Pharm Quizzes

Question 1

Potency of a drug is defined as ________ and is helpful in choosing the right drug for the right patient

Answer 1

dose of a drug that is required to produce 50% of that drugs maximal effect

Question 2

Medication A is dosed at 25mg when given IV but requires 100mg when given orally. The concept that underlies the difference in dosing is called

Answer 2

bioavailability

Question 3

The overall ability of a drug to produce its desired effect. This is known as ____ and can be related to a number of factors including receptor availability, bioavailability, and other factors.

Answer 3

Efficacy

Question 4

Aspirin can irreversibly bind to certain structures on the platelet that are involved in platelet aggregation. Although its not truly irreversible, it produces a very strong chemical bind through the sharing of electrons. This is known as _____ binding.

Answer 4

Covalent

Question 5

Drugs that have an asymmetric carbon are not superimposable and are called _______ drugs. The importance of this concept is that these different shaped drugs can have different effects on the same receptor.

Answer 5

Chiral

Question 6

You are the NP in a busy ICU. A patient has come into the ICU after overdosing on Drug-X. Drug-X has a volume of distribution of 0.6. Volume of distribution is calculated by:

Answer 6

the amount of drug in the body (delivered dose), divided by the plasma concentration

Question 7

A drug that binds to the active site of a receptor and causes an irreversible antagonism through covalent bonding of the receptor is called _____ antagonism

Answer 7

non-competitive

Question 8

a receptor type where a drug binds to an ion channel and causes that channel to open or close, for example acetylcholine which opens sodium channels, are considered_____

Answer 8

ligand gated ion channels

Question 9

one of the most important organ involved in clearance of a drug is the _____ and chronic insufficiency can lead to decreased drug clearance

Answer 9

kidneys

Question 10

cytochrome P450 are important enzymes involved in drug metabolism. The first step, or phase 1 of drug metabolism typically involves_____ which most often ______ water solubility to enhance elimination

Answer 10

modifying the structure via oxidation, increases

Question 11

Fosphenytoin is a more water-soluble pro-drug of phenytoin. Prodrug means that:

Answer 11

the drug is the precursor to the parent compound and is metabolized to the parent compound after administration

Question 12

The mechanism of action of phenytoin is:

Answer 12

sodium channel blockade which will reduce eliptogenic firing

Question 13

drugs are eliminated at different rates depending on several factors. The concept of zero order kinetics can be defined as:

Answer 13

a constant amount of a drug is eliminated per unit time but the rate is independent of the concentration of the drug

Question 14

Valproic acid is a commonly used anticonvulsant. Its mechanism of action is multifactorial and includes all of the following EXCEPT:

Answer 14

blockade of glutamate receptors

Question 15

Many drugs will interact with the Cytochrome P450 system. If a drug has a high affinity for a certain CYP450 (i.e. CYP3A4) and that cytochrome will selectively choose to metabolize that drug over others, the result can be

Answer 15

accumulation of the drug that has less affinity

Question 16

Benzodiazepines bind to _______ and effectively increases the frequency of chloride channel opening.

Answer 16

GABA

Question 17

Phenobarbital is a sedative hypnotic that binds to GABA receptors but at high doses, can also block the excitatory receptor _____.

Answer 17

Glutamate

Question 18

Tricyclic antidepressants can cause cardiac toxicity primarily through blockade of ____ channels, which results in a widened QRS, prolonged QT and risk for ventricular arrhythmia

Answer 18

sodium

Question 19

One important lab test to follow when administering propofol is ______, as elevations can be a predictor of propofol administration syndrome

Answer 19

triglycerides

Question 20

Lithium has a narrow therapeutic index. This means that:

Answer 20

the difference between a therapeutic dose and a toxic dose is small

Question 21

acetaminophen has several mechanisms of action EXCEPT

Answer 21

blocking peripheral COX-1 and COX-2

Question 22

acetaminophen toxicity occurs as a result of the metabolic process of

Answer 22

CYP450 metabolism

Question 23

Ibuprofen is an NSAID that exerts most of its activity on ______

Answer 23

COX-1

Question 24

Ibuprofen use can lead to gastric ulcers, particularly when used in high doses or for long periods of time. This occurs because of inhibition of _____, which are important in the production of gastric mucous.

Answer 24

prostacyclins

Question 25

Renal injury can occur from the use of NSAIDs and the primary mechanism is thought to be ______

Answer 25

renal vasoconstriction

Question 26

Of the commonly administered non-aspirin NSAIDs, _______ is thought to be the least safe for patients with increased cardiovascular risk

Answer 26

Celecoxib

Question 27

Opioids primarily effects occur as a result of interaction with the _____ receptor

Answer 27

Mu

Question 28

The ____ of a drug determines whether a drug is ionized or unionized. Most local anesthetics are _____ and are ionized when injected into the target tissue under physiologic conditions

Answer 28

pKa, weak bases

Question 29

Ester local anesthetics are less stable then amide local anesthetics. This is because they are metabolized by _____ while amide anesthetics are typically metabolized by _____

Answer 29

plasma exterases, the liver

Question 30

Buprenorphine and naloxone combination, also called suboxone is a commonly used opioid replacement drug for the treatment of opioid use disorder. It works as a ____

Answer 30

partial agonist-antagonist

Question 31

Barbiturates are dosed according to ideal body weight. What is the correct formula for ideal body weight in men?

Answer 31

50 + (0.91 x [height in centimeters -152.4])

Question 32

Barbiturates are dosed according to ideal body weight. What is the correct formula for ideal body weight in women?

Answer 32

45.5 + (0.91 x [height in centimeters -152.4])

Question 33

Barbiturates work on the GABA receptor by doing what?

Answer 33

increasing the duration of the chloride channel opening