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PLE 2017 > Pharma Katzung > Flashcards

Pharma Katzung Flashcards

1
Q

Monoclonal ab that inhibits binding of plt glycoprotein IIb/IIIa to fibrinogen; prevent clotting after coronary angioplasty and in ACS

A

Abiciximab (also Eptifibatide and Tirofiban)

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2
Q

Antipyretic analgesic with no anti inflamm effect. With less GI distress than aspirin but dangerous in overdose (Hepatic necrosis)

A

Acetaminophen

Antidote for toxicity: acetylcysteine

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3
Q

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor diuretic acting in the PCT. produces a NaHCO3 diuresis resulting in bicarb depletion and metabolic acidosis. Self limited diuretic but persistent bicarb depleting actions. Used in glaucoma and mountain sickness

A

Acetazolamide

Toxicity: paresthesia, hepatic enceph

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4
Q

Antiviral requiring activation by thymidine kinase. Inhibits dna synthesis in HSV and VZV. Toxicity: behavioral effects and nephrotoxicity (crystalluria), minimal myelosuppression

A

Acyclovir

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5
Q

Miscellaneous anti arrhythmic used parenterally. Hyperpolarizes AV node, blocks conduction for 10-15 s. Used for nodal re entry arrhythmias

A

Adenosine

Toxicity: hypotension, flushing, chest pain

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6
Q

Rapid acting beta 2 agonist, impt in acute asthma.

Toxicity: tachycardia, arrhythmia, tremor

A

Albuterol

Others with similar action: metaproterenol, terbutaline

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7
Q

Bisphosphonate; chronic tx with low doses increases bone mineral density and reduces fractures. Higher dose lowers serum calsium. Used in osteoporosis and hypercalcemia in pagets and malignancies

A

Alendronate

Toxicity: esophageal irritation at low doses; renal dysfunction and osteonecrosis of the jaw in high doses

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8
Q

Irreversible inhibitor of xanthine oxidase, reduce prodn of uric acid. Used in gout and as adjunct in chemotherapy.
Inhibits metabolism of purine analogs (mercaptopurine, azathiopurine)

A

Allopurinol

  • febuxostat is similar
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9
Q

Human recombinant tissue plasminogen activator used to recanalize occluded bld vessels in acute M.I, severe pulmo embolism, and stroke.

A

Alteplase (t-PA)

  • streptokinase is a bacterial protein with thrombolytic properties
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10
Q

Potassium sparing diuretic that blocks epithelial Na+ channels in cortical collecting tubule

A

Amiloride

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11
Q

Broad spectrum anti arrhythmic that blocks sodium, potassium, calcium channels, and beta receptors. High efficacy and very long half life. Toxicity: deposits in tissues, skin discoloration, thyroid dysfcn, pulmo fibrosis, optic neuritis

A

Amiodarone

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12
Q

Indirect acting sympathomimetic, displaces stored catecholamines jn nerve endings. Marked CNS stimulation, high abuse liability. Used in ADHD, short term wt loss and narcolepsy

A

Amphetamine

Tox: psychosis, htn, mi, seizures

Other indir acting: ephedrine, methylphenidate, tyramine

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13
Q

Commonly drug of choice for systemic mycoses. Binds to ergosterol to disrupt fungal cell memb permeability.
Toxicity: chills, fever, hypotension, nephrotoxicity (dose limiting)

A

Amphotericin B

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14
Q

Activity similar to Pen G plus E. Coli, H. Influenzae, P. Mirabilis, Shigella. Synergy eith aminoglycosides vs enterococcus and listeria. More adverse effects in GIT than other penicillins; maculopapular rash

A

Ampicillin

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15
Q

Aromatase inhibitor (enzyme converts testosterone to estradiol). Used in estrogen dep breast Ca

A

Anastrozole

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16
Q

Beta 1 selective blocker: low lipid solubility, less CNS effect. Used for HTN, angina.
Toxicity: asthma, bradycardia, av block, heart failure

A

Atenolol

*generic names of beta 1 sel A through M except Carteolol, Carvedilol, and Labetalol

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17
Q

Muscarinic cholinoceptor blocker prototype, lipid soluble, with CNS effects. Antidote for cholinesterase poisoning.
Toxicity: red as a beet, dry as a bone, blind as a bat, mad as a hatter, urinary retention, mydriasis

A

Atropine

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18
Q

Antimuscarinics for ophthalmology that cause cycloplegia and mydriasis

A

Cyclopentolate, Tropicamide

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19
Q

Antimuscarinic eith decreased CNS effects

A

Glycopyrrolate

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20
Q

Macrolide similar to erythromycin but greater activity against H. Influenzae, chlamydia, and strep.
Tox: GI distress, no inhibition of drug metabolism

A

Azithromycin

  • clarithromycin: similar with shorter half life and inh drug metab
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21
Q

GABA analog orally active. Actuvates GABA B receptors in spinal cord; spasmolytic

A

Baclofen

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22
Q

Centrally acting antimuscarinic prototype for parkinsonism

A

Benztropine

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23
Q

Prototype dopamine agonist in CNS, inhibits prolactin release. Used in hyperprolactinemia and rarely as alternative in parkinsonism

Tox: various cns disturbances, dyskinesia, hypotension

A

Bromocriptine

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24
Q

Long acting amide local anesthetic prototype. Greater cardiovascular toxicity than most local anesth

A

Bupivacaine

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25
Q

Long acting partial agonist of mu receptor, effective for detoxification and maintenance in opioid dependence

A

Buprenorphine

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26
Q

Antidepressant and used in smoking cessation. No direct action on CNS amines.

Tox: agitation, anxiety, aggravation of psychosis, and seizures at high doses

A

Bupropion

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27
Q

Decreases serum calcium and phosphate by decreasing bone resorption. Nasal spray and subcutaneous injection

SE: rhinitis

A

Calcitonin

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28
Q

ACE-I prototype; used in HTN, DM nephropathy, and heart failure

A

Captopril

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29
Q

Drug of choice for trigeminal neuralgia and a back up drug in bipolar. Also used for tonic clonic and partial seizures. Blocks sodium channels in neuron membranes.

A

Carbamazepine

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30
Q

Adrenoceptor blocker, non selective beta blocker and alpha 1 blocker. Used in HTN, and prolongs survival in HF

A

Carvedilol

Tox: CV depression, asthma

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31
Q

Inhibits beta 1-3 glucan synthesis. Used for disseminated Candida and Aspergillus inf

Tox: Gi, flushing, increases cyclosporine levels

A

Caspofungin

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32
Q

Broad spectrum, 50s inhibitor. Restricted to back up for bact meningitis, inf due to anaerobes, salmonella

Tox: reversible myelosuppression, aplastic anemia, gray baby syndrome

A

Chloramphenicol

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33
Q

Blood schizonticide used for tx and prophy in susceptible p falciparum. Binds to heme.

Tox: gi distress and rash at low doses, peripheral neuropathy, auditory and visual impairment, quinidine like cardiotoxicity at high doses

A

Chloroquine

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34
Q

Antihistamine first gen H1 blocker prototype. Less sedation and ANS blocking action than diphenhydramine

A

Chlorpheniramine

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35
Q

Phenothiazone antipsychotic prototype, blocks most dopamine receptors in CNS.
Tox: atropine like, EPS, hyperprolactinemia, postural hypotension, sedation, seizures, additive with other depressants

A

Chlorpromazine

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36
Q

Bile acid binding resin prototype that sequesters bile acids in gut and diverts more cholesterol from the liver to bile acids. Used in hypercholesterolemia

Tx: bloating, constipation, interferes with absorption of some drugs

A

Cholestyramine

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37
Q

H2 blocker prototype used in acid peotic disease.

Tox: inhibits hepatic drug metab, anti androgen effects

A

Cimetidine

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38
Q

Tx for hyperparathyroidism. Activates calcium sensing receptor

Tox : nausea, hypocalcemia, adynamic bone

A

Cinacalcet

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39
Q

2nd gen fluoroquinolone. E. Coli, h. Influenzae, campylobacter, enterobacter, pseudomonas, shigella

Tox: CNS dysfunction, GI distress, superinfection, collagen dysfunction
Inhibits metab of caffeine, theophylline, warfarin

A

Ciprofloxacin

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40
Q

Platinum containing alkylating anti cancer drug used for solid tumors

Tox: neurotoxic, nephrotoxic

A

Cisplatin

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41
Q

Lincosamide. Bacteriostatic inh of 50s. Active against gr + cocci, Bacteroides fragilis

Tox: GI distress, pseudomembranous colitis

A

Clindamycin

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42
Q

Selective estrogen receptor modulator used in infertility to induce ovulation by blocking pituitary estrogen receptirs

A

Clomiphene

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43
Q

Alpha 2 agonist acting centrally to reduce SANS outflow. Used in HTN and in drug dependency

Tox: mild sedation in normal doses, rebound HTN

A

Clonidine

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44
Q

Prodrug, active metabolite irrev inhibits plt ADP receptors and plt aggregation. Used in TIA, prevent strokes and restenosis after coronary stent placement

Tox: bleeding, neutropenia

A

Clopidogrel

*ticlopidine: similar, but higher risk of neutropenia and TTP

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45
Q

Microtubule assembly inhibitor. Reduces macrophage mobility and phagocytosis. Used in chronic gout

Tox: GI (often severe), hepatic, renal damage

A

Colchicine

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46
Q

Immunosuppresant: immunophilin ligand; inhibits T cell synthesis of cytokines

Tox: neohrotoxicity, htn, peripheral neuropathy, seizures

A

Cyclosporine

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47
Q

Oral direct thrombin inhibitor. No monitoring but can be msred with aPTT. Fixed dosing

A

Dabigatran

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48
Q

Muscle relaxant, blocks calcium release from SR of skeletal ms. Used in ms spasm (cerebral palsy, multiple sclerosis, cord injury) and in emergency tx of malignant hyperthermia

A

Dantrolene

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49
Q

RANK ligand inhibitor used for osteoporosis. Prevents stimulation of osteoclast differentiation and function. Given SC every 6 mos.

SE: increased risk of infection

A

Denosumab

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50
Q

Vasopressin analog, more selective for V2. Used for pituitary diabetes inspidus and mild hemophilia A and von willebrand disease

A

Desmopressin

*Vasopressin- agonist for V1-2, D.I and bleeding esophageal varices

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51
Q

Binds to Bz in GABA A receptor chloride ch and increases frequency of opening
Uses: anxiety states, ethanol detox, muscle spasticity, status epilepticus

A

Diazepam

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52
Q

Cardiac glycoside prototype, inhibits sodium K ATpase. Positive inotropic drug for HF.

Tox: calcium overload arrhythmias, GI upset

A

Digoxin

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53
Q

NT and agonist at dopamine receptors. Low dose in shock to inc renal blood flow, moderate dose to inc cardiac output

A

Dopamine

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54
Q

Anthracycline, intercalates between base pairs, inhibits topoisomerases, and forms cytotoxic free radicals

Tox: cardiomyopathy, myelosuppression

A

Doxorubicin

  • antidote for cardiomyopathy: Dexrazoxane
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55
Q

More effective than other tetracyclines against chlamydia amd in lyme disease, malaria prophylaxis. Elim mainly in feces

A

Doxycycline

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56
Q

Nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor used in combination regimens of HIV

Tox: rash, CNS effects, avoid in pregnancy

A

Efavirenz

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57
Q

HIV fusion inhibitor used in combination regimens

Tox: injection site rxns, rare hypersensitivity

A

Enfuvirtide

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58
Q

LMW heparin parenteraaly for anticoag. Primary effect on factor Xa, less on thrombin. aPTT unreliable

A

Enoxaparin

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59
Q

COMT inhibitor enhances levodopa access to CNS neurons. Adjunct in parkinson’s disease

A

Entacapone

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60
Q

Prolonged vasoconstriction and uterine contraction. Used in migraine and obstetrics

Tox: vasospasm

A

Ergot alkaloids: ergonovine, ergotamine

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61
Q

Bacteriostatic inhibitor 50s. Gram pos cocci and bacilli, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, legionella, chlamydia

Tox: cholestatic jaundice (avoid estolate in preg), inhibits liver drug metab enzymes. Interacts with cisapride, theophylline, warfarin

A

Erythromycin

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62
Q

Inhibitor of arabinogalactan synthesis

Tox: dose dependent ocular dysfunction, dizziness, headache, hyperuricemia

A

Ethanbutol

63
Q

Used in absence seizures. Block T type calcium channels in thalamic neurons

Tox: GI distress; safe in preg!

A

Ethosuximide

64
Q

Inhibits Gi transporter of dietary cholesterol and cholesterol secreted in bile. For hypercholesterolemia in combi with statin

Tox: poss inc risk hepatic damage with statin

A

Ezetimibe

65
Q

Steroid inhibitor of 5alpha reductase that inhibits synthesis of dihydrotestosterone. Used in BpH and male pattern baldness

A

Finasteride

66
Q

Group 1C antiarrhythmic. Used in Vtach and rapid atrial arrhythmias with Wolff Parkinson White syndrome

Tox: arrhythmogenic, cns excitation

A

Flecainide

67
Q

Imidazole, inhibits ergosterol synthesis. CNS entry and renal elim
Uses: esophageal and vaginal candidiasis, coccidiodomycosis, prophy and tx of fungal meningitis
Less severe side effects than ketoconazole

A

Fluconazole

68
Q

High mineralocorticoid and moderate glucocorticoid activity, long duration of action. Used in Addison’s disease

A

Fludrocortisone

69
Q

Used to reverse CNS depressant effects of benzodiazepines, zolpiden, eszopiclone, and zaleplon. Benzodiazepine receptor antagonist

A

Flumazenil

70
Q

Cell cycle specific pyrimidine antimetabolite that irrev inhibits thymidylate synthase, dTMP deficiency. “thymine less death”. Mainly used for solid tumors

Tox: Gi distress, myelosupression, neurotox

A

Fluorouracil

71
Q

SSRI prototype, less ANS adverse effects and cardiotoxic potential than tricyclics

Tox: CNS stim, sexual dysfunction, seizures in overdose, serotonin syndrome

A

Fluoxetine

72
Q

Prototype androgen receptor antagonist used in prostatic cacinoma

A

Flutamide

73
Q

Structural analog of GABA that facilitates its inhibitory actions. For partial seizures, neuropathic pain, bipolar disorder

Tox: sedation, movement disorder

A

Gabapentin

74
Q

Antiviral against CMV and HSV. For CMV requires bioactivation via viral phosphotransferase

Tox: myelosup, nephrotox, neurotox

A

Ganciclovir

75
Q

Fibrate prototype for hypertriglyceridemia. Lowers VlDL and TG and increases HDL by actuvating peroxisome prolif activated rceptor alpha nuclear receptors

Tox: inc myopathy combined with statins or niacin, Gi, cholelithiasis

A

Gemfibrozil

76
Q

Second gen, potent sulfonylurea secretagogue. Blocks potassium channels in lancreatic beta cells

Tox: hypogly, weight gain

A

Glipizide

77
Q

Prototype carbapenem active against many aerobic and anaerobic bacteria including penicillinase producing org. Used with cilastatin

A

Imipenem

78
Q

HIV protease inhibitor component of combination regimens in AIDS.
Tox: anemia, nephrolithiasis, metabolic disorder, inhibits p450

A

Indinavir

79
Q

Tx of Hepa B and C viral infections and some malignancies

Tox: flu like, myelosupression, neurotox

A

Interferon alpha

80
Q

Sole agent in tx of latent Tb inf. Metabolic clearance via N acetyltransferase (genetic var).
Tox: age dependent hepatotoxicity, periph neuropathy (reversed by pyridoxine), hemolysis in g6pd def

A

Isoniazid

81
Q

Beta 1 and 2 agonist, bronchodilator, cardiac stimulant. Always causes tachycardia because both direct and reflex inc Hr

Tox: tremor, arrhythmias, angina

A

Isoproterenol

82
Q

DOC onchocerciasis and threadworm inf. Intensifies GABA mediated neurotransmission

A

Ivermectin

83
Q

Azole prototype active systemically. Used for candida, dermatophytosis, and non life threatening systemic mycoses. Sometimes used to suppress adrenocorticoid or gonadal hormone synthesis

Tox: hepatic dysfunction, inhibits steroid synth, p450 dep drug metab

A

Ketoconazole

84
Q

Only NSAID in parenteral, as systemic analgesic

A

Ketorolac

85
Q

Least toxic nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor. Use in chronic Hepa B in addition to HIV infection

A

Lamivudine

86
Q

For absence and partial seizures, also used in bipolar affective

Tox: rash possibly life threatening esp pedia

A

Lamotrigine

87
Q

PGF2 alpha analog used topically in glaucoma

A

Latanoprost

- also Bimatoprost and Travoprost

88
Q

Recombinant antithrombotic that directly inhibits thrombin. Parenteral, rapid onset.
Used in heparin induced thrombocytopenia

Tox: bleeding, monitor with aPTT

A

Lepirudin

*Dabigatran oral thrombin inhibitor
Bivalirudin used in PCI

89
Q

GnRH analog, continuous to suppress gonadotropin and gonadal hormone synthesis, with gonadotropins for induction of ovulation and advanced prostate ca.

Tox: decreased bone density with prolonged use, hot flushes, gynecomastia

A

Leuprolide

90
Q

Dopamine precurcor used in parkinsonism usually in combination with carbidopa (periph inhibitor of dopamine metabolism)

Tox: dyskinesias, hypotension, on-off phenomenon, behav changes

A

Levodopa

91
Q

Plan B emergency contraceptive

A

Levonorgestrel

92
Q

Highly selective use-dependent group 1B anti arrhythmic. Used for nerve block and acute post MI ischemic ventricular arrhythmias. Parenteral only

Tox: CNS excitation

A

Lidocaine

93
Q

Primary drug in mania and bipolar affective disorders. Blocks recycling of phosphatidylinositol second messenger system

Tox: tremor, diabetes insipidus, goiter, seizures

A

Lithium

94
Q

HMG CoA reductase ihibitor prototype used for hypercholesterolemia. In liver, reduces synthesis of cholesterol and indirectly increases LDL receptor synthesis

Tox: hepatotoxicity, muscle damage, teratogen

A

Lovastatin

95
Q

Important drug for common nematode infections. Inhibits microtubule synthesis and glucose uptake in nematodes

Tox: Gi distress, caution in pregnancy

A

Mebendazole

96
Q

Used in combination with estrogen for tx of menopausal symptoms and used as long acting injection (Depo-Provera) for contraception

A

Medroxyprogesterone

97
Q

Prophy and tx of chloroquine resistant malaria. Unknown MOA.

Tox: GI distress, dizziness, seizures in overdose, arrhythmias

A

Mefloquine

98
Q

Synthetic, equivalent to morphine in efficacy but orally bioavailable. Strong agonist at mu receptors, blocks muscarinic receptors, serotonergic activity

A

Meperidine

99
Q

Prototype biguanide, inhibits hepatic and renal gluconeogenesis, minimal hypoglycemia or weight gain

Tox: GI distress, lactic acidosis

A

Metformin

100
Q

Equivalent to morphine but orally bioavailable with longer half life. Used as analgesic, suppression of withdrawal symptoms, and in maintenance programs

A

Methadone

101
Q

Antineoplastic, DMARD, and immunosuppressant. Cell cycle specific, inhibits dihydrofolate reductase. Major dose reduction in renal impairment

Tox: gi distress, myelosuppression, crystalluria
– leucovorin for toxicity

A

Methotrexate

102
Q

D2 receptor antagonist used to stimulate upper GI motility in pxs with gastroparesis and as anti emetic

Tox: restlessness, insomnia, agitation, EP effects, elevated prolactin

A

Metoclopramide

103
Q

DOC extraluminal amoebiasis and trichomoniasis, also effective against anaerobes inc B. Fragilis and antibiotic induced colitis from C. Difficile

Tox: peripheral neuropathy, GI distress, ethanol intolerance, mutagenic potential

A

Metronidazole

104
Q

PGE1 derivative, to prevent GI ulcers caused by NSAIDs. Used with Mifepristone (progestin and glucocorticoid receptor anatagonist) as abortifacient

A

Misoprostol

105
Q

Leukotriene receptor blocker esp LTD4 used for prophylaxis in asthma. Once daily dosing. Minimal toxicity

A

Monteleukast

106
Q

Penicillinase resistant penicillin used for suspected or known staph infections. Not effective against MRSA

A

Nafcillin

107
Q

Mu receptor antagonist. Used to reverse CNS depressant effects of opioid analgesics

A

Naloxone

*Naltrexone - related; used in ethanol dependency

108
Q

Vitamin that inhibits VLDL synthesis and release of fatty acids from adipose. Lowers LDL snd triglycerides and raises HDl

Tox: flushing, pruritus, liver dysfunction, knc risk myopathy when combined with statins

A

Niacin

109
Q

Used as pulmonary dilator in neonatal hypoxia, pulmonary HTN

A

Nitric oxide

110
Q

Standard of therapy in angina (atherosclerotic and variant). Releases No in veins, less in arteries

Tox: tachycardia, orthostatic hypotension, headache

A

Nitroglycerin

111
Q

High affinity antagonist at 5-HT2A receptor with minimal extrapyramidal side effects. Improves both positive and negative symptoms in schizophrenia

Tox: weight gain, T2DM, hyperlipidemia, inc prolactin

A

Olanzapine

*Sertindole - QT prolongation; Clozapine- agranulo

112
Q

5-HT3 receptor blocker prototype. Impt anti emetic for cancer chemo, also post op.

Tox: extrapyramidal effects

A

Ondansetron

113
Q

Neuraminidase inhibitor blocking release of mature virions of influenza A and B, decreases infectivity. Prophylactic and shortens duration of flu symptoms

A

Oseltamivir

114
Q

Muscarinic cholinoceptor blocker used to relieve bladder spasm and incontinence

A

Oxybutynin

115
Q

Plant alkaloid M-phase specific which inhibits mitotic spindle DISASSEMBLY

Tox: hematotoxicity, periph neuro, hypersensitivity

A

Paclitaxel

116
Q

Chelator and immunomodulator. Treatment of copper poisoning and Wilson’s disease, formerly used in RA

A

Penicillamine

117
Q

Irreversible non selective MAO inhibitor, used as back up drug for atypical depression.

Tox: malignant htn with indirect acting sympathomimetics and tyramine, serotonin syndrome

A

Phenelzine

118
Q

Irreversible alpha blocker used in pheochromocytoma

Tox: excess hypotension, GI distress

A

Phenoxybenzamine

119
Q

Long acting barbiturate used as sedative and for tonic clonic seizures. Partial renal clearance increased by urine alkalization. Chronic use leads to induction of liver drug metabolizing enzymes and ALA synthase.

Tox: psychological and physiological dependence

A

Phenobarbital

120
Q

Blocks sodium channels in neuronal membranes. Used for tonic clonic and partial seizures

Tox: sedation, diplopia, hirsutism, gingival hyperplasia, fetal hydantoin syndrome

A

Phenytoin

121
Q

Muscarinic receptor partial agonist that may cause paradoxic HTN. Used in Sjogrens syndrome, xerostomia, glaucoma

A

Pilocarpine

122
Q

Acetylcholinesterase regenerator, with atropine antidote for organophosphate poisoning. Chemical antagonist with very high affinity for phosphorus

Tox: neuromuscular weakness

A

Pralidoxime

123
Q

Dopamine D3 receptor agonist in CNS, often first line in parkinsonism

Tox: postural hypotension, dyskinesia (less than Bromocriptine)

A

Pramipexole

124
Q

Important drug for trematodes and cestode infections. Inc membrane permeability to calcium

Tox: potential abortifacient, headache, dizziness, GI distress, fever

A

Praziquantel

125
Q

Alpha 1 selective blocker prototype used in HTN and BPH

Tox: first dose hypotension but less reflex tachycardia than nonselective

A

Prazosin

126
Q

Uricosuric, inhibitor of renal weak acid secretion and reabsorption in PCT. accelerates clearance of uric acid qnd prolongs half life of some antimicrobials

Used in gout due to underexcretion

A

Probenecid

127
Q

Group 1A anti arrhythmic prototype, metabolized by N-acetyltransferase.

Tox: lupus like syndrome and torsades de pointes, similar to quinidine but more cardiodepressant

A

Procainamide

128
Q

Non selective beta blocker. Local anesthetic action, no partial aginist effect. Used in HTN, angina, arrhythmias, migraine, hyperthyroidism, tremor

Tox: asthma, AV block, HF

A

Propranolol

129
Q

PGI2, vasodilator and inhibitor of plt aggregation.

A

Prostacyclin

*Epoprostenol - analog, used in primary pulmonary HTN

130
Q

Anti folate antiprotozoal and is synergistic with sulfadiazine against Toxoplasma gondii. Folinic acid is needed to offset hema toxicity

A

Pyrimethamine

131
Q

Blood schizonticide, interferes with nucleic acid metabolism in plasmodium

Tox: cinchonism, GI upset

A

Quinine

132
Q

Agonist at brain melatonin receptors

Tox: fatigue, inc prolactin, dec testosteron

A

Ramelteon

133
Q

Inhibitor of DNA dependent RNA polymerase used in drug regimens for Tb and meningococcal carrier state

Tox: hepatic dysfunction, flu like syndrome with intermittent dosing

A

Rifampin

134
Q

HIV protease inhibitor used at low dose as part of combination regimen in AIDS to inhibit metabolism of other drugs

A

Ritonavir

135
Q

Stimulator of PPAR gamma and enhances target tissue sensitivity to insulin. Less hypoglycemia and weight gain than secretagogues

Tox: fluid retention, heart failure, fractures in women

A

Rosiglitazone

136
Q

Oral factor X inhibitor for prevention of DVT, pulmonary embolism, post surgery, and stroke in A fib. Fixed dose, no routine monitoring

A

Rivaroxaban

137
Q

MAO B inhibitor used in parkinson’s disease

Tox: gi distress, cns stimulation, dyskinesia, serotonin syndrome

A

Selegiline

138
Q

Phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitor, preventing breakdown of cGMP, promoting vasodilation and smooth ms relaxation. Used for erectile dysfunction and pulmonary HTN

Tox: severe hypotension (with nitrates), impaired blue-green color vision

A

Sildenafil

139
Q

Group 3 antiarrhythmic prototype, blocks Ik channels and beta receptors. Used for atrial and ventricular arrhythmias

Tox: torsades de pointes

A

Sotalol

140
Q

Aldosterone receptor antagonist more selective, used kn HtN and heart failure

A

Eplerenone

- Spironilactone has androgen receptor blocking actions

141
Q

Quinupristin+Dalfopristin, IV use for drug resistant gr pos cocci inc MRSA and VRE

Tox: infusion related pain, arthralgia, myalgia

A

Streptogramins

*linezolid- also inhibits protein synthesis for drug res gr positive including PRSP

142
Q

Depolarizing neuromuscular relaxant implicated in malignant hyperthermia

A

Succinylcholine

- no antidote

143
Q

5-ASA anti-inflamm drug used for IBDand RA

tox: gi disturbance, leukopenia

A

Sulfasalazine

144
Q

Blocks estrogen receptors in breast tissue, activates endometrial receptors. Used in ER positive cancers, possibly prophylactic in high risk patients

A

Tamoxifen

145
Q

Fungicidal inhibitor of squalene epoxidase. Most effective agent in onychomycosis

A

Terbinafine

146
Q

Reclmbinant PTH for parenteral tx of osteoporosis. Increases bone formation and bone resorption. 1st 6 months with net gain in bone. Only approved for 2 yrs of use due to osteosarcoma risk

SE: hypercalcemia, hypercalciuria

A

Teriparatide

147
Q

Non depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent. Competitive nicotinic blocker.

Tox: respiratory paralysis, hypotension (histamine release) –> rarely used
Antidote: Cholinesterase inhibitor ex. Neostigmine

A

Tubocurarine

148
Q

Indirect acting sympathomimetic prototype. Releases or displaces NE from stores in nerve endings. Presence in food can cause potentially lethal hypertensive responses in px taking MAO-inhibitors

A

Tyramine

149
Q

Primary drug in absence, clonic tonic, and myoclonic seizure states. Also commonly used for bipolar disorder

Tox: GI distress, hepatic necrosis rarely, spina bifida, inhibits drug metab

A

Valproic acid

150
Q

DOC for MRSA and effective in antibiotic induced colitis. Dose reduction required in renal impairment (or hemodialysis)

Tox: ototoxicity, hypersensitivity, renal dysfunction rarely

A

Vancomycin

151
Q

M phase specific plant alkaloid. Inhibits mitotic spindle formation

Tox: peripheral neuropathy

A

Vincristine

*Vinblastine- causes myelosuppression

152
Q

Oral anticoag prototype. Causes synthesis of nonfunctional versions of vit k dependent clotting factors. Measure with PT expressed as INR

Tox: bleeding, teratogenic
Antidote: vit k, FFP

A

Warfarin

153
Q

Prototype NRTI used in combination for HIv infections and in prophylaxis for needlestick and vertical transmission

Tox: severe myelosuppression

A

Zidovudine

Others: Abacavir, Didanosine, Lamivudine, Stavudine, Zalcitabine

154
Q

Non benzodiazepine hypnotic that acts via BZ1 receptor subtype. Reversed by Flumazenil. Has less amnesia and muscle relaxation and lower dependence liability

A

Zolpidem

PLE 2017 (4 decks)

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