Pharm Test #3 Flashcards
1
Q
indications for use of adrenal agents
A
- widely used to suppress the immune system
- short-term use to relieve inflammation during acute stages of illness
2
Q
do adrenal agents cure inflammatory disorders
A
NO
3
Q
where are the adrenal glands located
A
flattened bodies that sit on top of each kidney
4
Q
what two hormones do adrenal glands secrete
A
- cortisol
- aldosterone
5
Q
this increases glucose and controls blood pressure
A
cortisol
6
Q
causes kidneys to absorb sodium. CV is impacted if not working
A
aldosterone
7
Q
3 types of corticosteroids
A
androgens, glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids
8
Q
what causes greatly reduced cortisol and aldosterone secretion
A
adrenal gland hypotension
9
Q
what are the actions of the adrenocortical hormones
A
cause the release of glucose for energy
10
Q
signs/symptoms of adrenal gland hypofunction
A
- hypoglycemia
- muscle weakness
- hypotension
- fatigue
- hyperkalcemia
11
Q
signs of adrenal crisis
A
physiological exhaustion
hypotension
fluid shift
shock and even death
12
Q
treatment of adrenal crisis
A
massive infusion of replacement steroids
constant monitoring and life support procedures
13
Q
medications for glucocorticoids
A
dexamethasone
hydrocortisone - IV
methylprednisolone - IV
prednisone - oral ***know
14
Q
what do glucocorticoids impact
A
the sugar
monitor blood glucose level
15
Q
why be concerned if pt is on glucocorticoids long term
A
-make bones brittle
-monitor pt for fractures
-suppresses immune system- makes wounds hard to heal
-need to protect pt from infections
16
Q
what are the actions of glucocortioids
A
initiate many complex reactions responsible for anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects
17
Q
why use glucocorticoids
A
- short term treatment of many inflammatory disorders
- to relieve discomfort
- give body a chance to heal from effects of inflammation
18
Q
contraindications for glucocorticoids
A
- acute infection
-irritating to GI and can cause issues
19
Q
cautions for glucocorticoid
A
acute peptic ulcer
20
Q
indications for prednisone
A
replacement therapy in adrenal cortical insufficiency;
short term management of various inflammatory and allergic disorders,
hypercalcemia associated with cancer,
hematological disorders,
ulcerative colitis,
acute exacerbations of multple sclerosis
21
Q
actions of prednisone
A
enters target cells and binds intracellular corticosteroid receptors, initiating many complex reactions responsible for anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects
22
Q
medication for mineralocorticoid
A
fludrocortisone
23
Q
3 things to know about mineralocorticoid
A
- fludrocortisone
- take same time every day
- weigh daily bc pt gains a lot of weight and record
24
Q
drug to drug interaction for mineralocorticoid
A
decrease effectiveness with salicylates, rifampin
25
adrenal gland hyperfunction
1. cortisol is excessively secreted or
2. aldosterone is excessively secreted
3. can result in an adrenal gland problem, like a tumor
26
medication for adrenal gland hyperfunction
mifepristone --- this can cause abortions
27
what is the actions of fludrocortisone
1. increases sodium reabsorption in renal tubules and increases potassium and hydrogen excretion, leading to water and sodium retention
28
intended response or side effects about adrenocortical agents
-intended-reduce blood levels of glucocorticoids and aldosterone
-normal BG and BP
side effects: can lead to adrenal insufficiency
29
what do you teach patients about adrenocortical agents
-signs of adrenal insufficiency
-keep all blood work appointments
30
2 types of antibiotics
bacteriostatic
bactericidal
31
what do bacteriostatic antibiotics do
those substances that prevent growth of bacteria
32
what does bactericidal antibiotics do
kill bacteria directly
33
how do you select treatment of antibiotic
id the causative organism
-antibiotic is chosen that has been nown to be effective at treating invading organism
34
signs of infection
-fever
-lethargy
-increased wbc
-classic signs of inflammation
-look at cultures
35
how do bacteria become resistant to antibiotics
-adapt to environment
-longer antibiotic has been in use, greater the chance bacteria will develop into resistant strain
36
this is a group of powerful antibiotics used to treat serious infections caused by gram negative aerobic bacilli
aminoglycosides
37
common medication for aminoglycosides
gentamicin **know
38
what to know about gentamicin
ototoxic - hearing impairment or loss
harsh med - very toxic to kidneys
39
what type of antibioitic is aminoglycosides
bactericidal
40
pharmacokinetics of aminoglycosides
depend on kidney for excretion and are toxic to the kidneys
41
adverse effects of aminoglycosides
ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity *****
know
42
this new class of broad spectrum antibiotics effective against gram positive and gram negative bacteria
carbapenems
43
carbapenems medication to know
imipenem-cilastatin (Primaxin)
44
true or false
because of adverse effects of aminoglycosides, it is important to teach pt to restrict fluids and eat 6 small meals daily
false
try to drink lots of fluids to maintain nutrition even though nausea, vomiting and diarrhea may occur
45
indications of carbapenems
-treatment of serious infections caused by suseptible bacteria
46
what type of antibiotic is carbapenems
bactericidal
47
actions of carbapenems
inhibit cell membrane synthesis in susceptible bacteria leading to cell death
48
pharmacokinetics of carbapenems
excreted unchanged in urine - have an average half life of 1-4 hours
-this doesn't get broken down in body
-okay to use for liver disease
49
adverse effects of carbapenems
pseydomembranous colitis, cdiff diarrhea, and nausea and vomiting can lead to serious dehydration and electrolyte imbalance
50
this is similar to penicillin in structure and activity
cephalosporins
51
common meds for cephalosporins
cephalexin (keflex)
ceftriaxone (rocephin)
52
what type of antibiotic is cephalosporins
bactericidal and bacteriostatic
53
what are the indications of cephalosporins
treatment of infections caused by susceptible bacteria
54
actions of cephalosporins
interfere with cell wall building ability of bacteria when they divide
55
pharmacokinetics of cephalosporins
-well absorbed from GI tract
-metabolized in liver, excreted in urine
56
contraindications of cephalosporins
-allergies to cephalosporins or penicillin ******
know
57
adverse side effects of cephalosporins
GI tract irritations
58
you are writing plan of care for patient receiving Cefaclor. What would be apporpriate nursing diagnosis for pt?
a. deficient fluid volume and imbalanced nutrition: less than body requirements, related to diarrhea
b. chronic pain RT GI, CNS effects of drug
c. monitor renal function test values
d. perform culture and sensitivity tests at the site of infection
a. deficient fluid volume and imbalanced nutrition: less than body requirements, related to diarrhea
59
this is relatively new synthetic class of antibiotics with broad spectrum of activity
fluoroquinolones
60
common meds for fluoroquinolones
ciprofloxacin (cipro)
levofloxacin (levaquin)
**know its broad spectrum antibiotic
61
actions of tetracyclines
inhibits protein synthesis insusceptible bacteria, preventing cell replication
62
pharmacokinetics of tetracyclines
1. adequately absorbed from GI tract
2. concentrated in liver, excreted unchanged in urine
63
adverse side effects of tetracyclines
-most GI but possible damange to teeth and bones
- causes teeth discoloration in children --> yellow/brown and is permanent
64
drug to drug interactions for tetracyclines
penicillin G, oral contraceptives
65
do you take tetracyclines with or without food
administer on empty stomach
66
pyridoxine = ?
B6
67
antituberculins contains
pathogens causing TB
68
what are two antituberculosis drugs
rifampin and isoniazid (INH)
69
if exposed to TB how long will be on isoniazid (INH)
6 months
70
what antituberculosis drug do you take with vitamin B6
isoniazid (INH)
71
first antibiotic introduced for clinical use
penicillin
72
which antibiotics do you use for severe infections caused by sensitive organisms and broad spectrums use
penicillin and penicillinase resisitant antibiotics
73
what are the actions of penicillin and penicillinase resistant antibiotics
interfere with the ability of susceptible bacteria to build their cell walls
74
these rapidly absorbed from GI tract, reaching peak levels in 1 hour. excreted unchanged in urine
penicillin and penicillinase resistant antibiotics
75
what are the contraindications of penicillin and penicillinase resistant antibiotics
allergies to penicillin or cephalosporins, renal disease
76
drug to drug interactions for penicillin and penicillinase resistant drugs
tetracyclines, parenteral aminoglycosides
77
these developed as semisynthetic antibiotics based on structure of common soil mold
tetracyclines
78
true or false
tetracyclines can lead to sun burns
true - pts on these drugs should stay out of the sun
79
what are the actions of antituberculins
act on DNA of bacteria leading to lack of growth and eventual bacterial death of TB
80
what are the pharmacokinetics of antituberculins
-absorbed well in GI tract
-metabolized in liver
81
how do you test for active TB
need gram of sputum of multiple days
82
true or false
chest xray is not a diagnosis of active TB
true. a chest x ray only shows if you were exposed. does not indicate TB is active or not
83
what are the adverse effects of TB drugs
hepatotoxicity
84
what are the drug to drug interactions for antituberculins
rifampin and INH can cause liver toxicity
85
contraindications of antituberculins
renal or hepatic failure
86
these vary in their effective ness against invading organisms
anti infectives
87
this kill the cell
bactericidal
88
this prevents reproduction of cell
bacteriostatic
89
effective against only a few microorganisms with a very specific metabolic pathway or enzyme
narrow spectrum of activity
90
"match the bug to the drug"
narrow spectrum of activity
91
useful in treating a wide variety of infections
broad spectrum of activity
92
what are examples of narrow spectrum of activity
PCN and amoxicillin
93
what are used to determine the type and extent of infection
culture and sensitivity tests
94
ability over time to adapt to an anti infective drug and produce cells that no longer affected by particular drug
natural or acquired resistance
95
these act on specific enzyme system or biological process, many microorganisms that do not act on this system are not affected by this particular drug
antiinfectives
96
how do you prevent resistance to medication
1. limit the use of antimicrobial agents to the treatment of specific pathogens sensitive to drug being used
2. make sure doses are high enough and duration of drug therapy is long enough
97
how is the ID of the infecting pathogen done
by culture
98
this determines which drugs are capable of controlling the particular microorganism
sensitivity test
99
what is a treatment of systemic infections
combination therapy
- some drugs are synergistic
ex; opioid can affect and tylenol
100
trying to prevent infection from occurring
give before surgery and then after to prevent infection
prophylaxis
101
who gets prophylaxis
1. ppl traveling to area where malaria is endemic
2. pts undergoing GI or genitourinary surgery
3. pts with known cardiac valve disease, valve replacements, other invasive procedures
102
for dental work - how many hours before do CVD pts get the prophylaxis
72 hours
103
adverse reactions to antiinfective therapy
1. kidney damage - highly toxic and renal failure
2. GI toxicity
3. Neurotoxicity
4. Hypersensitivity Reactions - make sure pt isn't allergic
5. Superinfections - yeast & c.diff
6. Ototoxcitiy
104
three antiinfective medications
1. vancomycin
2. gentamycin
3. enoxaparin
105
what do you do for your pt who is on antiinfective therapy
monitor I & O, monitor any pt changes, get CBC
106
how long after pt receives new medications via IV will they have an allergic reaction
10 mins
107
thyroid gland produces two thyroid hormones using iodine found in diet
1. tetraiodothyronine or levothyroxine (T4)
2. triiodothyronine or liothyronine (T3)
108
what does the thyroid gland remove from the blood
iodine
109
what is T3 name
triiodothyronine
110
what is T4 name
tetraiodothyronine
111
four functions of thyroid hormones
1. regulate the rate of metabolism
2. affect heat prodcution and body temperature
3. affect metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins
4. regulate growth and development
112
this needs replacement of hormones
is underactivity
hypothyroidism
113
treatment to slow down
overactivity
hyperthyroidism
114
what would cause hypothyroidism
1. surgeries and had to remove some or all of thyroid gland
2. not enough iodine in the diet to produce needed level of thyroid hormone
115
signs/symptoms of hypothyroidism
1. constipation
2. decreased appetite/weight gain
3. bradycardia, hypotension
4. cold all time
5. decreased HR/RR
6. lack of energy
7. increased sleeping
116
medication for replacement hormone - hypothyroidism
levothyroxine (synthetic salt of T4)
117
what do you teach a pt about levothyroxine about before administration - 4
1. check BP and HR especially the first dose
2. check dose/drug name carefully
3. ensure drug is given two hours before meal*******
4. take same time every day
118
what do you teach pt about after administration of levothyroxine
1. check BP and HR
2. ask pt about any chest pain
119
most important thing about levothyroxine
take two hours before meal
120
dose starts _____ and then is ____ ____ until patient has reached _____ level
dose starts LOW and is SLOWLY INCREASED until pt has NORMAL levels
121
intended responses of levothyroxine
** know these
-body temp and level of activity are normal
-HR, BP and RR normal
-Pts body weight is maintained
-Pt is mentally alert
-BM pattern is normal
122
side effects of levothyroxine
-overdose of drug can cause hyperthyroidism
-increased activity of cardiac and nervous system
123
***************** know this
what brings down calcium level
alendronate
124
if what is used with levothyroxine, it can cause gastric erosion
alendronate
125
this is excessive amounts of thyroid hormones are produced and released into ciruclation
hyperthyroidism
126
what is the cause of graves' disease
hyperthyroidism
127
signs and symptoms of hyperthyroidism
increased body temp - too warm
tachycardia
palpitations
hypertension
flushing
intolerance to heat
amenorrhea
weight loss
sweating
128
what is a thyroid storm
increase fever
massive release
hypertension
abdominal pain
increase HR
this is medical emergency
129
what medications do you use for hyperthyroidism
propylthiouracil (PTU)
Methimazole
iodine solutions are used
130
actions of thioamides
prevent formation of thyroid hormone within thyroid cells, lowering serum level
131
what are antithyroid agents called
thioamides
iodine solutions
132
high dose of this block thyroid function
iodine solutions
133
when to use antithyroid agents
for hyperthyroidism
134
what is the pharmacokinetics of thioamides
absorbed from GI tract, concentrated in thyroid gland, some excretion detected in urine
135
pharmacokinetics of iodine solution
rapidly absorbed from gi tract, widely distributed throughout body fluids, excretion through urine
136
adverse effects of antithyroid agents
thioamides: thyroid suppression
iodine solutions: hypothyroidism
137
what do you do before you administer antithyroid meds
check pt's liver function tests
138
what do you do after administering antithyroid meds
check WBC
check daily for yellowing of skin --- could be liver dysfunction
139
what endocrine gland produces hormones in islets of langerhans
pancreas
140
this hormone is produced by beta cells of the islets of langerhans
insulin
141
this treats hyperglycemia
insulin
142
what is the physiology of glucose regulation
constant supply of glucose is needed for normal body function
143
this is rapid release insulin for type 1 diabetes
lispro
144
what does insulin do to K+
it pulls K+ and can cause hypocalcemia and dysrhythmia
145
actions of insulin
1. released into ciruclation when levels of glucose around these cells rise
2. stimulates glycogen synthesis, conversion of lipids into fat stored as adipose tissue and synthesis ofproteins from amino acids
3. released after meals, causing blood glucose levels to fall, prevents blood glucose levels from becoming too high
4. insulin causes blood glucose levels to decrease
146
this is released from alpha cells into islets of langerhans in repsonse to low blood glucose
glucagon
147
this casues immediate mobilization of glycogen stored in liver and raises blood glucose levels
glucagon
148
this breaks down glycogen into glucose
glycagon
149
secretion of ____ raises blood glucose levels to normal
glucagon
150
which diabetes can't make insulin
type 1
151
what is type 1 diabetes called
insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM)
152
this is rapid onset, seen in younger ppl
type 1 diabetes
153
connected in many cases to viral destruction of beta cells in pancreas
type 1 diabetes
154
is type 1 diabetes seen in
a. children and young adults
b. older adults, elderly
A. children and young adults
155
beta cells no longer make or secrete insulin. needs insulin replacement
type 1 diabetes
156
by product of using fat to make ATP
ketoacids
157
what is type 2 diabetes called
non insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM)
158
in what age group does type 2 diabetes occur
older adults
159
this is slow and progressive onset
type 2 diabetes
160
what are the big risk factors for type 2 diabetes
obesity
sedentary lifestyle
161
what insulin do you use for type 2 diabetes
regular, NPH (intermediate acting)
162
increased blood sugar
hyperglycemia
163
sugar spilled into urine
glycosuria
164
increased hunger
polyphagia
165
increased thirst
polydipsia
166
fat breakdown
lipolysis
167
ketones cannot be removed effectively
ketosis
168
liver cannot remove all the waste products
acidosis
169
signs of hyperglycemia
fatigue
lethargy
weight loss
glycosuria
polyphagia
polydipsia
polyuria
itchy skin
170
what do you check before administering insulin
test pt's blood glucose level
check vial for color and clarity
171
breakdown of fat and glycogen to release glucose
pancreas releases glucagon to increase glucose and somatostatin
hypoglycemia
172
signs/symptoms of hypoglycemia
headache
blurred vision
drowsiness
weakness
tachycardia
rapid shallow breaths
hunger
diaphoresis
cool, clammy skin
173
patient teaching for hypoglycemia
**know
teach pts how to self admin insulin
teach pts about proper storage insulin
check inject site daily for signs of infection
dont skip or delay meals
always carry a carb source
keep to schedule of insulin and meals
174
what do all sulfonylureas can cause
hypoglycemia
175
these bind to potassium channels on pancreatic beta cells, may improve insulin binding to insulin receptors and increase number of insulin receptors
sulfonylureas
176
you must wait 48 hours before or after contrast dye to take this medication
biguanide - metformin
177
what to teach pt about metformin
1. causes gi issues
2. take same time every day
3. can cause hyperglycemia
4. cannot have contrast dye - can cause severe kidney damage
178
treatment for COPD - what to do
-reduce environmental exposure to irritants
-decrease effects of inflammation on airway lining
179
manifestations of COPD
1. obstructive condition
2. air is trapped in lower respiratory tract
3. alveoli degenerate and fuse together
4. exchange of gases is greatly impaired (can have higher CO2 levels in blood)
180
these are used to facilitate respiration by dilating airways
bronchodilators/antiasthmatics
181
these are rarely prescribed anymore due to several serious side effects (neurologic)
xanthines
182
what type of medication is xanthine
brochodilator/antiasthmatics
183
this medication stays in blood. can cause toxicity if levels get too high
theophylline
184
direct effect on the smooth muscles of respiratory tract, both in bronchi and in blood vessels
xanthines
185
adverse reactions for xanthines
-related to theophylline levels in blood
-gi upset, nausea, irritability, and tachycardia
186
this mimics effects of sympathetic nervous system: dilation of bronchi with increased rate and depth of respiration
sympathomimetics
187
these are bronchodilators
sympathomimetics
188
this is used as an emergency drug for rescue
albuterol
189
what sympathomimetic only lasts for 20 mins.
epinephrine (epi pen)
190
what do you always do when using bronchodilators
check HR before and after admin
191
two drugs that are bronchodilators
albuterol and epinephrine (epiPen)
192
nursing considerations for sympathomimetics
1. cigarette use
2. patient teaching how to use inhaler correctly and what drug is maintenance and which is rescue
193
which drug is for maintenance
anticholinergics
194
which drug is for rescue
albuterol
195
what position do you put pt in when using inhaler or albuterol
high fowlers or semi fowlers
196
pts who cannot tolerate sympathetic effects of sympathomimetic might respond to which type of drugs
anticholinergics
197
two anticholinergics used to lower respiratory tract
1. ipratropium
2. tiotropium *** know
198
are anticholinergics rescue or maintenance drugs
maintenance
199
adverse effects of anticholinergics
blurred vision
dry mouth
urinary retention
constipation
dizziness
palpitations
200
nursing considerations for anticholinergics
assess:
1. acute bronchospasm, bladder neck obstruction or prostatic hypertrophy, orientation, effect and reflexes
2. pulse and b/p, respirations, adventitious sounds and urinary output
201
are leukotriene receptor antagonists rescue or maintenance drugs
maintenance
202
these act more specifically at the site of problem associated with asthma
leukotriene receptor antagonists
203
drug to drug interactions for leukotriene receptor antagonists
propranolol and warfarin
** know
204
nursing considerations for leukotriene receptor antagonists
assess:
acute bronchospasm or asthmatic attack
impaired renal hepatic function
205
works at the cellular level to inhibit the release of histamine
mast cell stabilizers
206
treatment of chronic bronchial asthma
indications of mast cell stabilizers
207
used for several inflammatory conditions
corticosteroids
208
common examples of corticosteroids
prednisone
betamethasone
dexamethasone
hydrocortisone
209
do you stop taking corticosteroids abruptly
no.
210
contraindications for corticosteroids
things to consider:
risk of infection - due to anti inflammatory and immunosupressive effects
risk of hyperglcemia - due to glucose elevating effects of steroids
peptic ulcer - due to ulcer association with use of steroids
211
this is a cough supressant
antitussives
212
decrease blo0d flow to upper respiratory tract and decrease over productive of secretions
decongestants
213
increases secretions and narrows airways
antihistamines
214
increase productive cough to clear airways
expectorants
215
thins mucus to clear airway
mucolytics
216
what is something you do when you give drugs that act on upper respiratory tract
check heart rate
217
what medications are antitussives
benzonatate (tessalon)
codeine
dextromethorphan
218
decongestant medications
oxymetazoline - put up nose. too much causes overproduction
phenylephrine
fluticasone - inhaler
219
antihistamine medication
diphenhydramine - in Tylenol PM
hydroxyzine - combines with narcotic
promethazine - used for nausea
220
actions of antitussives
act directly on medullary cough center of the brain to depress the cough relfex
221
increase or liquefy respiratory secretions to aid clearing of airways
mucolytics
222
-this medication smells like rotten eggs
-goes in inhaler
acetylcysteine
223
with this medication - if pt has tylenol allergy, give orally
acetylcysteine
224
what medication is a expectorant
guaifenesin
225
contraindications of antitussives
-pts who need to cough to maintain airway
-head injury or impaired CNS - dont always have ability to cough
226
adverse affects of antitussives
drying effect on mucous membranes
227
nursing considerations for antitussives
assess:
temperature, respirations, adventitious sounds
228
this decrease the overproduction of secretions by causing local vasoconstriction to the upper respiratory tract
topical nasal decongestants
229
topical nasal decongestants medication
oxymetazoline
230
how long do you wait before and after to drink/eat when taking antitussives
15-20 mins
231
adverse affects of topical nasal decongestants
local stinging and burning
rebound congestion
sympathomimetic effects
232
are topical nasal decongestants short for term or long term use
short term use
233
waht are the nursing considerations for topical nasal decongestant
assess
-glaucoma, diabetes, hypertension
-respirations and adventitious lung sounds
234
these decrease nasal congestion r elated to common cold, sinusitis and allergic rhinitis
oral decongestants
235
oral decongestant medication
pseudoephedrine
236
this elevates BP - watch for hypertension
oral decongestants
237
contraindications of oral decongestants
any condition that might be exacerbated by sympathetic activity
238
adverse effects of oral decongestants
rebound congestion
239
nursing considerations for oral decongestants
assess:
-hypertension
-hyperthyroidism, diabetes mellitus, prostate enlargement
-orientation, reflexes and affect
-extrapyramidal effects
240
cautions for antihistamines
renal or hepatic impairment
241
nursing considerations for antihistamines
skin: color, texture change
242
increase productive cough to clear the airways. they liquify lower respiratory tract secretions, reducing the viscosity of these secretions and making it easier for the pt to cough up
expectorants
243
expectorant medication
guaifenesin
244
adverse effects of expectorants
gi symptoms
headache
dizziness
prolonged use may result in masking a serious underlying disorder
245
increase or liquefy respiratory secretions to aid the clearing of the airways in high risk respiratory pts who are coughing up thick, tenacious secretions
mucolytics
246
adverse reaction of topical nasal steroids
1. hyperglycemic
2. delays wound healing
3. risk for infection
4. brittle bones
247
mucolytics medication
acetylcysteine
248
these work to break down mucous in order to aid the high risk respiratory pt in coughing up thick, tenacious secretions
mucolytics
249
what are the indications of mucolytics
-pts who have difficulty coughing up secretions
-pts who develop atelectasis
-pts undergoing diagnostic bronchoscopy
-postoperative pts
-pts with tracheostomies
250
pharmacokinetics of mucolytics
nebulization or direct instillation into trachea
251
what is important to know about rifampin ****
it turns you orange, is rough on liver, rough on kidneys.
important to drink lots of water
252
waht is concern if on tetracycline
teeth staining
253
which antibiotic causes otoxicity
gentamicin
254
when taking these meds you want to stay out of the sun
tetracycline and doxycycline
255
what drug causes gastric erosion. you need to drink full glass of water when you take this medication
alendronate
256
do antibiotics treat viral infections
no
257
do you stop taking antibioitics if you start feeling better
no
258
when would you use glucagon
for hypoglycemia - can take IM, IV, subc
259
what does epinephrine do
elevate HR and is a bronchodilator
260
what is the first line treatment medciation
albuterol
261
are steroids the first or second line of treatment
second line
262
waht are the side effects of antibiotics
Common side effects of antibiotics can include rash, dizziness, nausea, diarrhea, or yeast infections. More serious side effects include Clostridioides difficile infection (also called C. difficile or C. diff),
263
know metformin, codeine
264
what type of drug is tropeium
anticholinergic
265
**know lispro
