Pharm Toxins and Antidotes/ Treatments

Question 1

Acetaminophen

Answer 1

N-acetylcysteine (replenishes glutathione)

Question 2

Salicylates

Answer 2

NaHCO3 (alkalinize urine). Dialysis. “ALkalinize urine for sALicylate overdose.”

Question 3

Amphetamines

Answer 3

NH4Cl (acidify urine)

Question 4

Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, organophosphates

Answer 4

Atropine (muscarinic antagonist), Pralidoxime (regenerates active AChE)

Question 5

Antimuscarinic, anticholinergic agents

Answer 5

Physostigmine salicylate, control hyperthermia

Question 6

Beta blockers

Answer 6

Glucagon

Question 7

Digitalis

Answer 7

KLAM: normalize K+, Lidocaine, Anti-dig Fab fragments, Mg2+

Question 8

Iron

Answer 8

Deferoxamine, Deferasirox. “Need to de-iron -> de Fe -> defe)

Question 9

Lead

Answer 9

CaEDTA, dimercaprol, succimer, penicillamine

Question 10

Mercury, Arsenic, Gold (MAG)

Answer 10

dimercaprol, succimer

Question 11

Copper, Arsenic, Gold (CAG)

Answer 11

penicillamine

Question 12

Cyanide

Answer 12

Nitrite + thiosulfate, hydroxocobalamin

Question 13

Methemoglobin

Answer 13

Methylene blue, Vit. C

Question 14

Carbon Monoxide

Answer 14

100% O2, Hyperbaric O2

Question 15

Methanol, ethylene glycol (antifreeze)

Answer 15

Fomepizole > ethanol, dialysis

Question 16

Opioids

Answer 16

Naloxone, Naltrexone

Question 17

Benzodiazepines

Answer 17

Flumazenil

Question 18

TCAs

Answer 18

NaHCO3 (Alkalinization of plasma)

Question 19

Heparin

Answer 19

Protamine

Question 20

tPA, streptokinase, urokinase

Answer 20

Aminocaproic acid

Question 21

Theophylline

Answer 21

Beta blocker

Question 22

Warfarin

Answer 22

Vit. K, Fresh frozen plasma