Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

ENT 1 > PHARM- URI & sinusitis > Flashcards

PHARM- URI & sinusitis Flashcards

1
Q

when is intranasal steroids not recommended?

A

in common colds! (viral rhinosinusitis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

3 classes used in tx of common cold

A

decongestants
expectorants
antitussives

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

3 decongestants learned (POP)

A

pseudoephedrine (sudafed)
oxymetazoline (afrin)
phenylephrine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

which 2 meds are intranasal?

A

oxymetazoline
phenylephrine (also PO, IV)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

4 shared ADR of the 3 decongestants

A

tachycardia
decreased appetite
elevated BP & HR
insomnia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

which of the three decongestants have rhinitis medicamentosa as a possible ADF?

A

oxymetazoline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

4 shared Contra of pseudoephedrine & oxymetazoline

A

cardiac dz
HTN
glaucoma
MAOI use

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

which decongestant causes NE release which decreases swelling & discharge

A

pseudoephedrine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

which decongestant decreases mucosal edema by direct activity & has 10 min onset

A

oxymetazoline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

name the single expectorant we learned

A

Guaifenesin (Mucinex)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

MOA of Guaifenesin

A

increases effective hydration of respiratory tract & reduces mucus viscosity to facilitate removal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

5 ADR of guaifenesin

A

N/V
dizziness & drowsiness
HA
rash
nephrolithiasis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

3 scenarios to be cautious of prescribing guaifenesin

A

hypersensitivity
nephrolithiasis
<6 yo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

name the antitussives (DCH)

A

dextromethorphan
codeine
hydrocodone combo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

dextromethorphan MOA (3)

A

central depression of cough center (medulla oblongata)
uncompetitive NMDA receptor antagonist
sigma-1 receptor agonist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

ADR of antitussives

A

all: n/v/d, dizziness, drowsiness/sedation
dext: nervousness & restless
codeine & hydro combo: constipation, itching, resp. suppression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

which antitussive is commonly combined w/ promethazine (antihistamine) in cough syrups?

A

codeine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

which 2 antitussives is commonly prescribed but not effective at reducing cough in acute URI

A

codeine & hydrocodone combo

19
Q

2 contra for dextromethorphan

A

<4yo
MAOI

20
Q

3 contra for codeine & hydrocodone combo

A

<12yo
asthma
respiratory d/o

21
Q

diphenhydramine may relieve rhinorrhea & sneezing so why is it also impractical?

A

because of the sedating side effects

22
Q

coverage of amoxicillin vs augmentin

A

augmentin covers same as amoxicillin + most anaerobes, M. catarrhalis, Klebsiella

23
Q

how do the PCNs work?

A

arrest cell wall synthesis via PBP
augmentin helps expand its coverage for beta-lactamase resistance

24
Q

3 ADR of PCNS

A

hypersensitivity rxns
n/v/d
non-allergic rash w/ EBV

25
Q

formulations of the macrolides

A

PO & IV

26
Q

how do macrolides work?

A

stop protein synthesis via 50s

27
Q

4 bacteria covered by macrolides but not by PCN

A

M. catarrhalis
chlamydia spp
legionella
mycoplasma

28
Q

2 ADR of macrolides

A

anorexia
vomiting & diarrhea

29
Q

which medication(s) should you not prescribe is someone is taking cisapride or pimozide?

A

macrolides– azithromycin, eythromycin

30
Q

formulation of levofloxacin & how it works

A

PO & IV
inhibits DNA gyrase

31
Q

3 coverage of levofloxacin

A

pseudomonas, S. pneumonia
atypical resp. (legionella, mycoplasma)
most gram negative
doesn’t cover anaerobes reliably

32
Q

which abx has arthropathy & tendiopathy, CNS toxicity, photosensitivity and QT prolongation as ADRs?

A

levofloxacin

33
Q

3 contra of levofloxacin

A

pregnancy
<18 or elderly
using class IA or III antiarrhythmics

34
Q

TMP & sulfa MOA

A

tmp: blocks enzymes used in folic acid pathway
sulfa: blocking PABA from making dihydrofolic acid

35
Q

which medication should you be watchful of if a patient is already taking warfarin

A

TMP-Sulfa

36
Q

TMP-sulfa coverage

A

S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, M. catarrhalis, Pneumocystis jiroveci, Pasteurella multocida, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia; Most E. coli, Klebsiella, Proteus, MRSA

37
Q

which abx has SJS/toxic epidermal necrolysis, hemolytic anemia & reversible myelosuppression as ADR?

A

TMP-sulfa

38
Q

which med has Contra of drug-induced thrombocytopenia hx, folate deficiency anemia, <2 months old or marked hepatic/renal dz?

A

TMP-Sulfa

39
Q

how does doxycycline work?

A

inhibits 30s bacterial ribosome

40
Q

ADR of nausea, photosensitivity, intracranial HTN

A

doxycycline

41
Q

contraindicated in pregnancy and kids under 8 yrs old

A

doxycycline

42
Q

clindamycin MOA

A

inhibits 50s bacterial ribosome

43
Q

its only ADR is diarrhea/c.diff

A

clindamycin

44
Q

contraindicated for meningitis or c. diff hx

A

clindamycin

ENT 1 (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions