NUS 111 Test #2 - Oxygenation and Perfusion Flashcards
this is mainly lung disease cause by bacterium called Mycobacteria
tuberculosis
this respiratory disease can spread to lymphatic and circulatory system which can take it to the brain and bones
TB
how is TB spread
airborne transmission
What precautions do we put in place for active TB patients?
Negative air pressure room
N95 respirator
Single room with closed door
Gown
how long does it take TB to show after exposure
2-10 weeks
once inhaled how does TB travel
down to alveoli and body ingests bacteria
a potentially fatal form of disseminated disease due to the hematogenous spread of tubercle bacilli to the lungs, and other organs
miliary TB
dry mask and they calcify and make disease dormant
ghon tubercle
you can get tb again from these particles
ghon tubercle
since it’s airborne transmission - how exactly is TB spread. what does a person do?
coughing, sneezing, laughing, singing, talking
waht are the risk factors for TB
foreign-born
suppressed immune system
homelessness, poverty level
minorities
advanced age
poor access to healthcare
multi drug resistant strains
subst abuse
infants and children exposed to high risk pts
traveling abroad
Comorbities
Malnutrition
Diabetes
Silicosis
Chronic Kidney disease
Gastric or Intestinal bypass Surgery
what puts healthcare workers at risk for TB
*** know this
Administration of aerosolized medications
Sputum-induction procedures, including suctioning and coughing procedures
Bronchoscopy
Intubations
what immunocomprmised individuals are at high risk for TB
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections
Malignancies: Head, neck, lung, hematologic
Long-term corticosteroid use
Immunosuppressive drug therapies
Organ transplantation
what are the comorbidities of TB
Malnutrition
Diabetes
Silicosis
Chronic kidney disease
Gastric or intestinal bypass surgery
gerontologic considerations for TB
have atypical manifestations in elderly
alter mental status
create unusual behavior - anorexia, weight loss
fever
the tuberculin skin test produces no reaction (loss of immunologic memory) or delayed reactivity for up to 1 week
clinical manifestations of TB
signs and symptoms of pulmonary TB are insidious
-low-grade fever, cough, night sweats, fatigue, weight loss.
- cough is nonproductive but progresses to be mucopurulent.
-Dyspnea, chest pain, and hemoptysis (bloody sputum) occur as the disease progresses.
how is TB diagnosed
complete history, physical examination, tuberculin skin test, chest x-ray, AFB smear, and sputum culture are used to diagnose TB
RN assessments for TB
- assess for asymptomatic vs symptomatic disease
- perform physical assessment: auscultating lungs, night sweats, sputum, living conditions, risk factors, assess for presentation : is it active or not
Most ppl exposed to TB are….
asymptomatic and exposing ppl bc they are unaware
how many ways is TB classified
6 classes
class 0 of TB
Class 0: No exposure; no infection
class 1 of TB
Class 1: Exposure; no evidence of infection
class 2 of TB
Class 2: Latent infection; no disease (e.g., positive PPD reaction but no clinical evidence of active TB)