorpromazine

A

SEROTONIN SYNDROME

188
Q

Onset within 1-3 days, Precipitating Dx: Antipsychotics, Mx: Dopamine antagonism, Manifest as: Fever, Encephalopathy, Vitals unstable, Elevated CPK, Rigidity, First Line: Diphenhydramine, Other Tx: Cooling, Dantrolene, Bromocriptine, Amantadine, Diazepam

A

NEUROLEPTIC MALIGNANT SYNDROME

189
Q

Protorype opioid (full agonist), SE: Miosis, respiratory depression, constipation

A

MORPHINE

190
Q

Opioid for severe pain, Breathrough cancer pain, available in lollipop form or transdermal patch

A

FENTANYL

191
Q

Opioid of Choice for Acutre Pancreatitis, does NOT cause miosis, SE: Seizures, Metabollite: Normeperidine (causes seizure)

A

MEPERIDINE

192
Q

Replacement therapy for opioid dependence

A

METHADONE

193
Q

Opioid used for Cough suppression

A

DEXTROMETHORPHAN

194
Q

Opioid used for balanced anesthesia, frequently abused by health care professionals

A

NALBUPHINE

195
Q

Antidote to Opioid overdose

A

NALOXONE

196
Q

Treatment for Opioid dependence

A

NATREXONE

197
Q

Opioid with shortest and longest half- life

A

REMIFENTANIL: shortest half- life (3-4 mins); BUPRENORPHINE: longest half- life (4-8 hours)

198
Q

Triad of Opioid Overdose

A

PCR: Pupillary constriction, Comatose state, Respiratory depression

199
Q

Receptors for Drugs

A

μ (MU) receptor = Mabagal hUminga, δ (delTa) receptor = Tolerance, κ (Kappa) receptor = Konstipation

200
Q

Cause euphoria, sleeplessness, self- confidence

A

AMPHETAMINE

201
Q

Drugs that cause sexual enhancement, hyponatremia

A

MDMA (ECSTASY)

202
Q

Drugs that cause mydriasis, crack lung, teratogen (cystic cortical lesions)

A

COCAINE

203
Q

Most dangerous hallucinogen, psychomimetic effects, nystagmus

A

PHENCYCLIDINE

204
Q

Psychedlic effects (out of body experience), mind raveling effects, bad trips)

A

LSD

205
Q

Dream- like state, red conjunctiva, tachycardia, dry mouth

A

MARIJUANA

206
Q

HmG- CoA reductase inhibitor, lowers LDL, SE: hepatotoxicity, rhadbomyolysis, myopathy

A

SIMVASTATIN

207
Q

Bile acid binding resin, lowers LDL, SE: constipation, steatorrhea

A

CHOLESTYRAMINE

208
Q

Reduces all building blocks for hyperlipidemia, increases HDL, lowers LDL and TG, SE: flushing, hyperglycemia, hyperuricemia

A

NIACIN

209
Q

Treatment of genetic short stature, failure to thrive

A

SOMATROPIN

210
Q

Treatment of acromegaly, variceal bleeding

A

OCTREOTIDE

211
Q

Treatment of hyperprolactinemia, Prolactinoma

A

BROMOCRIPTINE

212
Q

Labor induction/ augmentation, Control of post- partum hemorrhage, SE: FLUID RETENTION

A

OXYTOCIN

213
Q

Treatment of Central Diabetes Insipidus

A

DESMOPRESSIN

214
Q

Treatment of hypothyroidism, myxedema coma

A

LEVOTHYROXINE

215
Q

Inhibits thyroid peroxidase, blocks peripheral conversion of T4 to T3, SE: AGRANULOCYTOSIS, DOC: pregnant hyperthyroid patients

A

PTU

216
Q

Inhibits thyroid peroxidase, SE: AGRANULOCYTOSIS, TERATOGEN (APLASIA CUTIS)

A

METHEMAZOLE

217
Q

Preferred treatment for hyperthyroidism, SE: PERMANENT HYPOTHYROIDISM

A

RADIOACTIVE IODINE

218
Q

Reduces size and vascularity of thyroid gland

A

LUGOL’S SOLUTION

219
Q

Symptomatic treatment of hyperthyroidism, decreases peripheral conversion of T4 to T3

A

PROPRANOLOL

220
Q

Differentiate Wolf- Chaikoff Effect from Jod- Basedow Phenomenon

A

WOLF- CHAIKOFF EFFECT: ingestion of iodine causes hypothyroidism; JOD- BASEDOW PHENOMENON: ingestion of iodine causes hyperthyroidism

221
Q

Antithyroid drug that inhibit peripheral conversion of T4 to T3

A

PTU, PROPRANOLOL, HYDROCORTISONE

222
Q

Drugs that cause Drug- Induced Hyperthyroidism

A

CLOFIBRATE, AMIODARONE, METHADONE

223
Q

Acute adrenal insufficiency, status asthmaticus, thyroid storm

A

HYDROCORTISONE

224
Q

Prototype oral glucocorticoid, SE: ADRENAL SUPPRESSION, CUSHING SYNDROME

A

PREDNISONE

225
Q

Hastens fetal lung maturation

A

BETAMETHASONE

226
Q

Mineralocorticoid replacement for Chronic Adrenal Insufficiency (Addison Disease)

A

FLUDROCORTISONE

227
Q

2 steroids given in Hypoadrenalism

A

PREDNISONE, FLUDROCORTISONE

228
Q

Most frequently used synthetic estrogen in OCPs, SE: hypertension, DVT/ PE, endometrial cancer, CI: women (age >35) who are heavy smokers

A

ETHINYL ESTRADIOL

229
Q

SE: Clear cell vaginal adenocarcinoma in Daughter

A

DIETHYLSTILBESTROL

230
Q

Prevents estrogen- induced endometrial cancer

A

NORGESTREL

231
Q

OCP of choice in lactating women

A

DMPA (injection only)

232
Q

Emergency contraception, Yuzpe regimen

A

LEVONOGESTREL

233
Q

Hormone- responsive breast carcinoma, SE: ENDOMETRIAL CANCER

A

TAMOXIFEN

234
Q

Ovulation induction, SE: MULTIPLE PREGNANCIES

A

CLOMIPHENE

235
Q

Treatment of endometriosis

A

DANAZOL

236
Q

Used in medical abortion

A

MISOPROSTOL

237
Q

Treatment of male hypogonadism, SE: VIRILIZATION, PARADOXICAL FEMINIZATION

A

TESTOSTERONE

238
Q

Anabolic steroids, illegal performance enhancers

A

OXANDROLONE

239
Q

Treatment of prostate cancer, coadministered to prevent acute flare-ups of tumor

A

FLUTAMIDE + LEUPROLIDE

240
Q

5- α- reductase inhibitor, treatment of BPH and male pattern baldness

A

FENASTERIDE

241
Q

Most efficaceous antidiabetic drug, activates tyrosine kinase, SE: Hypoglycemia, Lipodystrophy

A

INSULIN

242
Q

1st generation SU, SE: hypoglycemia, weight gain, Disulfiram reaction

A

CHLORPROPAMIDE

243
Q

2nd generation SU, SE: hypoglycemia, weight gain, Disulfiram reaction

A

GLIPIZIDE

244
Q

Newer insulin secretagogue, NO hypoglycemia

A

REPAGLINIDE

245
Q

First line antidiabetic drug, decreases gluconeogenesis, SE: lactic acidosis, weight loss, GI upset, DOC: obese patients,

A

METFORMIN

246
Q

TZD, acts on PPAR-γ, insulin sensitizer, SE: CHF

A

PIOGLITAZONE

247
Q

α-glucosidase inhibitor, SE: flatulence

A

ACARBOSE

248
Q

Insulin and their action

A

LISpro = mabiLIS, gLARGine = GO LARGe, LANTus = LANTa na sa sobrang tagal

249
Q

Paradoxical improvement of diabetes in patients with ESRD

A

INSULIN HAS PROLONGED HALF LIFE due to DECREASED CLEARANCE

250
Q

Patients more prone to developing Hypoglycemia with Insulin use

A

Advanced renal disease, elderly, children younger than 7 years old

251
Q

Inactivate vitamin D, treatment of rickets and osteomalacia

A

ERGOCALCIFEROL

252
Q

Activate vitamin D, treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism

A

CALCITRIOL

253
Q

Treatment of Paget’s Disease of bone, hypercalcemia, Tumor marker for medullary thyroid cancer

A

CALCITONIN

254
Q

Suppresses osteoclast activity, treatment of Paget’s disease of bone and osteoporosis, SE: ESOPHAGITIS

A

ALENDRONATE

255
Q

Phosphate binding resin

A

SEVELAMER

256
Q

Signs of excess pTH

A

Painful bones, renal stones, abdominal groans, psychiatric overtones

257
Q

Function of Calcitonin

A

calciTONin = TONes down Calcium (dec serum calcium, decreases bone resorption

258
Q

Neutralizes stomach acids, SE: DIARRHEA= CONSTIPATION (CANCELS EACH OTHER)

A

MAALOX

259
Q

Greatly suppresses nocturnal acid secretion, H2 blocker, SE: GYNECOMASTIA

A

CIMETIDINE

260
Q

Irreversible blockade of H+/K+ ATPase, DOC: PUD and Zollinger- Ellison Syndrome

A

OMEPRAZOLE

261
Q

Prokinetic agent, antiemetic, DOC: Diabetic Gastroparesis

A

METOCLOPRAMIDE

262
Q

Osmotic laxative, treatment of hepatic encephalopathy

A

LACTULOSE

263
Q

Stimulant laxative, SE: MELANOSIS COLI

A

SENNA

264
Q

Opioid antispasmodic, DOC: noninfectious diarrhea, SE: PARALYTIC ILEUS (IN CHILDREN)

A

LOPERAMIDE

265
Q

Treatment of lymphomas, SE: HEMORRHAGIC CYSTITIS, Ant: MESNA, Metabollite: Acrolane

A

CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE

266
Q

Alkylating agent with SE: MARKED VESICANT ACTIONS (SKIN BLISTERING)

A

MECHLORETHAMINE

267
Q

Treatment of Colon cancer, SE: OTOTOXICITY, NEPHROTOXICITY, Ant: AMIFOSTINE

A

CISPLATIN

268
Q

Alkylating agent with SE: DISULFIRAM REACTION, LEUKEMOGENESIS

A

PROCARBAZINE

269
Q

Testicular and Ovarian Tumors, SE: PULMONARY FIBROSIS, BONE- MARROW SPARING

A

BLEOMYCIN

270
Q

Treatment of brain tumors, SE: CNS toxicity

A

CARMUSTINE

271
Q

Drugs that cause Pulmonary Fibrosis

A

BRO! ME BLEssing sa AMIn, siguradong BUSUg na naman tayo NITRO!: BROmocriptine, Methotrexate, BLEomycin, AMIodarone, BUSUlfan, NITROfurantoin

272
Q

Treatment of lymphomas and GTN, SE: MYELOSUPPRESSION, PULMONARY FIBROSIS, Ant: LEUCOVORIN (FOLINIC ACID)

A

METHOTREXATE

273
Q

Treatment of Acute Leukemias, SE: MYELOSUPPRESSION, HEPATOTOXICITY, METABOLISM INHIBITED BY ALLOPURINOL

A

6- MERCAPTOPURINE

274
Q

Treatment of colorectal and skin cancer, causes THYMINE-LESS death of cells, SE: MYELOSUPPRESSION

A

5- FLUOROURACIL

275
Q

Treatment of CML in blast crisis, most specific for the S phase of the cell cycle

A

CYTARABINE

276
Q

Inhibits ribonucleotide reductase, treatment of pancreatic cancer

A

GEMCITABINE

277
Q

Vinca alkaloid, prevents microtubule assembly, SE: peripheral neuropathy

A

VINCRISTINE

278
Q

Podophyllotoxin, inhibits DNA topoisomerase II, treatment of lung cancer, Non- hodgkin’s lymphoma and GTN

A

ETOPOSIDE

279
Q

Camptothecin, inhibits DNA topoisomerase I, treatment of small cell lung cancer

A

TOPOTECAN

280
Q

Taxane, prevents microtubule disassembly, advanced breast and ovarian cancers

A

PALITAXEL

281
Q

Intercalating agents, SE: dilated cardiomyopathy, Ant: Dexrazoxane

A

DOXORUBICIN

282
Q

Treatment of testicular cancer, with bone marrow sparing, SE: pulmonary fibrosis, most specific for the G2 phase of the cell cycle

A

BLEOMYCIN

283
Q

Treatment of melanoma, Wilms tumor and GTN

A

ACTINOMYCIN D

284
Q

Tyrosine kinase inhibitorm, treatment of CML, SE: FLUID RETENTION, MULTIPLE DRUG INTERACTIONS

A

IMATINIB

285
Q

Treatment of metastatic breast cancer, active against cells expressing HER-2/ neu

A

TRASTUZUMAB

286
Q

Inhibits VEGF, treatment of Metastatic cancers

A

BEVACIZUMAB

287
Q

Differentiation therapy, treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia, only vitamin that can cure cancer

A

ALL TRANS RETINOIC ACID

288
Q

Acute arsenic poisoning, acute mercury poisoning, chronic severe lead poisoning, SE: hypertension

A

DIMERCAPROL

289
Q

Pica, ingestion of flakes of paint, abdominal colic, acute encephalopathy, wrist drop, mental retardation

A

LEAD

290
Q

Chronic Lead poisoning (oral treatment)

A

SUCCIMER

291
Q

Chronic Severe Lead poisoning, SE: hypocalcemia

A

EDTA

292
Q

Rice water stools, garlicky breath, Mee’s lines, raindrop pigmentation, milk and roses complexion

A

ARSENIC POISONING

293
Q

Hemorrhagic gastroenteritis, renal failure, loosening of gums and teeth, erethism

A

INORGANIC MERCURY POISONING

294
Q

Minamata disease (cerebral palsy, deafness, blindness, mental retardation)

A

ORGANIC MERCURY POISONING

295
Q

Severe GI necrosis, hemosiderosis, restrictive cardiomyopathy

A

IRON

296
Q

Acute iron poisoning, hemochromatosis

A

DEFEROXAMINE

297
Q

Hepatotoxicity, Kayser- Fleischer rings, sunflower cataracts

A

COPPER

298
Q

Copper poisoning, Wilson’s disease, SE: drug- induced lupus

A

PENICILLAMINE

Pharmacology (2 decks)

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