PHARMA 3 Flashcards
force the HIV virus to use faulty versions of
building blocks so infected cells can’t make more
HIV.
NUCLEOSIDE/NUCLEOTIDE REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE INHIBITORS (NRTIs)
These are also called “non-nukes.” NNRTIs bind to
a specific protein so the HIV virus can’t make copies
of itself
NON-NUCLEOSIDE REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE
INHIBITORS (NNRTIs)
1.)
This is a new class of drug with just one medication,
fostemsavir (Rukobia). It is for adults who have
tried multiple HIV medications and whose HIV has
been resistant to other therapies
2.)
● Maraviroc, or MVC (Selzentry), also stops HIV
before it gets inside a healthy cell, but in a different
way than fusion inhibitors
3.)
● This is a new class of antiviral medication
specifically for adults living with HIV who have tried
multiple HIV medications and whose HIV has been
resistant to other therapies
1.) gp120 ATTACHMENT INHIBITOR
2.) CCR5 ANTAGONIST
3.) POST-ATTACHMENT INHIBITOR OR MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY
● These drugs block a protein that infected cells need
to put together new HIV virus particles
● These stop HIV from making copies of itself by
blocking a key protein that allows the virus to put its
DNA into the healthy cell’s DNA. They’re also called
integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTIs).
● Unlike NRTIs, NNRTIs, PIs, and INSTIs, which work
on infected cells, these drugs block HIV from getting
inside healthy cells
1.)
PROTEASE INHIBITORS (PIs)
2.)
INTEGRASE INHIBITORS
3.)
FUSION INHIBITORS
1.)
○ These drugs are taken before exposure
(“pre-exposure”) to help protect against
infection (prophylaxis)
○ Most common of drugs under PrEP are
for HIV
2.)
○ Mostly covers HIV medications, they are
taken after possible exposure to the
virus
● Must start within 72 HOURS (3 DAYS) after
possible exposure to HIV or else it won’t work
1.) PrEP - Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis
2.) PEP - Post-Exposure Prophylaxis
VACCINES:
1.)
○ Pathogen invades the body
○ The immune system ACTIVELY
produces antibodies (Immunoglobulins)
to fight infection
2.)
○ Determined in specific population
○ Immunity gained W/O medical
intervention
○ Can be actively (natural infection) or
passively (mother to child)
3.)
○ Exposure to an antigen or from passive
injection of immunoglobulins
○ Immunity gained AFTER birth
1.) Active Immunity
2.) Natural Immunity
3.) Acquired Immunity
launched by the DOH together with WHO
and UNICEF to reduce the childhood
immunizable disease:
○ Tuberculosis
○ Poliomyelitis
○ Hepatitis B
○ Measles
○ Diphtheria
○ Pertussis
○ Tetanus
EXPANDED PROGRAM ON IMMUNIZATION (EPI)
1.)
A disease process that begins when an abnormal
cell is transformed by the genetic mutation of the
cellular DNA
2.)
● Study of malignant neoplasms
1.) CANCER
2.) ONCOLOGY
PRINCIPLES OF CANCER:
1.)
Cancer cells that divide rapidly respond more
effectively to anticancer therapy than the
slow-growing cells or solid tumors
2.)
Non communicable
3.)
Cell development in which unspecialized cells or
tissues are systematically modified and altered to
achieve specific and characteristic physical forms,
physiologic functions & chemical properties.
4.)
80 % genetic, 20 % environmental factors (lifestyle
& diet) & immunosuppressive disorders (AIDS,
dialysis pts)
5.)
Substance that can precipitate malignant growth
1.) GROWTH REGULATION
2.) CONTACT INHIBITION
3,) DIFFERENTIATION
4.) ETIOLOGY
5.) ONCOGENES
Also called chemotherapeutic drugs/agents,
cytotoxics and antineoplastics
● Act on any of the phase during the cell cycle
● Acts on mutated cells on specific cell cycles
ANTICANCER DRUGS
1.) Has the capability to invade tissues/organs
2.) Does not have the capability of metastasis
1.) MALIGNANT
2.) BENIGN
1.)
First antineoplastic drugs; for the treatment of
prostatic cancer
2.)
May be used as sole treatment of cancer or in
conjunction with radiation and surgery
potentially teratogenic
1.) Mechlorethamine HCL (Mustargen) & Estrogen
2.) CHEMOTHERAPY
● One of the largest group among antineoplastic
drugs
● Kills cells by forming cross links on the DNA
strands;
● Since cancer cells generally proliferate
unrestrictedly more than do healthy cells they are
more sensitive to DNA damage
ALKYLATING DRUGS (LARGEST)
● CCS anticancer drugs (affects the M phase)
MITOTIC INHIBITORS
1.)
● Inspect IV product for particulate matter &
discoloration prior to use
● First alkylating drug
● It became available for clinical use and chemical
warfare during World War II.
2.)
● monitor for bone marrow suppression
● serial monitoring of hgb & hct,)
3.)
Uses: ovarian cancer
Photosensitive drugs nursing responsibilities
● cover IV bottle including IV tubings to preserve
the potency of drugs during IV infusion
4.)
Disrupting the metabolic processes and inhibit
enzyme synthesis
1.) NITROGEN MUSTARDS
2.) NITROSOUREAS
3.) ALKYLATING-LIKE DRUGS
4.) ANTIMETABOLITES (OLDEST)
