Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pharma > pharma osce > Flashcards

pharma osce Flashcards

1
Q

Teratogenic

may cause fetal hypertension and renal hypoperfusion with subsequent ischemia and anuria

A

ARB & ACE Inhibitor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Best drug for pregnant mothers with hypertension

A

methyldopa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Teratogenic

Embryopathy that involves the CNS, face, heart and thymus.

A

Vitamin A)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

DOC for cap (child)

A

Ceftriaxone
Cefuroxime
Cefotaxime

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

DOC for cap (adult)

A

OPD
macrolide
Amoxicillin
Tetracycline

IPD
Macrolide +
Cefotaxime
Ceftriaxone 
ertapenem
Ampicillin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

CAP LOW RISK WITHOUT co-morbid illness

5-7 days

A 
Amoxicillin 1 gm TID
 OR 
extended macrolide:Azithromycin 500 mg OD 
OR 
Clarithromycin 500 mg BID
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

CAP LOW RISK WITH STABLE co-morbid illness

A 
Co-amoxiclav 1 gm BID OR 
Sultamicillin 750 mg BID OR 
Cefuroxime axetil 500 mg BID
[+/-] 
Azithromycin 500mg OD 
OR 
Clarithromycin 500 mg BID
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

CAP MODERATE RISK

7 to 10 days

10 to 14 days Mycoplasma and Chlamydophila pneumonia

14 to 21 days Legionella pneumonia

28 days Gram-negative, S. aureus or P. aeruginosa pneumonia, bacteremia

A 
Ampicillin-Sulbactam 1.5gm q6h IV 
OR 
Cefuroxime 1.5 gm q8h IV 
OR Ceftriaxone 2 gm OD
[+] 
Azithromycin 500 mg OD PO 
OR 
Clarithromycin 500 mg BID PO OR Levofloxacin 500 mg OD PO OR Moxifloxacin 400 mg OD PO
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

CAP HIGH RISK
NO risk for P. aeruginosa

28 days Gram-negative, S. aureus or P. aeruginosa pneumonia, bacteremia

A 
Ceftriaxone 2 gm OD 
OR 
Ertapenem 1 gm OD
[+] 
Azithromycin dihydrate 500 mg OD IV 
OR 
Levofloxacin 500 mg OD IV 
OR 
Moxifloxacin 400 mg OD IV
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

CAP HIGH RISK

Risk for P. aeruginosa

A 
Piperacillin-tazobactam 4.5 gm q6h 
OR 
Cefepime 2 gm q8-12h OR Meropenem 1 gm q8h
[+] 
Azithromycin dihydrate 500 mg OD IV
[+] 
Gentamicin 3 mg/kg OD 
OR 
Amikacin 15 mg/kg OD
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Discontinuation
Response
Resolution of fever

A

48-72h
24-72h
24h

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

empiric trt for UTI

A

Ceftriaxone 75mg/kf OD (3rd gen)

Cefotaxime 150mg/kg q6-8h (3rd gen)

Ceftazidime 100-150mg/kg q8h (3rd gen)

Gentamicin and Tobramycin 7.5mg/kg q8h (Aminoglycoside)

Piperacillin 300mg/kg q6-8h (Penicillin)

PO
Amoxicillin-clavulanate
Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole
Cefixime

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Acute uncomplicated UTI

neonates
children
adult

A

neonate (10-14d)

  • cefotaxime (50mg/kg q12h)
  • amikacin (7.5mg/kg q12h)

children (7-14d)
- Amoxicillin-clavulanate:
(20-40mg/kg/d q8h)
- Cefuroxime ( 20-30mg/kg/d PO q12h)

adults (7-14d)

  • Cefuroxime (250-500mg PO q12h)
  • Nitrofurantoin (only for cystitis) 5-7mg/kg/d q6h

IV

Ampicillin-Sulbactam 100-200 mg/kg/d q6h (ampicillin component) IM or IV infusion over 10-15 min
OR
Cefuroxime 75-150mg/kg/d q8h (Max dose: 6g/d)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

UTI, RECURRENT CATHETER RELATED

OR WITH CO-MORBID

A

neonate (7-14d)

  • ceftriaxone (50mg/kg q24h)
  • amikacin (7.5mg/kg q12h)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Htn first line agents

A

thiazide
ace inhibitors
ARB
CCB

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Htn second line agents

A 
loop diuretics
K+ sparing diuretics
aldosterone agonist diuretics
beta blocker
alpha-1 blocker
central alpha-2 agonist
direct renin inhibitor
direct vasodilator
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Htn agents for DM (+ target BP)

A

<130/80

all first line agents

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Htn agents for SHID (+ target BP)

A 
<130/80
GDMT BB
ACE inh
ARB
\+
dCCB
thiazide
aldosterone agonist diuretics
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Htn agents for HFpEF (+ target BP)

A 
<130/80
diuretics
Ace inh
ARBs
BB
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Htn agents for pregnancy (+ target BP)

A

methyldopa
nifedipine
labetalol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

standard regimen for TB

A 
2 months
Rifampicin 150mg
Isoniazid 75mg
Pyrazinamide 400mg
Ethambutol 275mg

4 months
Rifampicin 150mg
Isoniazid 75mg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Recommendation for clinical ASCVD

A

reduce LDL-C with
high-intensity statin therapy or maximally
tolerated statin therapy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Recommendation for very high-risk ASCVD
(history of multiple major ASCVD
events or 1 major ASCVD event and multiple
high-risk conditions)

A

use a LDL-C threshold
of 70 mg/dL (1.8 mmol/L) to consider addition of
nonstatins to statin therapy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Recommendation for severe primary
hypercholesterolemia (LDL-C level ≥190 mg/dL
[≥4.9 mmol/L]), without calculating 10-year
ASCVD risk

A

begin high-intensity statin therapy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Recommendation for 40 to 75 years of age with diabetes
mellitus and LDL-C ≥70 mg/dL, without
calculating 10-year ASCVD risk

A

start moderate-intensity statin therapy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Recommendation for 40 to 75 years of age evaluated for primary ASCVD prevention

A

have a clinician–
patient risk discussion before starting statin
therapy.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Recommendation for 40 to 75 years of age without diabetes
mellitus and with LDL-C levels ≥70 mg/ dL (≥1.8
mmol/L), at a 10-year ASCVD risk of ≥7.5%

A

start a moderate-intensity statin if a discussion

of treatment options favors statin therapy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Recommendation for 40 to 75 years of age without diabetes
mellitus and 10-year risk of 7.5% to 19.9%
(intermediate risk)

A

risk-enhancing factors favor

initiation of statin therapy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Recommendation for 40 to 75 years of age without diabetes
mellitus and with LDL-C levels ≥70 mg/dL to
189 mg/dL (≥1.8-4.9 mmol/L), at a 10-year
ASCVD risk of ≥7.5% to 19.9%

A

if a decision
about statin therapy is uncertain, consider
measuring CAC

30
Q

Recommendation for assessing adherence and percentage response to
LDL-C–lowering medications and lifestyle
changes

A

repeat lipid measurement 4 to 12
weeks after statin initiation or dose adjustment,
repeated every 3 to 12 months as needed

31
Q

Recommendation for LOW GI risk w/ LOW CV risk

A

NSAID alone (the least ulcerogenic NSAID at the lowest effective dose)

32
Q

Recommendation for LOW GI risk w/ HIGH CV risk

A

Naproxen + PPI/misoprostol

33
Q

Recommendation for MODERATE GI risk w/ LOW CV risk

A

NSAID + PPI/misoprostol

34
Q

Recommendation for MODERATE GI risk w/ HIGH CV risk

A

Naproxen + PPI/misoprostol

35
Q

Recommendation LOW CV risk

A

Alternative therapy if possible or COX-2 Inhibitor + PPI/misoprostol

36
Q

Recommendation for HIGH GI risk w/ HIGH CV risk

A

AVOID NSAIDs or COX-2 inhibitors. Use alternative therapy

37
Q

First line trt for H. pylori where H. pylori clarithromycin resistance is
known to be <15% and in patients with no previous
history of macrolide exposure

A

Clarithromycin triple (PPI, clarithromycin, and amoxicillin or metronidazole for 14 days)

38
Q

Recommended salvage trt options for H. pylori

A

• Bismuth quadruple (PPI,
bismuth, tetracycline, and a nitroimidazole for 10–14)

• Levofloxacin triple (PPI, levofloxacin, and amoxicillin for 10–14 days)

39
Q

% wt loss recommended for (a) pre-diabetic and (b) overweight and obesity with type 2 diabetes?

A

Prediabetic - 7%

Type 2DM - 5%

40
Q

how many times is the recommended assessment of glycemic status in patients (a) who are meeting treatment goals and (b) whose therapy has recently changed and/or who are not meeting glycemic goals

A

meeting treatment goals - 2x a year

not meeting glycemic goals - >4x a year

41
Q

Preferred initial pharmacologic agent for the treatment of type 2 diabetes

A

metformin

42
Q

Recommended drugs for patients with type 2 diabetes who have
established atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease or
indicators of high risk, established kidney disease, or
heart failure

A

Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor (SGLT2I )

Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist (GLP1A)

43
Q

Recommendation for oral NSAIDs

A

Knee, hand, hip OA - strongly recommended

44
Q

(OA) Recommendation for Topical capsaicin is

A

Knee OA - conditionally recommended for

Hand OA - conditionally recommended against in patients with hand OA

45
Q

(OA) Recommendation for Topical capsaicin is

A

Knee OA - conditionally recommended for

Hand OA - conditionally recommended against

46
Q

(OA) Recommendation for Intraarticular glucocorticoid injections

A

Knee & hip OA - strongly recommended

Hand OA - conditionally recommended

47
Q

(OA) Recommendation for Ultrasound guidance for intraarticular glucocorticoid
injection

A

Strongly recommended for injection into hip

joints

48
Q

(OA) Recommendation for Intraarticular glucocorticoid injections versus other
injections

A

Knee, hip & hand OA - conditionally recommended for patients

49
Q

(OA) Recommendation for Acetaminophen

A

Knee, hip & hand OA - conditionally recommended for patients

50
Q

(OA) Recommendation for Duloxetine

A

Knee, hip & hand OA - conditionally recommended

51
Q

(OA) Recommendation for Tramadol

A

Knee, hip & hand OA - conditionally recommended

52
Q

(OA) Recommendation for Non-tramadol opioids

A

Knee, hip & hand OA - conditionally recommended against

53
Q

(OA) Recommendation for Colchicine

A

Knee, hip & hand OA - conditionally recommended against

54
Q

(OA) Recommendation for Fish oil

A

Knee, hip & hand OA - conditionally recommended against

55
Q

(OA) Recommendation for Vitamin D

A

Knee, hip & hand OA - conditionally recommended against

56
Q

(OA) Recommendation for Bisphosphonates

A

Knee, hip & hand OA - strongly recommended against

57
Q

(OA) Recommendation for Glucosamine

A

Knee, hip & hand OA - strongly recommended against

58
Q

(OA) Recommendation for Chondroitin sulfate

A

Knee & hip OA - strongly recommended against

Hand OA - conditionally recommended

59
Q

(OA) Recommendation for Hydroxychloroquine

A

Knee, hip & hand OA - strongly recommended against

60
Q

(OA) Recommendation for Methotrexate

A

Knee, hip & hand OA - strongly recommended against

61
Q

(OA) Recommendation for Intraarticular hyaluronic acid injections

A

Knee and/or first
CMC joint OA - conditionally
recommended against
Hip OA - strongly recommended against

62
Q

(OA) Recommendation for Intraarticular botulinum toxin injections

A

Knee, hip & hand OA - conditionally recommended against

63
Q

(OA) Recommendation for Prolotherapy

A

Knee & hip OA - conditionally recommended against

64
Q

(OA) Recommendation for Platelet-rich plasma treatment

A

Knee, hip & hand OA - strongly recommended against

65
Q

(OA) Recommendation for Stem cell injections

A

Knee & hip OA - strongly recommended against

66
Q

(OA) Recommendation for Tumor necrosis factor inhibitors and interleukin-1 receptor antagonists

A

Knee, hip & hand OA - strongly recommended against

67
Q

Strong recommendation for nonpharma knee OA

A 
exercise
wt loss
self-efficacy and self-mgmt program
tai chi
cane
tibiofibular knee braces
68
Q

Strong recommendation for nonpharma hip OA

A 
exercise
wt loss
self-efficacy and self-mgmt program
tai chi
cane
69
Q

Strong recommendation for nonpharma hand joint OA

A

exercise
self-efficacy and self-mgmt program
hand orthosis

70
Q

Strong recommendation against for nonpharma knee and hip joint OA

A

TENS

71
Q

Conditional recommendation against nonpharma hand, knee & hip joint OA

A

modified shoes
lateral & medial wedged insoles
massage therapy
pulse vibration therapy

72
Q

Conditional recommendation for nonpharma hand, knee & hip joint OA

A 
balance training
yoga
CBT
patellofemoral braces
kinesiotaping
acupuncture
thermal interventions
paraffin
radiofrequency ablation

Pharma (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions