Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Advanced MedSurg > Pharm Test 3 > Flashcards

Pharm Test 3 Flashcards

Neuro Meds

1
Q

This type of drug has an inhibitory effect on CNS, but DOES NOT cause sleep

A

Sedatives (but can become a hypnotic if given in high enough doses)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

This type of drug does cause sleep

A

Hypnotic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Sedatives cause a reduction in….

A
  1. Nervousness
  2. Excitability
  3. Irritability
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Long-acting benzodiazepine

A

Lorazepam (Ativan)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Short-acting benzodiazepine

A

Alprazolam (Xanax)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Non-benzodiazepine approved for long-term therapy

A

Lunesta and Ambien

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Drug effects of benzodiazepines

A
  1. Calming on the CNS
  2. Induce skeletal muscle relaxation
  3. Induce sleep
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Benzodiazepines are indicated for…

A
  1. Sedation
  2. Sleep induction
  3. Relief of agitation
  4. Alcohol withdrawal treatment
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Adverse effects of benzodiazepines

A 
Headache, drowsiness, lethargy
Dizziness/vertigo
Fall hazard**
"Hangover" effect
Withdrawal effect = rebound insomnia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Symptoms of an overdose of benzodiazepines

A 
Somnolence
Confusion
Coma
Diminished reflexes
*Does not cause hypotension/respiratory depression
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Flumazenil is the antidote for…

A

Benzodiazepines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

A patient taking benzodiazepines should avoid…

A

Cimetidine
MAOIs
Grapefruit juice**

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Habit forming drug that in low does can cause a sedative effect, and in high doses can cause hypnotic effect

A

Barbituates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Suffix for barbituates

A

-barbital

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Barbituates are indicated for…

A

Sedation
Anticonvulsant
Anesthesia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Adverse effects of barbituates

A

CNS: drowsiness, lethargy, vertigo, “hangover”, paridoxical restlessness
Respiratory: Resp. depression, apnea, bronchospasm, cough
GI: N/V/D, constipation
Cardio: Vasodilation, hypotension
Hypersensitivity reaction, reduced REM sleep

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

An overdose of a barbituate is characterized by….

A 
Respiratory depression/arrest
CNS depression (sleep, coma, death)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Activated charcoal, ventilation, fluids, and pressor support are overdose treatments for…

A

Barbituates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

A patient taking barbituates should avoid…

A

Alcohol, antihistamines, benzodiazepines, opioids, tranquilizers (additive effects)
Reduction in anticoagulation effects (clot potential)
Increased metabolism of birth control (unexpected pregnancy potential)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Used to relieve pain associated with skeletal muscle spams

A

Muscle relaxants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Direct-acting muscle relaxant

A

Dantrolene (Dantrium)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Baclofen (Lioresal), Cyclobenzaprine (Flexeril), Dantrolene (Dantrium), and Metaxalone (Skelaxin) are examples of…

A

Muscle relaxants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Muscles relaxants work best when combines with…

A

Physical therapy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Can also be used for malignant hyperthermia crisis

A

Dantrolene

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Adverse effects of muscle relaxants center around…

A

CNS depression (euphoria, light headedness, dizziness, drowsiness, fatigue, muscle weakness)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

When administering a CNS depressant it is important to obtain baseline…

A

Supine and standing blood pressures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Hypnotics are administered…

A

30-60 minutes before bed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Can cause REM rebound and feeling tired the next day

A

Benzodiazepines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Excitatory neurotransmitters

A

Dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

CNS stimulants are indicated for…

A
  1. ADHD
  2. Anorexiant (Weight loss)
  3. Analeptic
  4. Narcolepsy
  5. Migraine headaches
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Common adverse effects seen with CNS stimulants include…

A 
Palpitation
Tachycardia
Hypertension
Angina
**Speed up body systems
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

ADHD Drugs

A

Amephetamines (Adderall)
Methylphenidate (Ritalin, Concerta)
Atomoxetine (Strattera)
**Can cause suicidal thinking and behavior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Modafinil (Provigil) is used in the treatment of…

A

Narcolepsy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Drug used to support weight loss

A

Anorexiant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Sibutramine (Meridia)

A

Anorexiant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Suffix for antimigraine drugs

A
  • triptan
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Sumatriptan (Imitrex) and Zolmitriptan (Zomig) are used to treat….

A

Migraines

38
Q

Imitrex is administered

A

SubQ

39
Q

Drugs that stimulate respiration in neonates

A

Analeptics

40
Q

Doxapram (Dopram) and Methylxanthines are…

A

Analeptics

41
Q

The last daily dose of an ADHD medication should be administered…

A

4-6 hours before bedtime

42
Q

Tyramine containing foods

A

Beer, Wine, Aged Cheeses

43
Q

When taking migraine medications (serotonin agonists), educate patients to…

A
  1. Avoid tyramine containing foods
  2. Use correct administration technique (SQ, wafer, spray)
  3. Keep a journal to monitor therapeutic response
44
Q

Drugs that control or prevent seizures while maintaining a reasonable quality of life

A

Antieleptic Drugs (Anticonvulsants)

45
Q

Therapeutic level of Phenytoin (Dilantin)

A

10-20 mEq/mL

46
Q

Phenytoin (Dilantin) is in this class of Antieleptic Drugs

A

Hydantoins

47
Q

Common adverse effects of Phenytoin (Dilantin)

A 
CNS depression (Ataxia)
Ginigival hyperplasia **
48
Q

Therapeutic level of Phenobarbital (Luminal)

A

15-40 mEq/mL

49
Q

Phenobarbital is in this class of Antieleptic Drugs

A

Barbituates

50
Q

Common adverse effects of Phenobarbital (Luminal)

A

Tissue necrosis at injection site

Withdrawal syndrome

51
Q

Benzodiazepine that can be given for generalized seizures

A

Diazepam (Valium)

52
Q

Therapeutic level of Ethosuximide (Zarontin)

A

40-100 mEq/mL

53
Q

Contraindications to Ethosuximide (Zarontin)

A

Porphyria (build-up of chemicals in the body)
Renal/live impairment
Pregnancy

54
Q

Common adverse effects of all Antieleptic Drugs

A

CNS depression
Bone marrow suppression
Dermatological reactions

55
Q

Nursing interventions for Antieleptic Drugs

A

Administer with food, monitor labs, DON’T discontinue abruptly (rebound seizures)

56
Q

Goals of Antiparkinsonian drug therapy

A
  1. Increase levels of dopamine
  2. Antagonize or block Ach
  3. Slow the progression of the disease
57
Q

Avoid tyramine containing foods with this type of Antiparkinsonian Drug

A

Indirect-Acting Dopaminergic (can cause severe hypertension)

58
Q

A selective MAO-B Inhibitor that increases the levels of dopaminergic stimulation in the CNS

A

Selegiline

59
Q

Used as an adjunct with carbadopa-levadopa

A

Selegiline (decreases required dose of levadopa)

60
Q

When used prophylactically, this drug can DELAY development of DEBILITATING PD for 9-18 years

A

Selegiline

61
Q

Adverse effects of Selegiline

A 
Nausea
Lightheadedness, dizziness, Confusion
Abdominal pain
Insomnia
Dry mouth
Hypertensive crisis (if used in doses higher than 10 mg/day)
62
Q

An indirect-acting dopamine-receptor agonist used early in PD that causes the release of dopamine from storage sites, but blocks the reuptake by nerve endings

A

Amantadine (Symmetrel)

63
Q

An indirect-acting dopamine-receptor agonist that inhibits COMT and prolongs the duration of action of levodopa

A

Tolcapone (Tasmar) and Entacapone (Comtan)

64
Q

Adverse effects of COMT inhibitors

A

GI upset
Dyskinesia
Urine discoloration**

65
Q

Non-dopamine Dopaminergic Receptor Agonists (NDDRA)

A

Bromocriptine (Parlodel) - also used in the treatment of prolactin imbalances
Ropinirole (Requip) - also used for Restless Leg Syndrome
Apomorphine (Apokyn)

66
Q

Crosses the blood-brain barrier and is converted to dopamine, but requires large doses to work

A

Levodopa

67
Q

Does not cross the blood-brain barrier and prevents the breakdown of levodopa in periphery

A

Carbidopa

68
Q

Used to treat tremors and muscle rigidity caused by excessive cholinergic activity, but DOES NOT relieve bradykinesia

A

Anticholinergic Therapy

69
Q

Anticholinergic drugs used to treat PD

A

Benztropinemesylate (Cogentin)

Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)

70
Q

Anticholinergic therapy can result in….

A 
Drowsiness, confusion, disorientation
Constipation, N/V
Urinary retention
Blurred vision, dilated pupils, photophobia
Dry skin
Decreased salivation/dry mouth
71
Q

Drugs that stimulate the parasympathetic nervous system (mimic the effects of Ach)

A

Cholinergic Drugs

72
Q

Adverse effects of Cholinergic drugs (SLUDGE)

A 
Salivation
Lacrimation 
Urinary incontinence
Diarrhea
Gastrointestinal cramps
Emesis
73
Q

Direct-acting cholinergic drugs

A

Acetylcholine
Carbachol
Pilocarpine
Bethanechol

74
Q

Direct-acting cholinergic drug used to increase tone and motility of the bladder and GI tract

A

Bethanechol

75
Q

Used to reverse anticholinergic poisoning

A

Physotigmine

Pyridostigmine

76
Q

Used in the diagnosis/treatment of Myasthenia Gravis and to treat mild-moderate ALzheimer’s disease

A

Indirect-acting cholinergic drugs

77
Q

Indirect-acting cholinergic drugs include…

A

Donapezil (Aricept)
Tacrine (Cognex)
Galantamine (Razadyne)
Rivastigmine (Exelon)

78
Q

Avoid taking these when taking cholinergic drugs (can cause decreased cholinergic effects)

A

Anticholinergics
Antihistamines
Sympathomimetics

79
Q

Nursing interventions for cholinergic drugs

A

Do NOT stop abruptly or adjust dosages unless indicated by doctor (OD can be life-threatening)
Encourage Myasthenia Gravis patients to take 30 minutes before meals
Therapeutic effects of Alzheimer’s drugs may take up to 6 weeks to occur

80
Q

Antidote for cholinergic drugs

A

Atropine

81
Q

Instruct patient taking cholinergic drugs to notify doctor if…

A

Weakness
Abdominal cramps
Diarrhea
Difficulty breathing

82
Q

Urination should occur how long after bethanechol administration?

A

60 minutes

83
Q

Competitive antagonists that block Ach at the muscarinic receptors in the parasympathetic nervous system

A

Cholinergic Blocking Drugs

84
Q

Examples of Anticholinergic Drugs

A

Atropine
Scopolamine
Ipratropium

85
Q

Antidote for an Atropine overdose

A

Physostigmine

86
Q

A patient taking an anticholinergic should avoid these drugs…

A

Antihistamines
Phenothiazines
Tricyclic antidepressants
MAOIs

87
Q

Nursing interventions for anticholinergics

A 
Take EXACTLY as prescribed 
Enforce need for adequate fluids
Overdoses can be life-threatening
Apply pressure to inner canthus if administering ophthalmic
Dry mouth may occur
88
Q

Elderly taking anticholinergics should be especially careful to avoid…

A

High temperatures (increased risk for heat stroke)

89
Q

A patient taking an anticholinergic should report the following to the doctor…

A 
Urinary hesitance/retention
Constipation
Palpitations
Tremors
Confusion, sedation or amnesia
EXCESSIVE dry mouth
Fever
90
Q

Effects of anticholinergic drugs include…

A

Decreased heart rate in small doses (increased in high)
Decreased muscle rigidity and tremors
Drowsiness, disorientation, hallucinations (high doses)
Urinary retention
Decreased intestinal/gastric secretion
Dilated pupils (mydriasis) and decreased accommodation (cycloplegia)
Decreased salivation, sweating
Decreased bronchial secretions and dilated airways

Advanced MedSurg (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions