Pharma

Question 1

Treating hypersecretion states of corticosteroids
Several substances has proven to be useful as inhibitors of synthesis of adrenal steroid these include :

Answer 1

1. Metyrapone is used for the treatment of Cushing syndrome and
   can be used to test adrenal and pituitary function
   MOA: Inhibits 11-β-hydroxylase, interfering with cortisol & corticosterone synthesis
2. Aminoglutethimide act by inhibiting the conversion of cholesterol
   to pregnenolone
3. Ketoconazole (an antifungal) used to treat Cushing syndrome 4. Mifepristone (glucocorticoid receptor antagonist) used to treat
   Cushing syndrome 5. Trilostane use in Cushing and primary hyperaldosteronism 6. Spironolactone & eplerenone effective in hyperaldosteronism and
   as diuretic (Receptor antagonist)

Question 2

+ 1) Agents that bind to the sulfonylurea receptor and stimulate
insulin secretion

Answer 2

A. Sulfonylureas/SU (1st generations (…amides) and 2ndgenerations (—ide))
B. Meglitinide Analogs. (…glinides)

Question 3

+ 2) Agents that lower glucose levels by their actions on liver,
muscle, and adipose tissue

Answer 3

A. Biguanides. (Metformin)
B. Thiazolidinediones/TZD (….glitazone)

Question 4

+ 3) Agents that principally slow the intestinal absorption of glucose

Answer 4

A. α-glucosidase-Inhibitors.(Acarbose)

Question 5

+ 4) Agents that mimic incretin effect or prolong incretin action

Answer 5

A. Glucagon-like peptide-1=GLP-1-receptor-Agonists.(….tide)
B. Di-Peptidyl Peptidase-4 =DPP-4-Inhibitors. (…liptin)

Question 6

+ 5) Agents that inhibit the reabsorption of glucose in the kidney

Answer 6

A. (Sodium-GLucose co-Transporter inhibitors SGLT2-Inhibitors (…gliflozin)

Question 7

+ 6) Agents that act by other or ill-defined mechanisms

Answer 7

A. Amylin-analogs: pramlintide, .