PHARMA EXAM Flashcards
*AMOXICILLIN
Amoxicillin
Use/Indication:
- Bacterial infections (e.g., respiratory, ear, urinary tract)
Route(s):
- Oral
Side effects:
- Nausea, diarrhea, rash, allergic reactions
Contraindications:
- penicillin allergy
Cautions:
- Caution in renal impairment
- Monitor for signs of superinfection or allergic reactions
*OMEPRAZOLE
Use/Indication: GERD, peptic ulcers,
Route(s): Oral, IV
Side effects: Headache, nausea, diarrhoea, abdo pain
Contraindications: Hypersensitivity (Allergy), liver impairment
Cautions/Nursing Considerations: Monitor liver function, give 30 min before meals
Use cautiously in pregnancy and breastfeeding
*MORPHINE
Morphine
Use/Indication:
- Severe pain relief
Route(s):
- Oral, IV, IM, subcutaneous
Side effects:
- Sedation, constipation, nausea, LOW respiratory rate
Contraindications:
- Respiratory depression, acute abdominal conditions, hypersensitivity
Cautions:
- Monitor for respiratory depression, especially with high doses
- Caution in elderly, renal/hepatic impairment, and opioid tolerance
*SODIUM VALPROATE
Use/Indication: Epilepsy, bipolar disorder, migraine prevention
Route(s): Oral, IV
Side effects: Drowsiness, nausea, tremor, weight gain, liver toxicity
Contraindications: Hepatic impairment, urea cycle disorders, pregnancy (unless necessary)
Cautions: Monitor liver function, especially in the first 6 months in pregnancy (teratogenic) and with other CNS depressants
*PARACETAMOL
Paracetamol (Acetaminophen)
Use/Indication:
- Pain relief, fever reduction
Route(s):
- Oral, IV
Side effects:
- Liver toxicity (in overdose), rash (rare)
Contraindications:
- Severe liver disease, hypersensitivity
Cautions:
- Weight of patient (under 50kg)
- Avoid alcohol use, monitor liver function with prolonged use
- Caution in renal impairment
*PREDNIDSOLONE
Prednisolone
Use/Indication:
- Inflammation, autoimmune disorders, allergies
Route(s):
- Oral, IV, IM
Side effects:
- Weight gain, fluid retention, increased blood sugar, mood changes
Contraindications:
- Systemic fungal infections, live vaccines
Cautions:
- Monitor for signs of infection, blood sugar, and bone health
- Taper dosage to avoid withdrawal symptoms
*IBUPROFEN
Ibuprofen
Use/Indication:
- Pain relief, inflammation, fever
Route(s):
- Oral, IV
Side effects:
- Stomach upset, gastrointestinal bleeding
Contraindications:
- Active peptic ulcer, severe renal or liver impairment
Cautions:
- Use lowest dose for shortest duration
- Caution in cardiovascular, GI, and renal conditions
*SALBUTAMOL
Salbutamol
Use/Indication:
- Asthma, COPD (bronchodilator), used for hyperkalaemia (shifts into cells)
Route(s):
- Inhalation (MDI, nebulizer), oral
Side effects:
- Tremor, tachycardia, headache, nervousness
Contraindications:
- Hypersensitivity
Cautions:
- Use cautiously in heart disease or hypertension
- Overuse may lead to decreased effectiveness and increased side effects
*CITALOPRAM
Use/Indication:
- Depression, anxiety
Route(s):
- Oral
Side effects:
- Nausea, insomnia, sexual dysfunction, dry mouth
Contraindications:
- Hypersensitivity, MAO inhibitors
Cautions:
- Monitor for suicidal thoughts, QT prolongation risk
*SERTRALINE
Use/Indication:
- Depression, anxiety, OCD, PTSD
Route(s):
- Oral
Side effects:
- Nausea, insomnia, sexual dysfunction, headache
Contraindications:
- poorly controlled epilepsy Hypersensitivity,
Cautions:
- Monitor for suicidal thoughts, serotonin syndrome risk with other serotonergic drugs
ADHERENCE
-how well patients follows treatment plan with healthcare professional
- i.e taking right dose, time and way (adherence)
COMPLIANCE
degree at which patient obeys healthcare professionals recommendations
- not involved in decision making process
CONCORDANCE
collaborative/shared decision making between patient and healthcare professional
COVERT ADMINISTRATION
medication given to patient without their knowledge or consent
- for lack of capacity patients dementia after ethical/legal consideration
MENTAL CAPACITY ACT
States a patient lacks capacity if:
No understanding, retain or use info (dementia reviewed by specialist)
